USB drive: Difference between revisions

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{{G1G1 Support FAQ}}
{{G1G1 Support FAQ}}


USB drives include USB flash drives (sometimes known as "memory sticks") and USB hard drives.
USB drives include [[wikipedia:USB flash drive|USB flash drive]]s (known as "memory sticks", "USB keys", "thumb drives" or "jump drives") and also larger USB hard drives.


The [http://en.flossmanuals.net/Sugar/TheJournal Sugar Manual] and [[Image:activity-help.svg|30px]] has more information and graphics to help you.
The [http://en.flossmanuals.net/sugar/ch012_the-journal/ Sugar Manual] and [[File:activity-help.svg|30px|link=http://laptop.org/8.2.0/manual/]] has more information and graphics to help you.


== Using ==
== How to install and mount==


Insert the USB drive in one of three USB ports on the side of the [http://www.laptop.org/en/laptop/start/externalports.shtml display ] of the laptop. The SD card inserts into a slot under the display.
Insert the USB drive in one of three USB ports on the side of the [http://www.laptop.org/en/laptop/start/externalports.shtml display] of the laptop.


=== Viewing ===
== Accessing the USB drive ==


Go to the [[Journal Activity|Journal]], which you can access from the [http://www.laptop.org/laptop/start/homeview.shtml Home View]. Select the notebook icon just below the XO character to open the Journal.
Go to the [[Journal Activity|Journal]], which you can access from the [http://www.laptop.org/laptop/start/homeview.shtml Home View]. Select the notebook icon just below the XO character to open the Journal.
Line 16: Line 16:


[[Image:Journal-USB.gif]]
[[Image:Journal-USB.gif]]

Click on the USB icon to view the files on the USB drive. Click on the journal icon to return to the journal.


=== Copying a file from the Journal to the USB drive ===
=== Copying a file from the Journal to the USB drive ===
* click on the journal icon,
To copy a file from the Journal to the USB drive, move the cursor over the Journal item and drag it to the USB icon.
* move the cursor over the Journal item and drag it to the USB icon.


=== Copying a file from the USB drive to the Journal ===
=== Copying a file from the USB drive to the Journal ===
* click on the USB icon,
To copy a file from the USB drive to the XO, click on the USB icon itself (rather than the number or text above the word "Unmount"), then drag the item from the USB drive to the journal icon.
* move the cursor over the USB item and drag it to the journal icon.


=== Removing the USB drive ===
=== Removing the USB drive ===
⚫
To remove the USB drive, mouse over the USB icon itself and click on the word "Unmount". When the USB icon disappears, it is safe to remove the USB drive.


⚫
Right-click or move the mouse over the USB icon, wait for the menu, and click on "Unmount". Wait for the USB icon to disappear. Pull out the USB drive.
== USB drives and firmware ==
⚫
The XO's [[firmware]] can access a USB drive during boot, for example to upgrade system software or write a new image.
<!-- this information should go in all USB update files, it's also in [[olpc-update]] -->
⚫
For the flash drive to be compatible with firmware, make sure that your USB flash drive is formatted as FAT or FAT32, and only contains one partition.
Most ordinary USB flash drives are set up this way, except "U3" flash drives which won't work.
Remove U3 with uninstall software from http://www.u3.com/uninstall


== GNOME ==
Other USB Flash Drives *Confirmed* Incompatible with XO's as of Dec 20, 2008:


A window will appear when a USB drive is inserted. The window will show the contents of the USB drive. An eject icon within the window can be used to safely remove the drive.
* Kingston DataTraveler (1GB). These all-black USB flash drives were purchased by OLPC late Nov 2008, and none of them work when reflashing 656 to 767. [[Mitch Bradley]] says:


== Shell ==
[http://dev.laptop.org/ticket/5354 The bug] was fixed in firmware Q2D08 (and in all subsequent firmware versions), but unfortunately, the firmware that's included with OS656 is Q2D07. The best solution is to update to the latest firmware, which at the time of this writing is [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_Firmware_q2e24 Q2E24]. But note that the Kingston DataTraveler 1G device also has problems under Linux during the initramfs stage, see [http://dev.laptop.org/ticket/8088] .


