Keyboard layouts: Difference between revisions

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It is obvious that each typable writing system has to have its own keyboard layouts. In addition, there are numerous rearrangements of keyboards for specific languages and countries. Many languages require specific letters not used in other languages. As a result, most [[locales]] have their own keyboard layouts, in some cases several.
It is obvious that each typable writing system has to have its own keyboard layouts. In addition, there are numerous rearrangements of keyboards for specific languages and countries. Many languages require specific letters not used in other languages. As a result, most [[locales]] have their own keyboard layouts, in some cases several.


The following examples, from Debian Linux keyboard layouts, are all incomplete. For alphabets with upper- and lower-case, only the lower-case is shown. No attempt has been made to indicate combining diacritics and other composed characters. See the images linked from the various language names for further details.
The following examples, from Debian Linux keyboard layouts, are all incomplete. For alphabets with upper- and lower-case,

See also [[Keyboard Files]] for an explanation of Linux keyboard definitions, and [[Debian keyboards]] for a list of keyboard layouts included in Debian Linux. Where a Debian keyboard file exists, its name is appended to the layout names below.

==Latin Alphabet==
Latin keyboards mostly fall into a few basic arrangements, with many lesser variations to accommodate special characters. The most common are

==QWERTY==
===US===
Standard English-language keyboard

setxkbmap -layout us

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
q w e r t y u i o p [ ] \
a s d f g h j k l ; ´
z x c v b n m , . /

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/azeri_latin.htm Azerbaijani]===
setxkbmap -layout az

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
q ü e r t y u i o p ö ğ \
a s d f g h j k l ı ə
z x c v b n m ç ş .

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/vietnamese.htm Vietnamese]===
setxkbmap -layout vn

` ă â ê ô ` ~' đ - ₫
q w e r t y u i o p ư ơ \
a s d f g h j k l ; '
z x c v b n m , . /

===Dvorak dvorak===

[http://www.language-keyboard.com/dvorak.htm US Alternate Standard Keyboard] (ASK)

[http://www.nssn.org/search/DetailResults.aspx?docid=337890&selnode= ANSI X3.207:1991] (previously X4.22-1983), "Alternate Keyboard Arrangement for Alphanumeric Machines"

setxkbmap -layout us -variant dvorak

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 [ ]
' , . p y f g c r l / = \
a o e u i d h t n s -
; q j k x b m w v z

Dvorak Classic, as originally designed by August Dvorak

setxkbmap -layout us -variant dvorak-classic

` [ 7 5 3 1 9 0 2 4 6 8 ]
/ , . p y f g c r l ' = \
a o e u i d h t n s -
; q j k x b m w v z

[http://www.language-keyboard.com/dvorak_left-handed.htm Dvorak left hand only]

setxkbmap -layout us -variant dvorak-l

` [ ] p f m l j 4 3 2 1 \
; q b y u r s o ^ 6 5 =
k c d t h e a z 8 7 -
' x g v w n i , 0 9

[http://www.language-keyboard.com/dvorak_right-handed.htm Dvorak right hand only]

setxkbmap -layout us -variant dvorak-r

` 1 2 3 4 j l m f p / [ ]
5 6 q > o r s u y b ; =
7 8 z a e h t d c k -
9 0 x , i n w v g '

Norwegian Dvorak

setxkbmap -layout no -variant dvorak

| 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 + \
å , . p y f g c r l ' ~ <
a o e u i d h t n s -
æ q j k x b m w v z

Swedish Dvorak

setxkbmap -layout se -variant dvorak

§ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 +
å ä ö p y f g c r l , "'
a o e u i d h t n s -
. q j k x b m w v z

Dvorak has too many issues to be a mainstream alternative to QWERTY. These problems are explained on the [http://colemak.com/FAQ#What.27s_wrong_with_the_Dvorak_layout.3F Colemak FAQ]. --[[User:Jj05|Jj05]] 13:17, 19 December 2006 (EST)

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/french_layout.htm French AZERTY fr_FR]===

setxkbmap -layout fr

² & é " ' ( - è _ ç à ) =
a z e r t y u i o p ^$ *
q s d f g h j k l m ù
w x c v b n , ; : !

