Installing Fedora Core: Difference between revisions

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'''See [[Fedora on XO]] for how to run the Fedora 10 Linux distribution on your 2008 or 2009 XO laptop.'''



==Overview==
==Overview==


This page describes how to install Fedora Core on the One Laptop hardware. As of the writing of this document, the test-A boards have been built and distributed to quite a few people. Fedora Core does run on the hardware, with some minor changes. We'll walk you through how to make those changes.
This page describes how to install [[Fedora Core]] on '''ancient, obsolete 2006 prototype''' One Laptop per Child hardware using a USB Hard Disk Drive. As of the writing of this document, the A-Test boards have been built and distributed to several hundred people.


==Requirements==
==Requirements==
Line 7: Line 13:
===Hardware===
===Hardware===


You will need a few pieces of hardware to install the software on the Laptop board.
You will need a few pieces of hardware to install the software on the A-Test board.


* 1 test-A or pre-test-A OLPC board
* 1 A-Test (or pre-A-Test) OLPC board
* 1 USB hub
* 1 USB flash drive
* 1 USB hard drive
* 1 USB hard drive
* 1 USB ethernet adapter
* 1 USB ethernet adapter
Line 17: Line 21:
* 1 USB keyboard
* 1 USB keyboard
* 1 USB mouse
* 1 USB mouse
* 1 powered USB hub
====Why you need the ''powered'' USB hub====
* The board only has 3 USB ports, and there are 5 USB peripherals involved.
* But even if you are only using 3 USB peripherals, you still might need a powered hub, because the board's internal power converters are wimpy on ATest; fixed on later boards.


===Software===
===Software===


==Download==
Right now, you need to use the Rawhide (unstable) version of Fedora Core to install on the laptop. We will be putting our kernel changes, dependency and software changes into FC Rawhide. So our current requirements for the software include:


Get an OS image from [http://olpc.download.redhat.com/olpc/streams/development/latest/devel_ext3/ http://olpc.download.redhat.com/olpc/streams/development/latest/devel_ext3/]. You want the ".img.bz2" file, for example:
* A recent rawhide snapshot (we provide some known good snapshots)
* A place to host that snapshot on the network
* The serenity to accept that sometimes Rawhide is broken
* A strong will to live


olpc-redhat-stream-development-build-86-20060922_1506-devel_ext3.img.bz2


==Download==
==Installing==


Follow the directions at [[OS images for USB disks]], under the "Dedicated USB disk" section.
* Notes here about which versions to download


==Enlarging the Partition==
==Getting Ready to Install==


The OLPC OS images are 512MB (to fit the onboard flash), but you are installing them to a larger drive. Therefore we must enlarge the partition. Once you have transferred the image to the USB device (the 'dd' step), and synced all disks (the 'sync' step), get a root shell. Then, start the 'fdisk' command like so:
===Setting up a bootable image===


[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Insert your USB key into another Fedora machine and run the command <tt>dmesg</tt>. The output should look something like this:


Be '''sure''' to replace '/dev/sda' with the actual device name of the USB Hard Disk Drive on which you are installing the OLPC OS.
usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning
Vendor: Kingston Model: DataTraveler 2.0 Rev: 6.16
Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 00
SCSI device sda: 2004991 512-byte hdwr sectors (1027 MB)
sda: Write Protect is off
sda: Mode Sense: 45 00 00 08
sda: assuming drive cache: write through
SCSI device sda: 2004991 512-byte hdwr sectors (1027 MB)
sda: Write Protect is off
sda: Mode Sense: 45 00 00 08
sda: assuming drive cache: write through
'''sda: sda1'''
sd 3:0:0:0: Attached scsi removable disk sda
sd 3:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0
usb-storage: device scan complete


Next, type 'p' to show the current partition table:
Note the fact that this USB key has shown up as <tt>sda</tt>. You will need this in a moment.