⚫
The Journal automatically mounts the USB drive at ''/run/media/olpc'' based on the drive's disk label, for example <tt>/run/media/olpc/''KINGSTON''/</tt>.
To update the firmware:
⚫
You can use [[Linux software|Linux commands]] in the [[Terminal activity]] to access its files.
⚫
For example <tt>cp tmp/* /run/media/olpc/''My_drives_name''</tt>


== Compatibility ==
If you have a USB key that works with Q2D07, just download the new firmware onto it and type:


=== U3 ===
ok flash u:\q2e24.rom


Some USB drives come with the U3 software pre-installed. U3 is software for a Windows PC, and it may prevent successful mounting of the drive on the XO laptop. Further, presence of the U3 software on a drive may cause the XO to incompletely mount the drive, in such a way that even if you can remove the U3 software, the remnants of the incomplete mount will still prevent a successful mount. Re-formatting the USB drive from a Windows computer may remove the U3 software and any remnants of an prior incomplete mount. Further details on disabling the CD-ROM emulation feature can be found on at [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U3 U3] (Wikipedia).
If you have an SD or MMC card, put the firmware on it and type:


=== Open Firmware ===
ok flash sd:\q2e24.rom
⚫
The XO's [[firmware]] can access a USB drive during boot, for example to upgrade system software or write a new image.

If you have internet access via an open wireless access point type the following, replacing "myssid" below with the SSID of your access point:

ok ssid myssid
ok flash http:\\dev.laptop.org\pub\firmware\q2e24\q2e24.rom

If your only media is a DataTraveler 1G USB key, you can patch OFW to work with it as follows:

ok dev /usb/disk
ok : rbx read-block-extent if 200 ms read-block-extent else false then ;
ok patch rbx read-block-extent open
ok dend
ok flash u:\q2e14.rom


Most USB drives should work.
If you have a secure machine without a developer key and you cannot get a working USB key or SD card, you could update to a new signed OS image via wireless. To do that you will need a wireless access point on which you can change the SSID and an HTTP server on which you can set the server's IP address.


Some USB drives require features of a complete operating system, and may not work reliably with [[Open Firmware]]. You can test compatibility with Open Firmware by using the ''dir'' command at the [[Ok]] prompt:
* Set the server IP address to 172.18.0.1.
* Set the wireless access point's SSID to "OLPCOFW" (without the quotes)
* Turn off security on the access point, so it is "open".
* Put the signed OS update image file "fs.zip" and the corresponding "osNNN.img" file in the server's HTTP root directory.
* Remove all external media (USB, SD) from the XO
* Power on the XO and immediately hold down all four game buttons above the power key. Press them quite firmly to ensure that all four are down - you have to press harder than you think.


ok dir u:\
The XO should say:


If this command shows the files on the USB drive, then the combination of (a) Open Firmware version, (b) the USB drive and (c) the filesystem on the drive, is likely to work for upgrading system software or firmware. You should proceed with hope. If an error is displayed by the ''dir'' command, then the possible causes are:
Release the game key to continue


*unrecognised partition table, (such as GPT used by Mac OS X),
Release the game keys, and it should proceed to:
*unrecognised partition type, (such as HFS+ used by Mac OS X. Partition types known by Open Firmware include ISO9660, FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, ext2, and ext3),
*there are multiple partitions and the first partition is not recognised, (your host operating system may freely access the second partition without knowing about the first partition, resulting in files being copied to the drive fine, but not being visible in Open Firmware),
*the drive is a specialised device such as [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U3 U3], which asserts that it is a hub with a CD-ROM and mass storage drive attached,
*Open Firmware may need upgrading,
*faulty USB drive,
*faulty laptop.


⚫
For a flash drive to be compatible with firmware, make sure it is formatted as FAT, FAT32, ext2, or ext3, and only contains one partition. Most ordinary USB flash drives are set up by factory as FAT or FAT32.
Trying disk:\fs.zip
Trying sd:\fs.zip
Trying http:\\172.18.0.1\fs.zip
Scan for OLPCOFW found
Associate with OLPCOFW


Several USB flash drives were found to be incompatible with older firmware versions. If you have a problem with a USB flash drive in Open Firmware, please make sure you try [[Upgrading firmware|upgrading firmware]].
If your server and access point are setup correctly, the XO should proceed to download the signed image and reflash the NAND with it. It will take several minutes to complete the process. If all goes well, the next time that you reboot the machine, OFW will discover a new signed firmware image on the NAND filesystem and will update itself.


== For advanced users ==
== See also ==
* [[How to Damage a FLASH Storage Device]] is a detailed page telling you how to degrade the performance and reliability of FLASH-based storage devices such as SD cards and USB flash drives. And by implication, how not to damage them.