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/german_keyboards.htm German QWERTZ de]===

setxkbmap -layout de

^ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ß
q w e r t z u i o p ü + #
a s d f g h j k l ö ä
y x c v b n m , . -

===Congo cd===

setxkbmap -layout cd

` & ́ ̀ ( { } ) ̂ ̌ ̈ - =
a w e r t y u i o p ɛ * "
q s d f g h j k l m ɔ
z x c v b n , ; ! '

==[http://www.language-keyboard.com/greek.htm Greek el]==
Follows various Latin layouts to some degree. There are a number of other Greek layouts, including Polytonic Greek for Classical literature.

setxkbmap -layout el

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
; ς ε ρ τ υ θ ι ο π [ ] \
α σ δ φ γ η ξ κ λ ''
ζ χ ψ ω β ν μ , . /

Recently the name of the Greek layout changed from "el" to "gr" in the sources of Xorg. The current OLPC images use the "gr" layout for Greek.

The above line allows to write in Greek only. This causes issues when typing a new URL in the browser or trying to logon to a service where the credentials are in English. A recommended setxkbmap line would look like

setxkbmap -layout "gr,us" -option "grp:alt_shift_toggle" -variant ",extended"

The default layout is Greek, the user can switch between US English with Alt-Shift, and we use the "extended" variant of Greek that supports writing the Euro sign.

Alternatively, one can modify /etc/X11/xorg.conf adding
<pre>
Option "XkbLayout" "us,el"
Option "XkbOptions" "grp:ctrl_shift_toggle"
</pre>

==Cyrillic==
There are four keyboard layouts for Russian, with variants for other languages written in Cyrillic. During the Soviet period, there were more than 200 of them. Several of the newly independent states of Central Asia have changed to other alphabets, according to national preference, including Arabic, Latin, and Mongolian. (The independent former Soviet republic of Mongolia returned to Cyrillic soon thereafter. The Chinese province of Mongolia continues to use its traditional alphabet.)

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/russian_layout.htm Russian ru]===
This is the standard Russian layout for Linux systems.
ё 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
й ц у к е н г ш щ з х ъ \
ф ы в а п р о л д ж э
я ч с м и т ь б ю /

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/ukrainian_layout.htm Ukrainian ua]===
' 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
й ц у к е н г ш щ з х ї ґ
ф і в а п р о л д ж є
я ч с м и т ь б ю /

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/mongolian_cyrillic_layout.htm Mongolian mn]===

= 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 е щ
ф ц у ж э н г ш ү з к ъ !
й ы б ө а х р о л д п
я ч ё с м и т ь в ю

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/uzbek_layout.htm Uzbek uz]===

ё 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 ў қ
й ц у к е н г ш х ъ ғ ҳ \
ф з в а п р о л д ж э
я ч с м и т ь б ю .

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/stickers/tajiki_keyboard_stickers.jpg Tajik tj]===

ё 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
й ц у к е н г ш ¸ з х ъ \
ф ы в а п р о л д ж э
я ч с м и т ь б ю /

==Indic==

[http://java.sun.com/products/jfc/tsc/articles/InputMethod/indiclayout.html INSCRIPT keyboards] for

===Bengali (Bangladesh) bd===
setxkbmap -layout bd

` ১ ২ ৩ ৪ ৫ ৬ ৭ ৮ ৯ ০ - =
ঙ য ড প ট চ জ হ গ ড় [ ] \
ৃ ু ি ব ্ া ক ত দ ; '
ঁ ো ে র ন স ম , . /

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/stickers/bengali_keyboard_stickers.jpg Bengali (India) ben]===
setxkbmap -layout in -variant ben

১ ২ ৩ ৪ ৫ ৬ ৭ ৮ ৯ ০ - ঋ
ৌ ৈ া ী ূ ব হ গ দ জ ড ় \
ো ে ্ ি ু প র ক ত চ ট
z ং ম ন ব ল স , . য়

setxkbmap -layout in -variant ben_probhat

` ১ ২ ৩ ৪ ৫ ৬ ৭ ৮ ৯ ০ ‌ =
দ ূ ী র ট এ ু ি ও প ে ো \
া স ড ত গ হ জ ক ল ; '
য় শ চ আ ব ন ম , । ্

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/hindi.htm Devanagari dev]===
setxkbmap -layout in -variant deva

ॊ १ २ ३ ४ ५ ६ ७ ८ ९ ० ः ृ
ौ ै ा ी ू ब ह ग द ज ड ़ ॉ
ो े ् ि ु प र क त च ट
ॆ ं म न व ल स , . य

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/gujarati.htm Gujarati guj]===
setxkbmap -layout in -variant guj

૧ ૨ ૩ ૪ ૫ ૬ ૭ ૮ ૯ ૦ - ઋ
ૌ ૈ ા ી ૂ બ હ ગ દ જ ડ ઼ ૉ
ો ે ્ િ ુ પ ર ક ત ચ ટ
z ં મ ન વ લ સ , . ય

