User:GJavetski

About Education in Afghanistan

• Afghanistan's Ministry of Education
• Education in Afghanistan from Wikipedia
• UNICEF Country Statistics, including Education
• From Matt Keller's OLPC blog post about visiting Afghanistan:
  • Afghanistan has seen vast improvements in its education system in the last few years. In 2001, 800,000 children attended school compared to 7 million today. Despite these successes, only half (52%) of primary school aged children are enrolled in school. 50% of Afghan girls and 40% of boys don't attend school.
  • Schools must operate in “shifts,” the average being three shifts per day. Because of this, each child generally receives only 2.5 hours of school a day, or only about half of OECD recommended average school times.
  • Teacher student ratios are often as high as 1:50-75. Close to 75% of teachers in Afghanistan are illiterate or have an education level of one year greater than their students.
  • Building more schools, training teachers, providing materials would require 6 fold increase to education (over 1 billion a year) and would take 10-15 years.

Afghanistan's National Education Strategic Plan

National Education Strategic Plan (March 2006-2011): "In December 2006, the Ministry of Education officially launched a 5 Year National Education Strategic Plan (NESP) to take place from March 2006 to March 2011. In consultation with the international community, the NESP identifies eight priority program areas," including:

• General Education
• Islamic Education
• Technical and Vocational Education and Training
• Literacy and Non-Formal Education
• Teacher Education and Working Conditions
• Education Infrastructure Rehabilitation and Development
• Curriculum Development and Learning Materials
• Education Administrative Reform and Development

Afghanistan is now entering its second National Education Strategic Plan (or NESP II), which will span from 2010 to 2014.

UNICEF in Afghanistan

UNICEF's Programmatic Areas Of Focus

• Child labor: According to UNICEF estimates, 30% of all Afghan children are child laborers. UNICEF has set up drop-in centers where child laborers are able to learn in classroom settings.
• School attacks: While school attacks occur in both all girl and all boy schools, in the last two years, school attacks on all girls schools have more than doubled in Afghanistan. Following these attacks, many Afghan girls have been forced to leave school temporarily or permanently. Although UNICEF employs a comprehensive “School-in-a-Box” concept for students following natural disasters, there is no mention of what the organization is doing to help children continue their education following these attacks.
• Female education access & literacy: In addition to promoting community-based schools, UNICEF is helping teach community management committees about the importance of girls’ education and their role in making it happen.
• Child friendly curricula: UNICEF is making strides in promoting “child friendly curricula” throughout schools in Afghanistan. This model, which has been implemented in more than 50 countries, utilizes curricula that are specifically inclusive and gender-sensitive.

UNICEF Afghanistan's Priorities

• 1. Starting from 2010 the enrolment of girls in primary schools, will be increase by 20% resulting in 2.64 million girls being enrolled in school by the end of 2013. 60% of girls enrolled in grade 1 during 2009 reach grade 5 of the education cycle (or 210,000 girls complete grade 5 in 2013) through improved quality of teaching and learning.
• 2. 30% of all primary schools will be child-friendly or 3,300 schools practicing child friendly principles.
• 3. Literacy rates among females aged 15-24 years will be increased by 50%, through expansion of literacy centers.

UNICEF Programs in Afghanistan

Major NGO partners for UNICEF include Save the Children UK and Norway/Sweden, Terre des Hommes, CARE International, International Medical Corps, Merlin etc. In Afghanistan, the education cluster lead is UNICEF and the co-lead is Save the Children US.Examples of Past Joint Projects with UNICEF Afghanistan include:

• Education for Afghans Initiative (Save the Children and UNICEF): Multi-agency initiative to develop basic competencies of learning in mathematics and language and teaching-learning materials. Save the Children is distributing education materials, conducting a school-awareness campaign, establishing Parent-Teacher Associations and reconstructing and building schools. Save the Children is also setting up temporary tents to house classes in areas where the buildings are not ready for children.
• Rewrite the Future(Save the Children and UNICEF): Save the Children has set up many schools in Afghanistan, particularly for refugees who flee into Pakistan. In this case, Save the Children provides teachers, training, and materials while UNICEF provides tents.
• Thousand School Project (UNICEF and Japanese Government): The Government of Japan has granted $24 million in aid to education in Kabul, which is currently facing a critical shortage of teaching and learning spaces. By its completion in December, the project will have reached 48 schools and benefited over 80,000 children.
• Girls' Resource Forums (UNICEF): Created in 2009, the Girls' Resource Forumn reaches over 2,000 girls and 100 female teachers in 20 schools across the west of Afghanistan. By giving participants the chance to learn, play and discuss issues important to their lives, the forumn aims to streghten the girls' self confidence and interpersonal skills.