* [[Secure Digital card]] - the XO also has a slot for an SD/SDHC memory card, which you can access from the Journal and Terminal in a similar manner. The XO-1.5 uses an internal microSD card.
⚫
The USB drive's filesystem is automatically mounted under '''/media''' based on the drive's disk label, for example <tt>/media/''KINGSTON''/</tt>
⚫
You can use [[Linux software|Linux commands]] such as <tt>df</tt> in the [[Terminal activity]] to access its files.
⚫
For example <tt>cp tmp/* /media/''My_drives_name''</tt>


[[How to Damage a FLASH Storage Device]] is a detailed page telling you how to degrade the performance and reliability of FLASH-based storage devices like SD cards and USB keys (pendrive, etc). And by implication, how not to damage them.
* [[SD and USB FLASH Drive Performance]] discusses the performance of drives and how to measure them.
<!--
=== Use it in liue of the XO's hard disk space ===
Start up the [[Terminal activity]],
cd ..


[[Category:Hardware]]
mv olpc olpc2-->

Latest revision as of 04:01, 13 August 2013

This page is part of the XO Support FAQ.     Support Index | Print This Page
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USB drives include USB flash drives (known as "memory sticks", "USB keys", "thumb drives" or "jump drives") and also larger USB hard drives.

The Sugar Manual and Activity-help.svg has more information and graphics to help you.

Using

Insert the USB drive in one of three USB ports on the side of the display of the laptop.

Viewing

Go to the Journal, which you can access from the Home View. Select the notebook icon just below the XO character to open the Journal.

The USB icon Usbkey.png appears in the lower left corner of the display.

Journal-USB.gif

Click on the USB icon to view the files on the USB drive. Click on the journal icon to return to the journal.

Copying a file from the Journal to the USB drive

  • click on the journal icon,
  • move the cursor over the Journal item and drag it to the USB icon.

Copying a file from the USB drive to the Journal

  • click on the USB icon,
  • move the cursor over the USB item and drag it to the journal icon.

Removing the USB drive

Right-click or move the mouse over the USB icon, wait for the menu, and click on "Unmount". Wait for the USB icon to disappear. Pull out the USB drive.

GNOME

A window will appear when a USB drive is inserted. The window will show the contents of the USB drive. An eject icon within the window can be used to safely remove the drive.

Shell

The Journal automatically mounts the USB drive at /run/media/olpc based on the drive's disk label, for example /run/media/olpc/KINGSTON/. You can use Linux commands in the Terminal activity to access its files. For example cp tmp/* /run/media/olpc/My_drives_name

Compatibility

U3

Some USB drives come with the U3 software pre-installed. U3 is software for a Windows PC, and it may prevent successful mounting of the drive on the XO laptop. Further, presence of the U3 software on a drive may cause the XO to incompletely mount the drive, in such a way that even if you can remove the U3 software, the remnants of the incomplete mount will still prevent a successful mount. Re-formatting the USB drive from a Windows computer may remove the U3 software and any remnants of an prior incomplete mount. Further details on disabling the CD-ROM emulation feature can be found on at U3 (Wikipedia).

Open Firmware

The XO's firmware can access a USB drive during boot, for example to upgrade system software or write a new image.

Most USB drives should work.

Some USB drives require features of a complete operating system, and may not work reliably with Open Firmware. You can test compatibility with Open Firmware by using the dir command at the Ok prompt: 

ok dir u:\

If this command shows the files on the USB drive, then the combination of (a) Open Firmware version, (b) the USB drive and (c) the filesystem on the drive, is likely to work for upgrading system software or firmware. You should proceed with hope. If an error is displayed by the dir command, then the possible causes are:

  • unrecognised partition table, (such as GPT used by Mac OS X),
  • unrecognised partition type, (such as HFS+ used by Mac OS X. Partition types known by Open Firmware include ISO9660, FAT12, FAT16, FAT32, ext2, and ext3),
  • there are multiple partitions and the first partition is not recognised, (your host operating system may freely access the second partition without knowing about the first partition, resulting in files being copied to the drive fine, but not being visible in Open Firmware),
  • the drive is a specialised device such as U3, which asserts that it is a hub with a CD-ROM and mass storage drive attached,
  • Open Firmware may need upgrading,
  • faulty USB drive,
  • faulty laptop.

For a flash drive to be compatible with firmware, make sure it is formatted as FAT, FAT32, ext2, or ext3, and only contains one partition. Most ordinary USB flash drives are set up by factory as FAT or FAT32.

Several USB flash drives were found to be incompatible with older firmware versions. If you have a problem with a USB flash drive in Open Firmware, please make sure you try upgrading firmware.

See also

  • How to Damage a FLASH Storage Device is a detailed page telling you how to degrade the performance and reliability of FLASH-based storage devices such as SD cards and USB flash drives. And by implication, how not to damage them.
  • Secure Digital card - the XO also has a slot for an SD/SDHC memory card, which you can access from the Journal and Terminal in a similar manner. The XO-1.5 uses an internal microSD card.
Retrieved from "http://wiki.laptop.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=USB_drive&oldid=291387"