OLPC Haiti/Background
Contents
Haiti's National Education Background
General Background: It is difficult to find a complete account of how Haiti's national education system is organized and functions. Primary education is compulsory, but families must pay school fees. <ref> Compassion International, Haiti Facts; http://www.compassion.com/about/where/haiti.htm </ref> In 1997, the government passed a 10-year universal access education plan. The government set out to increase the national education budget and start a nation-wide literacy campaign run by 30,000 literacy monitors. School attendance rose from 20% in 1994 to 64% in 2000.<ref>Library of Congress Federal Research Division's Country Profile on Haiti (May 2006); http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Haiti.pdf </ref> Despite these successes, there remains significant exclusion and structural deficiencies in Haiti's education system. High school costs (parents must pay school fees to enroll children in public schools), limited access (especially in rural areas), and a lack of classroom space, teaching materials, basic functions are all problems that Haiti faces. <ref> Education report from the UN Special Envoy for Haiti Website; http://www.haitispecialenvoy.org/reports/education </ref>. Some studies have shown that international private schools (run by Canada, France, or the United States) and church-run schools educate 90 percent of students.<ref>Library of Congress Federal Research Division's Country Profile on Haiti (May 2006); http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/profiles/Haiti.pdf </ref> However, other reports state that public schools cover 20% of educational demand. <ref>Plan Cadre des Nations Unies pour l’Aide au Développement, UNDAF 2009-2011, 2008. p.10; http://www.undg.org/index.cfm?P=234&f=H</ref>. While exact numbers vary, it's clear that private schools make up a much larger part of Haiti's education system than public schools.
National Strategy Education for All (SNA-EPT): In 2007, the Haitian Ministry of Education in cooperation with international and national partners developed a National Strategy Education for All (SNA-EPT) (read an English summary on the UN Special Envoy to Haiti's website). The plan's main priorities include:
- Improve equity in the development and protection of early childhood
- Improve equity in the access to formal and non formal education
- Improve the internal efficiency of basic and post-basic education
- Improve the external efficiency of basic and post-basic education
- Improve the overall management and governance of the system.
In addition, the Government of Haiti has identified the following top three challenges in the area of education:
- Increasing enrollment of primary school children (more than 500,000 children are not in school);
- Improving the quality of education (only 20% of primary school teachers are trained);
- Reducing the number of over-aged students in classes (each year, more than 9% of children are not promoted to the next grade).
In response to the SNA-EPT, the UN Special Envoy to Haiti is working with the Government of Haiti to identify 3-5 strategic interventions that will address the challenges above. These include teacher salary support, teacher training, tuition vouchers, school feeding, and supporting "safe" school reconstruction and rehabilitation.
Education Statistics
| Categories | Numbers |
|---|---|
| Total adult literacy rate (%), 2000-2007 | 62 |
| Primary school net enrollment/ attendance (%), 2000-2007 | 50 |
| Youth literacy, 2000–2007 (M / F)<ref> Youth literacy rate – Number of literate persons aged 15–24, expressed as a percentage of the total population in that age group.</ref> | 76 / 87 |
| Percentage of phone/internet users 2006 | 14 / 8 |
| Primary school gross enrollment (%) 2000-2007 (M / F)<ref> Primary school gross enrollment ratio – Number of children enrolled in primary school, regardless of age,expressed as a percentage of the total number of children of official primary school age. </ref> | N/A |
| Primary school net enrollment (%) 2000-2007 (M / F)<ref> Primary school net enrollment ratio – Number of children enrolled in primary school who are of official primary school age, expressed as a percentage of the total number of children of official primary school age. </ref> | N/A |
| Primary school net attendance (%) 2000-2007 (M / F) <ref> Primary school net attendance ratio – Number of children attending primary or secondary school who are of official primary school age, expressed as a percentage of the total number of children of official primary school age. </ref> | 48 / 52 |
| Survival rate to last primary grade (%) 2000–2007 (administrative / survey data) <ref> Survival rate to the last grade of primary school – Percentage of children entering the first grade of primary school who eventually reach the last grade of primary school. </ref> | X / 85 |
| Secondary school gross enrollment (%) 2000-2007 (M/F)<ref> Secondary school gross enrollment ratio – Number of children enrolled in secondary school, regardless of age, expressed as a percentage of the total number of children of official secondary school age. </ref> | N/A |
| Secondary school net enrollment (%) 2000-2007 (M/F)<ref> Secondary school net enrollment ratio – Number of children enrolled in secondary school who are of official secondary school age, expressed as a percentage of the total number of children of official secondary school age.</ref> | N/A |
| Secondary school net attendance (%) 2000-2007 (M/F)<ref> Secondary school net attendance ratio – Number of children attending secondary or tertiary school who are of official secondary school age, expressed as a percentage of the total number of children of official secondary school age. </ref> | 18/21 |
UNESCO Education Statistics from 2008 Regional Averages: At this point, Haiti's "UIS Statistics in Brief" is empty.