OLPC's work in Afghanistan and the Surrounding Region

OLPC in Afghanistan

Since 2008, OLPC has been working with the Afghan Ministry of Education on several laptop deployment projects. To date, OLPC has committed over 5,000 laptops to fourth through sixth graders throughout the country. The first project took place in Nigarhar province's Jalalbad city at Esteqlal High School, and the second deployment reached fourth through sixth graders in Kabul city. The laptops (which are fitted with Dari keyboards) are pre-installed with complete localization of all core activities in both Dari and Pashto, the MoE's standard national curriculum books, economic information for parents, health information, localized updated manuals, and information for parents about the laptop.

OLPC is currently involved in several other projects in Afghanistan, including:

• Master Teachers by Satelite for Afghanistan: It is MTSA's mission "to make available literacy and an elementary education for every little girl and little boy in Afghanistan who does not have a regular school or teacher. "MTSA has adopted the XO laptop as its technology platform to deliver education to children without schools and without teachers.
• Roshan/USAID: OLPC is providing laptops to schools in Afghanistan through a public-private partnership with USAID, the Ministry of Education, the Ministry of Communication and Information Technology, Roshan Social Programs, and Paiwastoon Networking Services.
• Creating collaborative agreementswith Afghan IT groups, including Afghanistan Information Management Services, Afghan-International Company Paiwastoon, and cellular service company Roshan.

Other resources about OLPC's work in Afghanistan:

• OLPC Afghanistan wiki page
• OLPC.af website
• "Briefing Note: OLPC in Afghanistan" by Lima Ahmad (AIMS), Kenneth Adams (AIMS), Mike Dawson (PAIWASTOON), and Carol Ruth Silver (MTSA)

OLPC in the Surrounding Region

• OLPC Pakistan
• OLPC Nepal/OLE Nepal
• OLPC Sri Lanka
• OLPC India

Other Education Development Initiatives in Afghanistan

Education Development Projects

• GTZ: Since 2002, GTZ has worked with the Afghan Ministry of Education on a variety of educational initiatives, including supporting the National Education Strategic Plan for Afghanistan. GTZ is helping improve the conditions for better basic education, teacher training and continuing education, as well as reforming the education sector in Afghanistan.
• Aga Khan Foundation: "AKDN’s activities in education include the construction and rehabilitation of schools, the construction of facilities for two Government teacher training colleges, adult literacy classes, in-service teacher training, the distribution of learning aids, as well as tutorial assistance and extra-curricular programmes in English and information technology. The Network works to support the Afghan Ministry of Education’s National Education Strategic Plan, paying special attention to female pupils and teachers. More than 93,000 pupils and 3,800 teachers benefit from AKDN activities to provide better access to quality education."
• Councils in Jurm Valley: this small corner of Afghanistan has seen vast improvements by using village councils and direct grants as part of an initiative called the National Solidarity Program, introduced by an Afghan ministry in 2003. Particularly interesting to look at the girls’ education component.
• Swedish Committee for Afghanistan: currently supports 45 model schools and 1,1000 community based education classes, where the majority of students are girls.
• PAIWASTOON: an Afghan-International company with a focus on developing sustainable solutions to "Make IT Work For Afghanistan." By specializing in open source technology, localization and online applications, PAIWASTOON seeks opportunities for technology to have a positive effect on as many Afghans as possible, as sustainably as possible. Currently working with OLPCon technical implementation of projects.
• USAID has printed over 48.5 million textbooks for grades 1-12 and is reprinting 11 million schoolbooks. Also launched the Afghanistan Primary Education Project in 2003.
  • Just for Fun: two recent reports from USAID on active learning pedagogies and building education support systems for teachers' projects.

Afghanistan Education Resources

• Agency Coordinating Body for Afghan Relief (ACBAR): an organization that serves and facilitates the work of its NGO members in order to address efficiently and effectively the humanitarian and development needs of Afghans.
• Inter-Agency Network for Education in Emergencies: an open global network of representatives from NGOs, UN agencies, donor agencies, governments, academic institutions, schools and affected populations working together to ensure all persons the right to quality and safe education in emergencies and post-crisis recovery.

About Me

My name is Gillian Javetski and I am an intern at OLPC's Cambridge office this summer. I am a senior at Tufts University, where I am double majoring in international relations and community health. I took this past semester off to work at the United Nations Development Programme's HIV/AIDS unit in Geneva. At OLPC, I will be conducting research on UN and international partnerships.

What I Am Currently Working On At OLPC

• 30 June, 2010: selecting and uploading photos for new Afghan blog posts, continuing to collect research for UNICEF Afghanistan memo.
• 1 July, 2010: created a google reader account, went through and read past blog posts on OLPC's work in Afghanistan, began uploading findings onto wiki account.
• 6 July, 2010: finalizing wiki page, worked with volunteers on IRC, continually formatting and editing http://wiki.laptop.org/go/ClassActs/Resources#OLPC_Deployment_Stories, published one blog post, revising other three.