Command (m for help): p<br>
'''Make sure the device is not mounted.''' You can do this with a simple <tt>mount</tt> command. If <tt>/dev/sda1</tt> shows up in the output, it's mounted. You can unmonut it by running <tt>umount /dev/sda1</tt>. Like so:
Disk /dev/sda: 5000 MB, 5000970240 bytes
16 heads, 62 sectors/track, 9846 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 992 * 512 = 507904 bytes<br>
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 993 492497 83 Linux
Command (m for help):


Next, you wish to delete the existing partition:
[blizzard@mobile2 images]$ mount
/dev/hda2 on / type ext3 (rw)
none on /proc type proc (rw)
none on /sys type sysfs (rw)
none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620)
/dev/hda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw)
'''/dev/sda1 on /media/Kingston type vfat (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,shortname=winnt,uid=500)'''
[blizzard@mobile2 images]$ '''sudo umount /dev/sda1'''
[blizzard@mobile2 images]$


Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1<br>


If you type 'p' again to print the partition table, you'll notice that the partition has been deleted:
Locate the Fedora rawhide tree. In that tree find the file


Command (m for help): p<br>
images/diskboot.img
Disk /dev/sda: 5000 MB, 5000970240 bytes
16 heads, 62 sectors/track, 9846 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 992 * 512 = 507904 bytes<br>
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System<br>
Command (m for help):


Next, you wish to re-create the partition with a much larger size:
This is the file that contains a bootable image that you can use to boot on the board and run the installer. You will need to copy it in a raw format to the USB key. You use this using the <tt>dd</tt> command to the '''raw device.''' Note that this is '''/dev/sda''' not '''/dev/sda1'''. This will destroy or replace any filesystems or data on this drive.


Command (m for help): n
[root@mobile2 2006-06-08-0245]# '''dd if=images/diskboot.img of=/dev/sda'''
Command action
16384+0 records in
e extended
16384+0 records out
p primary partition (1-4)
8388608 bytes (8.4 MB) copied, 1.88433 seconds, 4.5 MB/s
[root@mobile2 2006-06-08-0245]#


Type the letter 'p' here to create a new primary partition.
===Boot on the laptop===


p
Insert the USB flash drive into one of the USB ports that's directly connected to the laptop. Do not connect it through the USB hub.


Type '1' here to create primary partition number 1:
Power on the laptop board. If the BIOS detects the USB key you will see a message in the upper left hand corner of the screen that says something like:


Partition number (1-4): 1
Press F1 for Setup INITIALIZING BOOT USB DEVICE - DataTraveler 2.0
USB Storage Class Device [xxxxxxxx/xxxx/xxxx]


Just hit return here to start the partition at cylinder #1:
or


First cylinder (1-9846, default 1): 1
Press F1 for Setup INITIALIZING BOOT USB DEVICE - WD1600BB-00RDA0
USB BOOTABLE HDD DEVICE [xxxxxxxx/xxxx/xxxx]


Just hit return here to end the partition at the end of the disk:
You should see the Linux kernel being loaded and then the installer being loaded. If you don't, try the USB key in a different port or disconnecting the hub. The BIOS and USB are very flaky right now because this is a temporary BIOS until LinuxBIOS comes up on the boards. In fact, you might have to disconnect the USB hub while the kernel and initrd are loaded off the USB key and then connect it quickly once the kernel has started booting.


Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-9846, default 9846):
==Installing==
Using default value 9846<br>

You may type 'p' again to print out the new partition table:

Command (m for help): p<br>
Disk /dev/sda: 5000 MB, 5000970240 bytes
16 heads, 62 sectors/track, 9846 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 992 * 512 = 507904 bytes<br>
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 1 9846 4883615+ 83 Linux

Now, type 'w' to write the partition table to the disk and quit fdisk.

==Enlarging the filesystem==

Now that the partition is large enough, you must resize the filesystem to take advantage of all the new space. First we have to 'fsck' (file system check) the file system to ensure that it is clean. Be '''sure''' to replace the '/dev/sda1' with the actual device you are using, and make sure that you '''do''' have the '1' on the end, to specify checking of the first partition, not the entire device.