| Categories | Numbers |
|---|---|
| Percent of population under the age of 18 <ref>UN Office of the Special Envoy for Haiti; http://www.haitispecialenvoy.org/key_statistics/</ref> | 50% |
| Schooling expense per family <ref>La Stratégie Nationale d’Action pour l’Education pour Tous (SNA EPT), 2007. p. 20; http://www.hausaid.info/uploads/La%20strategie%20nationale%20d%27action%20pour%20l%27education%20pour%20tous,%20Janvier%2007.pdf</ref> | 109 USD per year |
| Schooling expense as a percentage of income for a low-income family <ref> Plan Cadre des Nations Unies pour l’Aide au Développement, UNDAF 2009-2011, 2008. p.10; http://www.undg.org/index.cfm?P=234&f=H</ref> | 40% |
| Education share of the budget <ref>UN Office of the Special Envoy for Haiti; http://www.haitispecialenvoy.org/reports/education/</ref> | 9% |
| Gross enrollment ratio in basic and post-basic education <ref>Plan Cadres Des Nations Unies pour l'Aide au Développement, UNDAF 2009-2011, 2008. p.11; http://www.undg.org/index.cfm?P=234&f=H</ref> | 124% (due to a large number of over-aged students in the system) |
| Percentage of over-age children attending school <ref>UNICEF Humanitarian Action Report 2008; http://www.unicef.org/har08/files/har08_Haiti_countrychapter.pdf</ref> | 50% |
| Percentage of children enrolled in primary school that will make it to sixth grade <ref>UNICEF Humanitarian Action Report 2008; http://www.unicef.org/har08/files/har08_Haiti_countrychapter.pdf</ref> | 40% |
| Number of children ages 6-11 that are out of the educational system <ref>La Stratégie Nationale d’Action pour l’Education pour Tous (SNA EPT), 2007. p. 18; http://www.hausaid.info/uploads/La%20strategie%20nationale%20d%27action%20pour%20l%27education%20pour%20tous,%20Janvier%2007.pdf</ref> | 400,000 (or 22% of total) |
| Percentage of educational demand that public schools cover <ref>Plan Cadre des Nations Unies pour l’Aide au Développement, UNDAF 2009-2011, 2008. p.10; http://www.undg.org/index.cfm?P=234&f=H </ref> | 20% |
| Number of schools affected by the January 2010 earthquake <ref>UN Office of the Special Envoy for Haiti; http://www.haitispecialenvoy.org/key_statistics/</ref> | 4,992 (23% of all schools) |
| PDNA Sector/PDNA SubSector | Cost of Private Damages (USD) | Cost of Public Damages (USD) | Cost of Private Economic Losses (USD) | Cost of Public Economic Losses |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Culture (3.23%) | 4,350,000 | 21,402,000 | 15,500,000 | 8,150,000 |
| Education (40.96%) | 437,771,309 | 41,150,419 | 140,056,013 | 8,005,975 |
| Food Security and Nutrition (21.56%) | 292,500,000 | 2,500,000 | 35,000,000 | |
| Health (30.72%) | 101,875,000 | 94,604,600 | 86,172,381 | 187,627,388 |
| Sports and Leisure (.76%) | 3,500,000 | 7,750,000 | 400,000 | |
| Water and Sanitation (2.77%) | 14,080,000 | 19,104,632 | 418,752 | 8,838,505 |
| TOTAL LOSS IN SOCIAL SECTOR | 854,076,309 | 186,511,651 | 277,147,146 | 213,021,868 |
OLPC's work in Haiti
Deployments: In a partnership with the Inter-American Development Bank, 13,700 XOs have been purchased for students and teachers in 60 Haitian schools. This number includes 10,000 laptops from the Give One Get One program. Hundreds more have been deployed in smaller pilots by independent NGOs. Following the earthquake in January 2010, almost 3,000 used XOs have been donated by individuals around the world through the OLPC for Haiti project.