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/punjabi.htm Punjabi in Gurmukhi alphabet gur]===
setxkbmap -layout in -variant guru

੧ ੨ ੩ ੪ ੫ ੬ ੭ ੮ ੯ ੦
ੌ ੈ ਾ ੀ ੂ ਬ ਹ ਗ ਦ ਜ ਡ ਼ \
ੋ ੇ ੍ ਿ ੁ ਪ ਰ ਕ ਤ ਚ ਟ
z ਂ ਮ ਨ ਵ ਲ ਸ , . ਯ

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/kannada.htm Kannada kan]===
setxkbmap -layout in -variant kan

ೊ ೧ ೨ ೩ ೪ ೫ ೬ ೭ ೮ ೯ ೦ ಃ ೃ
ೌ ೈ ಾ ೀ ೂ ಬ ಹ ಗ ದ ಜ ಡ ಼ \
ೋ ೇ ್ ಿ ು ಪ ರ ಕ ತ ಚ ಟ
ೆ ಂ ಮ ನ ವ ಲ ಸ , . ಯ

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/stickers/malayalam_keyboard_stickers.jpg Malayalam ml]===
setxkbmap -layout in -variant mal

ൊ ൧ ൨ ൩ ൪ ൫ ൬ ൭ ൮ ൯ ൦ - ൃ
ൌ ൈ ാ ീ ൂ ബ ഹ ഗ ദ ജ ഡ ‍ \
ോ േ ് ി ു പ ര ക ത ച ട
െ ം മ ന വ ല സ , . യ

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/stickers/oriya_keyboard_stickers.jpg Oriya ori]===
setxkbmap -layout in -variant ori

୧ ୨ ୩ ୪ ୫ ୬ ୭ ୮ ୯ ୦ ଃ ୃ
ୌ ୈ ା ୀ ୂ ବ ହ ଗ ଦ ଜ ଡ ଼ \
ୋ େ ୍ ି ୁ ପ ର କ ତ ଚ ଟ
ଂ ମ ନ ଵ ଲ ସ , . ଯ

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/tamil.htm Tamil tml]===
setxkbmap -layout in -variant tam

ொ ௧ ௨ ௩ ௪ ௫ ௬ ௭ ௮ ௯ ௰ ௱ ௲
ௌ ை ா ீ ூ ஹ ஞ \
ோ ே ் ி ு ப ர க த ச ட
ெ ஂ ம ந வ ல ஸ , . ய

setxkbmap -layout in -variant tam_unicode

ஃ ஜ ஷ ஸ ஹ
ஞ ற ந ச வ ல ர ை ொ ி ு \
ய ள ன க ப ா த ம ட ் ங
ண ஒ உ எ ெ ஔ அ இ

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/telugu.htm Telugu tel]===
setxkbmap -layout in -variant tel

ొ ౧ ౨ ౩ ౪ ౫ ౬ ౭ ౮ ౯ ౦ ః ృ
ౌ ై ా ీ ూ బ హ గ ద జ డ ఞ \
ో ే ్ ి ు ప ర క త చ ట
ె ం మ న వ ల స , . య

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/languages/urdu_keyboards.htm Urdu (India) urd]===
setxkbmap -layout in -variant urd

<pre>
٣ ٢ ١ ۴ ۵ ٠ = - ٠ ٩ ٨ ٧
\ ] [ پ ه ی ء ے ت ر ع و ق
' ؛ ل ک ج ھ گ ف د س ا
/ ۔ ،م ن ب ط چ ش ز
</pre>

===Urdu (Pakistan) urd===
setxkbmap -layout pk -variant urd

<pre>
٣ ٢ ١ ۴ ۵ ٠ = - ٠ ٩ ٨ ٧
\ ] [ پ ه ی ء ے ت ر ع و ق
' ؛ ل ک ج ھ گ ف د س ا
/ ۔ م ن ب ط چ ش ز
</pre>

==Other==

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/armenian_western.htm Armenian am]===

՝ ֆ ձ – , ։ ՞ ․ ՛ ) օ է ղ
ճ փ բ ս մ ո ւ կ ը թ ծ ց »
ջ վ գ ե ա ն ի տ հ պ ր
ժ դ չ յ զ լ ք խ շ ռ

===Thai===

[http://www.language-keyboard.com/thai_kedmanee.htm Kedmanee th]

setxkbmap -layout th -variant basic

_ ๅ / - ภ ถ ุ ึ ค ต จ ข ช
ๆ ไ ำ พ ะ ั ี ร น ย บ ล ฃ
ฟ ห ก ด เ ้ ่ า ส ว ง
ผ ป แ อ ิ ื ท ม ใ ฝ