[root@localhost ~]# fsck.ext3 /dev/sda1
e2fsck 1.39 (29-May-2006)
/dev/sda1 is mounted.<br>
WARNING!!! Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause
SEVERE filesystem damage.<br>
Do you really want to continue (y/n)? yes<br>

Type 'y' here to continue checking:

OLPCRoot: recovering journal
OLPCRoot: clean, 18986/123464 files, 337653/492496 blocks
[root@localhost ~]#

Next, you will resize the actual filesystem. Choose a size that matches or is slightly less than the size of your actual USB hard disk drive. resize2fs will warn you if the size you chose is too big. In that case, just readjust the size and try again.

[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/sda1 4500M
resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem at /dev/sda1 is mounted on /media/OLPCRoot; on-line resizing required
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/sda1 to 4608000 (1k) blocks.

When that step is complete (it could take a while), type 'sync' to ensure data is flushed to disk. '''Wait until the disk activity light has stopped''' before unplugging the disk.

==Done!==

You may now connect the drive to an OLPC developer board and boot it.

==Additional Setup==

The OLPC OS images are set up to automatically start [[Sugar]]. You may not want this. After booting and arriving at the Sugar login screen, switch to a virtual terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1 all at the same time. You will then see a login prompt. You may log in as 'root' with no password. Change the password to something secure!!! Next, remove the contents of /etc/sysconfig/desktop and leave the file blank to stop sugar from starting by default.

==Adding more software to the system==

Since the OLPC images are quite stripped due to the 512MB requirement, you may wish to install additional software. Before installing either a Gnome or KDE environment, you must resolve a conflict between Sugar's artwork package, and the normal Fedora artwork package.

First, try to install redhat-artwork:

yum install redhat-artwork

This will download redhat-artwork and its dependencies. When 'yum' asks:

Is this ok [y/N]:


Type 'y' to proceed. The install will fail with a file conflict for /etc/gtk-2.0/gtkrc. That's fine, we'll proceed to force-install redhat-artwork and it's fedora-logos dependency:
Congratulations! Now you've made it to the Linux installer boot screen. From here you should type


-bash-3.1# cd /var/cache/yum/development/packages
linux selinux=0 text
-bash-3.1# rpm -Uhv redhat-artwork-5.0.7-1.fc6.i386.rpm fedora-logos-6.0.6-1.fc6.noarch --force


Note that your package versions might be slightly different; that's fine. Replace the filenames in the command above with the versions in the 'packages' directory. Now you may install your desktop environment of choice.
and hit return to enter the text mode installer. The graphical installer will not run on this machine because it does not have enough memory. We disable selinux during this install because for some reason it turns a 40 minute install into a 4 hour ordeal. We aren't sure why. Please note the above instructions that say that you might have to plug the USB hub in after the initrd has been loaded and the kernel starts up due to problems with the USB stack and the BIOS.


===Installing Gnome===
You may also have to remove the USB plug for the keyboard and plug it back in again once the kernel has started. Once again, USB and BIOS bugs. Just don't be alarmed if your keyboard suddenly doesn't work.


To install a Gnome desktop environment, run:
From here you need to pick your install type. We've been using HTTP installs and we have D-Link USB ethernet devices that require that we pick the <tt>asix</tt> driver. We're going to assume you know how to set up a web server or nfs server to install from and you know how to set your network settings so that it can find it.


-bash-3.1# yum install nautilus gedit gdm gnome-panel gnome-session
When you're setting up a partition table I suggest that you use the smallest configuration possible. This means no logical volume groups. Just three partitions:


This will download and install the major pieces of the GNOME desktop. When 'yum' asks:
/dev/sda1 /boot (about 128MB)
/dev/sda2 swap (about 500MB)
/dev/sda3 and / (everything else)


Is this ok [y/N]:
This makes it very easy to fix things later. Because we are going to have to fix things later.