Waveplace: Waveplace is a non-profit organization that raises money to purchase XOs for Caribbean children, creates training materials that teach digital media skills, and inspires teachers to use computers in new ways. From February to September of 2008, Waveplace donated 23 XOs to students from the Mercy & Sharing John Branchizio School in Port au Prince, Haiti. Waveplace also provides XO and Etoys training. Following the January 2010 earthquake, Waveplace returned to Haiti in March to organize a two week workshop at Matènwa Community Learning Center for 20 trainee mentors and 26 children. The workshop aimed to train mentors who can each train an additional twenty mentors to lead eight Waveplace pilot projects using XO laptops and Squeak Etoys. OLPC also re-donated 200 laptops being used by 40 mentors and 160 children in Haiti. Check out the Waveplace Haiti blog entries and their OLPC wiki page
Other Education Development Initiatives
| Name of Organization | Investment in Country | People/Major Projects |
|---|---|---|
| UNICEF | ||
| WFP | ||
| WHO | ||
| UNESCO | ||
| UNDP | ||
| IFRC | ||
| World Vision: | ||
| Save the Children | ||
| USAID | ||
| SOS Children's Villages | ||
| World Bank |
Compassion Haiti: Compassion International is a Christian child advocacy ministry that releases children from spiritual, economic, social and physical poverty and enables them to become responsible, fulfilled Christian adults. They currently work with over 1 million children in 26 countries. Compassion's work in Haiti began in 1968. Currently, more than 62,900 children participate in more than 225 child development centers. Compassion partners with churches to help them provide Haitian children with the opportunity to rise above their circumstances. (Recommended by Haiti Partner's John Engle)
Haiti Partners: Haiti Partners is a non-profit organization working to help Haitians change Haiti through education for students, teachers, leaders, and disciples. Haiti Partners partnered with Wave Place in the post earthquake Haiti pilots involving 200 laptops. 50 of these laptops are with students and mentors involved with 4 of their partner schools. Through the organization's Students Program, Haiti Partners is working to educate 1,400 students in seven partner schools with a set of goals. The organization is working to improve facilities, provide educational materials, train teachers in participatory education methods, and provide training and seed capital for school staff and the local community to create social enterprises. Haiti Partners does not provides 100% of the funding for its schools, but identifies and supports education groups with teacher and leadership training, materials, construction dn repair work, and social enterprise training and financial support. By partnering with successful education initiatives, Haitian Partners aims to create a sustainable and replicable model to ensure that in all Haitian children have access to quality education. In addition to the Students Program, the organization also has a Teacher's Program to train 300 teachers. The program supports individual teacher trainers through the six month "Circle of Change" training program, pays for books and videos, and provides seminars and workshops for trainers and participants.