[http://www.language-keyboard.com/languages/thai_pattachote_keyboards.htm Pattachote th_pat]

setxkbmap -layout th -variant pat

_ = ๒ ๓ ๔ ๕ ู ๗ ๘ ๙ ๐ ๑ ๖
็ ต ย อ ร ่ ด ม ว แ ใ ฌ ๅ
้ ท ง ก ั ี า น เ ไ ข
บ ป ล ห ิ ค ส ะ จ พ

TIS-820.2538 th_tis

setxkbmap -layout th -variant tis

๏ ฿ / - ภ ถ ุ ึ ค ต จ ข ช
ๆ ไ ำ พ ะ ั ี ร น ย บ ล ฅ
ฟ ห ก ด เ ้ ่ า ส ว ง
ผ ป แ อ ิ ื ท ม ใ ฝ

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/lao_keyboards.htm Lao lo]===

‍ ຢ ຟ ໂ ຖ ຸ ູ ຄ ຕ ຈ ຂ ຊ ໍ
ົ ໄ ຳ ພ ະ ິ ີ ຣ ນ ຍ ບ ລ ໜ
ັ ຫ ກ ດ ເ ້ ່ າ ສ ວ ງ
ຜ ປ ແ ອ ຶ ື ທ ມ ໃ ຝ

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/stickers/myanmar_keyboard_stickers.jpg Burmese mm]===

` ၁ ၂ ၃ ၄ ၅ ၆ ၇ ၈ ၉ ၀ - ၒ
ဪ ဲ ာ ီ ူ ဗ ဟ ဂ ဒ ဇ ဍ ည ၎
ဩ ဧ ္ ိ ု ပ ရ က တ စ ဋ
၌ ့ မ န ဗ လ သ , . /

===Dzongkha/[http://www.language-keyboard.com/stickers/tibetan_keyboard_stickers_(bod-yig).jpg Tibetan bt]===

[[Dzongkha]] is the principal language of [[Bhutan]].

༉ ༡ ༢ ༣ ༤ ༥ ༦ ༧ ༨ ༩ ༠ ༔ །
ཀ ཁ ག ང ི ུ ེ ོ ཅ ཆ ཇ ཉ ཝ
ཏ ཐ ད ན པ ཕ བ མ ཙ ཚ ཛ
ཞ ཟ འ ཡ ར ལ ཤ ས ཧ ཨ

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/languages/cree_western_r_y-dot.htm Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics iu]===

Inuktitut

ᕻ ᖕ ᑉ ᕐ ᒃ ᑦ ᖅ ᒻ ᓐ ᓪ ᔾ - ᕝ
ᖏ ᐃ ᕿ ᑭ ᑎ ᓯ ᒥ ᓂ ᓕ ᔨ ᒡ ˙\
ᖑ ᐅ ᖁ ᑯ ᑐ ᓱ ᒧ ᓄ ᓗ ; '
ᖓ ᐊ ᖃ ᑲ ᑕ ᓴ ᒪ , . ᔭ

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/hebrew.htm Hebrew il]===

; 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
/ 'פ ם ן ו ט א ר ק
, ף ך ל ח י ע כ ג ד ש
. ץ ת צ מ נ ה ב ס ז
ז

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/stickers/sinhala_keyboard_stickers.jpg Sinhala lk]===

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
ඍ ඇ එ ර ට ය උ ඉ ඔ ප [ ] \
අ ස ඩ ෆ ග හ ජ ක ල ; '
ඤ ඬ ච ව බ න ම , . /

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/georgian.htm Georgian ge]===

Latin phonetic layout ge_la

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
ქ წ ე რ ტ ყ უ ი ო პ [ ] \
ა ს დ ფ გ ჰ ჯ კ ლ ; '
ზ ხ ც ვ ბ ნ მ , . /

Russian phonetic layout ge_ru

` 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
ღ ც უ კ ე ნ გ შ წ ზ ხ ჯ \
ფ თ ვ ა პ რ ო ლ დ ჟ ძ
ჭ ჩ ს მ ი ტ ქ ბ ყ ჰ

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/chinese_zhuyin.htm Chinese Zhuyin] (Bopomofo)===

This is one of several Zhuyin layouts. The letters ㄅㄆㄇㄈ down the left-hand side are roughly equivalent to "bpmf", and are commonly read Bopomofo, giving the alternate name of this writing system.