Type 'y' to proceed. If yum fails due to dependency issues, you may need to wait until the problem gets fixed, or you may file a bug at [http://bugzilla.redhat.com Red Hat Bugzilla].
Once you've partitioned you might have to restart to get the new partition table. Make sure you do restart instead of just trying to forge ahead.


===Installing KDE===
Follow the installer prompts until you get to package selection. You should be able to install the packages you want, but be warned that picking a lot of packages will take a long time on this machine. We usually install a minimal system (unselect all the high level packages) and then install packages as we need.


If you would like the KDE environment, you could type:
==Fixing post-install==


* After the install fix the bootdisk (rescue)
yum install kdebase kdeutils
* take apart the initrd
* fix up the usb modules and sleep
* put it all back together
* make sure the initrd is rebuild


This will download and install the major pieces of the KDE desktop. When 'yum' asks:
==Common Errors==


Is this ok [y/N]:
* "invalid file system" on boot
* kernel panic on boot


Type 'y' to proceed. If yum fails due to dependency issues, you may need to wait until the problem gets fixed, or you may file a bug at [http://bugzilla.redhat.com Red Hat Bugzilla].
[[Category:Developers]]

Latest revision as of 23:04, 5 November 2008

Stop hand.png WARNING:
The content of this section is considered
DEPRECATED and OBSOLETE
It is preserved for historical or documenting reasons.

See Fedora on XO for how to run the Fedora 10 Linux distribution on your 2008 or 2009 XO laptop.


Overview

This page describes how to install Fedora Core on ancient, obsolete 2006 prototype One Laptop per Child hardware using a USB Hard Disk Drive. As of the writing of this document, the A-Test boards have been built and distributed to several hundred people.

Requirements

Hardware

You will need a few pieces of hardware to install the software on the A-Test board.

  • 1 A-Test (or pre-A-Test) OLPC board
  • 1 USB hard drive
  • 1 USB ethernet adapter
  • 1 external VGA-compatible monitor for display
  • 1 USB keyboard
  • 1 USB mouse
  • 1 powered USB hub

Why you need the powered USB hub

  • The board only has 3 USB ports, and there are 5 USB peripherals involved.
  • But even if you are only using 3 USB peripherals, you still might need a powered hub, because the board's internal power converters are wimpy on ATest; fixed on later boards.

Software

Download

Get an OS image from http://olpc.download.redhat.com/olpc/streams/development/latest/devel_ext3/. You want the ".img.bz2" file, for example: 

olpc-redhat-stream-development-build-86-20060922_1506-devel_ext3.img.bz2

Installing

Follow the directions at OS images for USB disks, under the "Dedicated USB disk" section.

Enlarging the Partition

The OLPC OS images are 512MB (to fit the onboard flash), but you are installing them to a larger drive. Therefore we must enlarge the partition. Once you have transferred the image to the USB device (the 'dd' step), and synced all disks (the 'sync' step), get a root shell. Then, start the 'fdisk' command like so: 

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sda

Be sure to replace '/dev/sda' with the actual device name of the USB Hard Disk Drive on which you are installing the OLPC OS.

Next, type 'p' to show the current partition table: 

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 5000 MB, 5000970240 bytes
16 heads, 62 sectors/track, 9846 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 992 * 512 = 507904 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1               1         993      492497   83  Linux
Command (m for help):

Next, you wish to delete the existing partition: 

Command (m for help): d
Selected partition 1

If you type 'p' again to print the partition table, you'll notice that the partition has been deleted: 

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 5000 MB, 5000970240 bytes
16 heads, 62 sectors/track, 9846 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 992 * 512 = 507904 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System

Command (m for help):

Next, you wish to re-create the partition with a much larger size: 

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)

Type the letter 'p' here to create a new primary partition. 

p

Type '1' here to create primary partition number 1: 

Partition number (1-4): 1

Just hit return here to start the partition at cylinder #1: 

First cylinder (1-9846, default 1): 1

Just hit return here to end the partition at the end of the disk: 

Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-9846, default 9846): 
Using default value 9846

You may type 'p' again to print out the new partition table: 

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/sda: 5000 MB, 5000970240 bytes
16 heads, 62 sectors/track, 9846 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 992 * 512 = 507904 bytes

   Device Boot      Start         End      Blocks   Id  System
/dev/sda1               1        9846     4883615+  83  Linux

Now, type 'w' to write the partition table to the disk and quit fdisk.