Partners in Health: Partners in Health is a Boston-based NGO dedicated to providing a "preferential option for the poor." Located in Cange, Haiti, Zanmi Lasante is PIH’s oldest and largest project that has grown into a socialmedical complex. PIH now has an additional eight sites throughout Haiti. Through its community-based model, the organization hires local people as community health workers to monitor the needs of the community and to deliver health care to people with chronic diseases such as TB and HIV/AIDS. Today, ZL ranks as one of the largest nongovernmental health care providers in Haiti – serving a catchment area of 1.2 million across the Central Plateau and the Lower Artibonite. ZL employs over 4,000 people, almost all of them Haitians, including doctors, nurses and community health workers. PIH created a "Stand By Haiti Campaign" to raise funds and recruit medical personnel following the January 12th, 2010 earthquake.
Save the Children: Save the Children runs a rural education program in community, government, and mission schools, reaching thousands of students in Haiti's Central Plateau, Southeast, and Artribonite regions. The organization has been able to additionally extend its educational reach through innovating radio learning programs. (One of six NGOs in the "Haiti Fit for Children" discussion sponsored by UNICEF; see below.)
SOS Children's Villages: SOS Haiti or SOS International is a non-profit organization whose activities focus on children without parental care and children of families in difficult circumstances. SOS Children's Villages places central value on education and works to provide educational assistance to children growing up in children's villages, those participating in any form of family strengthening programme, and all vulnerable children and young people in the communities they work in. The organization has 8 projects in Haiti that educates children from the program and children from the local community. (One of six NGOs in the "Haiti Fit for Children" discussion sponsored by UNICEF; see below.)
World Vision: World Vision is an international evangelical relief and development organization, and is one of the largest relief and development organizations in the world. While the organization works in several different areas, they are very focused on educational initiatives, including in Haiti. The three core strategies of World Vision's education sector are to:
- 1. Increase children's access to equitable and quality early childhood education and primary education, with special attention to girls.
- 2. Strengthen community involvement in education.
- 3. Foster an enabling environment through partnerships and advocacy with communities, governments, universities, donors, and non-governmental organizations.
In addition to sponsoring 51,383 children in Haiti, World Vision has also worked on the following projects:
- The Reinforcement of Quality Education project provides 3,000 children with a quality primary education by improving the physical environment in which they learn, providing continuing education for teachers, establishing resource centers for students and teachers, and involving parents through parent-teacher associations.
- The Improved Primary Education Project in the Laplange area in northwest Haiti will provide resources to improve the environment in which children learn. Specific program goals include: repairing the physical infrastructure of schools; increasing parent involvement by establishing parent-teacher associations; improving the proficiency level of teachers and school directors; providing tuition, books, and school supplies; and supplying instructors with the appropriate teaching aids. Approximately 5,000 children in 25 primary schools in the area will benefit from this project.
(Recommended by Haiti Partner's John Engle. Also one of six NGOs in the "Haiti Fit for Children" discussion sponsored by UNICEF; see below.)
USAID: Through USAID a school cluster program delivers a package of support services to over 400 primary schools designed to achieve higher access and promotion rates. Support includes interactive radio instruction, strengthened Parent Teachers’ Associations, accelerated academic programs structured for out-of-school youth, and school-based teacher and principal training. USAID also has a scholarship program for children at risk of dropping out of school or who have already dropped out. USAID also assists the MOE to strengthen its capacity to effectively license and regulate the large number of private schools in Haiti and has a school feeding program that distributes hot meals to students across the country.
UNICEF: For 2010, UNICEF is working to provide access to free education for approximately 80,000 children, including 40,000 affected by potential emergencies. UNICEF is also working to improve the educational system through rehabilitation of infrastructure, institutional capacity building and improvement to the education policy framework. In a mid-term review from July 2010, UNICEF (along with the MOE and cluster partners) is continuing to promote the gradual enrollment of all children and adolescents in Haiti. UNICEF has donated 1,297 school tents in 225 locations. The organization is working with the MOE to create a condensed second semester curriculum, and has trained 2,300 teachers and 3,000 educational personnel in the new curriculum. Finally, 185,616 school-aged children have been provided with basic educational materials, and 45,520 pre-preschoolers have received learning and educational materials.