ㄅ ㄉ ˇ ˋ ㄓ ˊ ˙ ㄚ ㄞ ㄢ ㄦ =
ㄆ ㄊ ㄍ ㄐ ㄔ ㄗ ㄧ ㄛ ㄟ ㄣ [
ㄇ ㄋ ㄎ ㄑ ㄕ ㄘ ㄨ ㄜ ㄠ ㄤ ;
ㄈ ㄌ ㄏ ㄒ ㄖ ㄙ ㄩ ㄝ ㄡ ㄥ

===[http://www.language-keyboard.com/khmer.htm Cambodian kh]===

«​១​២​៣​៤​៥​៦​៧​៨​៩​០​ឥ​ឲ
ឆ​ឹ​េ​រ​ត​យ​ុ​ិ​ោ​ផ
ា​ស​ដ​ថ​ង​ហ​្​ក​ល​ើ​់
ឋ​ខ​ច​វ​ប​ន​ម​៼​។​៊

==More keyboards needed.==

* [http://www.language-keyboard.com/arabic_102.htm Arabic ar] and related, including [http://www.language-keyboard.com/stickers/hausa_keyboard_stickers_(arabic).jpg Hausa], [http://www.language-keyboard.com/farsi.htm Farsi], and more

* [http://www.language-keyboard.com/stickers/amharic_keyboard_stickers.jpg Ethiopic]

Ethiopic can be typed on a syllabic keyboard or in a phonetic IME.

* [http://www.language-keyboard.com/divehi_typewriter.htm Thaana script, Dhivehi language mv]

* [http://www.language-keyboard.com/stickers/mongolian_keyboard_stickers_(traditional).jpg Mongolian] traditional alphabet

* [http://www.language-keyboard.com/korean_ime_layout.htm Korean Hangeul]

This keyboard arrangement is used in an [[Input methods|Input method]] that combines the letters into syllables. One types ㅎㅏㄴ ㄱㅡㄹ and gets 한글.

ㅂ ㅈ ㄷ ㄱ ㅅ ㅛ ㅕ ㅑ ㅐ ㅔ
ㅁ ㄴ ㅇ ㄹ ㅎ ㅗ ㅓ ㅏ ㅣ
ㅋ ㅌ ㅊ ㅍ ㅠ ㅜ ㅡ

* [http://www.language-keyboard.com/japanese_ime.htm Japanese hiragana] and katakana

setxkbmap -layout jp

The base keyboard is QWERTY. To switch to Katakana, use the Switch Group key combination. You can set this key combination with the -option option of the setxkbmap command. For example, setxkbmap -option grp:ctrl_alt_toggle sets the Control-Alt combination for switching.

ヌ フ ア ウ エ オ ヤ ユ ヨ ワ ホ ヘ
タ テ イ ス カ ン ナ ニ ラ セ ゛ ゜ \
チ ト シ ハ キ ク マ ノ リ レ ケ
ツ サ ソ ヒ コ ミ モ ネ ル メ

* [http://www.language-keyboard.com/cherokee.htm Cherokee]

* [http://www.language-keyboard.com/stickers/yoruba_keyboard_stickers.jpg Yoruba]

* [http://www.language-keyboard.com/stickers/igbo_keyboard_stickers.jpg Igbo]

* [http://www.language-keyboard.com/yiddish.htm Yiddish]

See also [[Input methods]] for typing languages whose character sets will not fit on a single keyboard layout.

=External Links=
* [http://www.language-keyboard.com/world-class-language-keyboard-stickers.htm Keyboard stickers] for numerous languages. Images of keyboard maps are provided for most supported languages.

[[Category:Keyboard]]
[[Category:Language support]]
[[Category:Languages (international)]]

Revision as of 12:41, 18 April 2007

Keyboard design

See Keyboard design

Laptop keyboard hardware

OLPC News (2006-10-07)

The team from Pentagram finalized the keyboard design for the B-Test machines. Six different versions of the keyboard are being made: Arabic, Portuguese, Spanish, Thai, Nigerian (for Hausa, Ìgbo, Yorùbá, Ẹdo, Ẹfik, Fulani, Kanuri, etc.), and US International.

Soft keyboard layouts

It is obvious that each typable writing system has to have its own keyboard layouts. In addition, there are numerous rearrangements of keyboards for specific languages and countries. Many languages require specific letters not used in other languages. As a result, most locales have their own keyboard layouts, in some cases several.

The following examples, from Debian Linux keyboard layouts, are all incomplete. For alphabets with upper- and lower-case,

Retrieved from "http://wiki.laptop.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Keyboard_layouts&oldid=34279"