Enlarging the filesystem

Now that the partition is large enough, you must resize the filesystem to take advantage of all the new space. First we have to 'fsck' (file system check) the file system to ensure that it is clean. Be sure to replace the '/dev/sda1' with the actual device you are using, and make sure that you do have the '1' on the end, to specify checking of the first partition, not the entire device. 

[root@localhost ~]# fsck.ext3 /dev/sda1
e2fsck 1.39 (29-May-2006)
/dev/sda1 is mounted.

WARNING!!!  Running e2fsck on a mounted filesystem may cause
SEVERE filesystem damage.

Do you really want to continue (y/n)? yes

Type 'y' here to continue checking: 

OLPCRoot: recovering journal
OLPCRoot: clean, 18986/123464 files, 337653/492496 blocks
[root@localhost ~]#

Next, you will resize the actual filesystem. Choose a size that matches or is slightly less than the size of your actual USB hard disk drive. resize2fs will warn you if the size you chose is too big. In that case, just readjust the size and try again. 

[root@localhost ~]# resize2fs /dev/sda1 4500M
resize2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem at /dev/sda1 is mounted on /media/OLPCRoot; on-line resizing required
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/sda1 to 4608000 (1k) blocks.

When that step is complete (it could take a while), type 'sync' to ensure data is flushed to disk. Wait until the disk activity light has stopped before unplugging the disk.

Done!

You may now connect the drive to an OLPC developer board and boot it.

Additional Setup

The OLPC OS images are set up to automatically start Sugar. You may not want this. After booting and arriving at the Sugar login screen, switch to a virtual terminal by pressing Ctrl+Alt+F1 all at the same time. You will then see a login prompt. You may log in as 'root' with no password. Change the password to something secure!!! Next, remove the contents of /etc/sysconfig/desktop and leave the file blank to stop sugar from starting by default.

Adding more software to the system

Since the OLPC images are quite stripped due to the 512MB requirement, you may wish to install additional software. Before installing either a Gnome or KDE environment, you must resolve a conflict between Sugar's artwork package, and the normal Fedora artwork package.

First, try to install redhat-artwork: 

yum install redhat-artwork

This will download redhat-artwork and its dependencies. When 'yum' asks: 

Is this ok [y/N]:

Type 'y' to proceed. The install will fail with a file conflict for /etc/gtk-2.0/gtkrc. That's fine, we'll proceed to force-install redhat-artwork and it's fedora-logos dependency: 

-bash-3.1# cd /var/cache/yum/development/packages
-bash-3.1# rpm -Uhv redhat-artwork-5.0.7-1.fc6.i386.rpm fedora-logos-6.0.6-1.fc6.noarch --force

Note that your package versions might be slightly different; that's fine. Replace the filenames in the command above with the versions in the 'packages' directory. Now you may install your desktop environment of choice.

Installing Gnome

To install a Gnome desktop environment, run: 

-bash-3.1# yum install nautilus gedit gdm gnome-panel gnome-session

This will download and install the major pieces of the GNOME desktop. When 'yum' asks: 

Is this ok [y/N]:

Type 'y' to proceed. If yum fails due to dependency issues, you may need to wait until the problem gets fixed, or you may file a bug at Red Hat Bugzilla.

Installing KDE

If you would like the KDE environment, you could type: 

yum install kdebase kdeutils

This will download and install the major pieces of the KDE desktop. When 'yum' asks: 

Is this ok [y/N]:

Type 'y' to proceed. If yum fails due to dependency issues, you may need to wait until the problem gets fixed, or you may file a bug at Red Hat Bugzilla.

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