The World Bank: The World Bank's Education for All initiative aims to increase access to primary education, enhance the quality of education, institutionally strengthen the Ministry of Education and M&E activities. More specifically, from 2007 to 2010, the EFA program subsidized nearly 100,000 children in 1,000 schools, provided daily meals to 45,000 children, enroll 30,000 new first graders each year, and increase teacher training. The World Bank requested additional financing for the project in May 2010.
| Name of Organization | Investment in Country | People/Major Projects |
|---|---|---|
| Name of Organization | Description |
|---|---|
| 'A Haiti Fit for Children' | In March of 2010, six international aid organizations] met at UNICEF's headquarters to discuss ways to make children the focus of rebuilding Haiti in the aftermath of the 12 January earthquake. The six agencies included Save the Children, SOS Children's Villages International, Plan International, World Vision International, Oxfam and UNICEF. The United Nations has asked for $1.4 billion to repair the damage in Haiti. Since March 2010, it has received $718 million from international donors, and another $36 million has been pledged.
|
| The Catholic Diocese of Richmond, Virginia | Since the mid 1980s the Diocese of Richmond, Virginia] has embarked on a global solidarity partnership with Haiti through its twinning ministry. The Diocese has created a Haiti Twinning Fund between parishes and groups in the Catholic Diocese of Richmond (DOR) that are twinned with parishes or groups in Haiti. Through the Twinning Program, the Diocese is supporting a network of several Haitian schools. Their website also makes reference to the Haitian Education Fund which supports 12,040 children and young adults in its 34 elementary schools, 7 high schools, and vocational schools scattered among the mountains of Haiti's peninsula. (Recommended by Haiti Partner's John Engle). |
Summary of Educational Initiative Findings
| Name of Organization | Number of Children They Work With | Number of Education Projects/Centers/Schools, etc. |
|---|---|---|
| Compassion Haiti | 62,900 children | 225 child development centers |
| Haiti Partners | works with 1,400 students | 7 schools |
| Partners in Health | 1.2 million people | Not an education-based NGO |
| Save the Children | N/A | N/A |
| SOS Children's Villages Haiti | At least 1,300 children (not including Herman Gmeiner Schools or SOS Girl's House Port-au-Prince) | 8 projects (either villages, development centers, schools, etc.) |
| World Vision | 8,000 (at a minimum) | At least 25 schools |
| USAID | N/A | 400 primary schools |
| UNICEF | 80,000 (provided free education), 185,616 school-aged children + 45,520 pre-preschoolers (received learning materials) | N/A |
| World Bank (from 2007-2010) | subsidized nearly 100,000 children | 1,000 schools |
| Catholic Diocese of Richmond | N/A | 60 schools |
| Haitian Education Fund | 12,040 | 34 elementary schools, 7 high schools, and vocational schools |
Other Resources
Haiti Education Resources
- Haiti Reconstruction Platform Social Sectors Chart
- Wikipedia Page on Education in Haiti
- UN Office of the Special Envoy for Haiti Education Statistics
- Interesting article from the Council on Foreign Relations
OLPC in Haiti
- OLPC Haiti wiki page
- OLPC Haiti website (still under construction)
- OLPC for Haiti allows people to donate their unused XOs to displaced children in Haiti.
- OLPC News articles about Haiti
- Feedback from the Haitian XO Deployment
Education Initiatives Resources
- Help for Haiti - Education: organized by the US Department of Education to provide coordinated educational assistance to those affected by the earthquake in Haiti.
- Civil Society Organizations focused on Education in Haiti
Other
- Office of the Special Envoy map of Haiti
Notes
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