Help Activity refresh/Chapter/Terminal

Ed Cherlin is editing the Terminal manual at FLOSS Manuals.

About Terminal

Terminal is a full-screen text mode program that provides a Command-Line Interface (CLI) to the software on a Linux system, such as the Fedora Linux that Sugar on the XO is based on. Users type (sometimes cryptic) commands to perform file management, system administration, or in fact almost anything that can be done within Linux that does not involve graphics or video. For example, typing pwd (Print name of current/Working Directory) at the command line in the home directory gives that location as /home/olpc, and typing ls at the command line in /home/olpc in a fresh installation of Sugar 0.94.1 in English results in this listing of its contents.

Activities Documents Library Pictures Public Videos Desktop Downloads Music power-logs Templates

Where to get Terminal

Terminal is provided with Sugar on every XO. However, by default it is not selected for display in the Home view as a Favorite.

• To select Terminal as a Favorite, go to Home view, then click the List view icon. Type Te into the search box. Click the star next to Terminal. When you switch back to the ring of icons in Home view, Terminal will be visible.

• Alternatively, you can leave Terminal unselected, and start it from list view by clicking its icon or selecting Start from its hover menu.

If for some reason Terminal is not installed, it can be downloaded from its Activity page and installed as described at PAGE NOT WRITTEN.

Using Terminal

• Type commands with options that modify their effects and arguments, usually file names or other indications of where to get input and where to put output.

Examples: pwd and ls, as shown above

• Chain programs together, so that the following program processes the output of the earlier program.

ls | grep "Sugar"

Get a listing of the current directory, but show only lines where the file or directory name includes the text "Sugar". The | symbol, read pipe, represents the data link between the programs.

• Get information on programs. For example, many commands respond to the -h or --help options with a concise summary.

grep -h Usage: grep [OPTION]... PATTERN [FILE]... Try `grep --help' for more information.

The man and info utilities are unfortunately not available on XOs, but will undoubtedly be included in Sugar whenever the XO of that time is capacious enough for all of the manual and information pages in all of the supported languages.

The Toolbars

• Activity: Name this session, Exit
• Edit (scissors icon) Copy and Paste
• View (eye icon) Increase or Decrease font size; Full Screen
• Tabs: Open new tab; Close current tab; Next tab; Previous tab
• Become root, that is, give yourself permission to perform restricted (and sometimes dangerous) functions

Learning with Terminal

Terminal is essential to learning advanced Linux functions, such as system administration, compiling software, and many other such topics.

Extending Terminal

Users have the option of installing text-mode software that works in a terminal window. Examples include text editors such as pico, or file managers such as Midnight Commander. MC simplifies many command line activities for the user, providing equivalents to many command in menus and text windows. To install mc, enter

yum install mc

This invokes the Yellow Dog Update Manager to install the Red Hat/Fedora package for mc, including the program, documentation, and other files. Then the user can type mc at the command line and get a two-panel display of files in the same or different directories, together with function buttons and menus for creating and deleting directories, moving or copying files, viewing or editing files, changing file permissions, and much more.

See the FLOSS Manuals manuals

• Terminal about the Sugar Terminal activity
• Introduction to the Command Line for a user's tutorial on command line functions

Credits

• Sayamindu
• Wadeb
• Activity Team