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<center>''Feel free to add '''signed comments''' by each article.''</center>
'''Research, Outcome Monitoring & Impact Evaluation'''
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==Introduction==
<div class=plainlinks>
This page provides links to research reports related to the OLPC project. See also [[Experience]], [[Constructionism]], [[Reviews of OLPC]], and [[ClassActs/Resources|Class Acts]] (a FLOSS Manuals community publication) for articles and other anecdotal evidence.
This page provides links to reports related to the OLPC project. We begin by looking at the resources used; share instruments and frameworks as well as white papers and inform about the organizations involved.


We then arrange the reports under four main headings:
;Overviews/summaries of OLPC distributions to date
# Research[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_research#Research],
: 2007-2010: an [http://wiki.laptop.org/images/2/24/OLPCF_M%26E_Publication.pdf '''Assessment and Overview of international M&E Reports'''], by the the OLPCF Learning Team.
# Outcome Monitoring [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_research#Outcome_Monitoring],
: 2009-2010: an [[OLPC research/Evaluations review 2009-2010|Evaluations review 2009-2010]] building on the above
# Impact Evaluation [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_research#Impact_Evaluation]
: As of 2011: New papers and evals are being discussed at '''[[OLPC research/papers]]'''.
# and other works under Miscellaneous [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_research#Miscellaneous].
: Internal country reports: See [[OLPC Rwanda]]'s 2011 report
</div>


Research, Monitoring & Evaluating is not only important as a way of improving, assessing and understanding what is happening in respective OLPC projects around the world, but also to connect this growing community at the forefront of technology integration in education to help build, suggest, and inform this field as it quickly grows and develops. In addition to the work itself, we are also at the apex of rethinking these approaches and models and innovating them to make sure the appropriate information and outcomes are being collected. The OLPC Learning Team, lead by Dr. Claudia Urrea have put forth a paper outlining the need for “Innovation in Evaluation.”[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/OLPC_research#Urrea_.26_Bender.2C_Innovation_in_Evaluation]


We look forward for OLPC communities to continue contributing and sharing their work as well as welcome those looking for information on OLPC projects.
= Literature Reviews =


Please see also Experience, Constructionism, Reviews of OLPC, and Class Acts (a FLOSS Manuals community publication) for articles and other anecdotal works.
== Assessment of OLPC Evaluations ==


== Resources ==
* OLPC Foundation Learning Team: [http://wiki.laptop.org/images/2/24/OLPCF_M%26E_Publication.pdf Assessment and Overview of Existing M&E Reports]
Recently published assessment of existing international M&E literature by local and government actors on OLPC distributions.


===Instruments & Framework===
* Evaluation of OLPC programs globally: a literature review, Version 4'', by Dita Nugroho and Michele Lonsdale. Australian Council for Educational Research, August 2010. [http://wiki.laptop.org/images/a/a5/OLPC_Lit_Review_v4_Aug2010.pdf PDF] Country program summaries, with XO deployment data, funding, and reported outcomes and impacts.
''to be added''
The Australian Council for Educational Research conducted its own review several times a year, including summary observation. They provide a good overview of both formal and informal evaluations of OLPC programs in 12 countries. They include timelines, methodologies, and outcomes (or expected outcomes). While their meta-evaluation shows positive global trends in evaluation of OLPC programs, they note that most programs have begun only recently. Different evaluations covered vary in scope, methodology, and stakeholders.


===White Papers===
The authors encourage the need to '''address evaluation in the early stages of program design and planning''' to build understanding of design, implementation, and results.
==== [[Media:InnovationinEvaluation-Report.pdf| Innovation in Evaluation]], by Dr. Claudia Urrea & Walter Bender (2012)====
A look at the role of innovation in evaluation within OLPC projects and tools available through Sugar. Read more about their work here [http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Innovation_in_Evaluation]


==== [http://wiki.laptop.org/images/5/53/Rwanda_Report-v7.pdf| 2011 OLPC in Rwanda Report] by OLPC HQ (2011) ====
* [http://varlyproject.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/evaluation_olpc_varly.pdf L’évaluation des déploiements OLPC : quelles méthodes ? (PDF)], '''In French''', 22 pages, August 26th 2010, by Pierre Varly, consultant, member of [http://olpc-france.org OLPC France]
An OLPC HQ report on aspects of the Rwanda implementation.


==== [http://www.box.net/shared/k6fsitchrvtquv7jvrut One Laptop Per Child Pilot Project: Marshall Islands] by Ministry of Education (2010) ====
''[[Image:evaluations-in-olpc-varly-eng-fin1-som.jpg|thumb|250px|Evaluation in OLPC: What for ? what has been done, what could be done?'', October 22nd 2010 [http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Sugar_Labs/SOM SOM] from report text]]
This document outlines the Project Implementation Plan for the OLPC Pilot in the Marshall Islands. It is an addendum to the MOE Comprehensive Technology Plan.


==== [http://wiki.laptop.org/images/2/24/OLPCF_M%26E_Publication.pdf '''Assessment and Overview of international M&E Reports'''], by the the OLPCF Learning Team (2010)====
* [http://varlyproject.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/evaluations-in-olpc-varly-eng-fin1.pdf Evaluation in OLPC: What for ? what has been done, what could be done? (PDF)], October 22nd 2010, by Pierre Varly, consultant, member of [http://olpc-france.org OLPC France]
Recently published assessment of existing international M&E literature by local and government actors on OLPC distributions


==== [[Media:Buchele ICAST OLPC.pdf|Ghana: The One Laptop per Child Project and Its Applicability to Ghana]], by Buchele & Owusu-Aning (2007) ====
* [http://www.slideshare.net/bzg/evaluations-in-olpc Evaluations in OLPC], slideshow, October 22nd 2010, by Pierre Varly, consultant, member of [http://olpc-france.org OLPC France]
An academic overview of work in Ghana, providing data and raising questions for anyone considering a national implementation.


===Proposals===
{{-}}
''Please share works in progress''


== Research ==
== One to One Laptop Schools review ==
Research is defined as the intent to add new general knowledge to the field using gathered information and data, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Research]
http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/One-to-One_Laptop_Schools
[http://journals.cluteonline.com/index.php/JBER/article/viewFile/2532/2578]


===Literature===
Excerpt: High-level overviews of the major 1:1 projects around the world, including the Magellan project and many OLPC projects. Descriptive more than stats-based; tends to have good coverage of projects up to launch, following published media and interviews, but not beyond. A true wikibook, changing slowly over time.
==== [http://escholarship.bc.edu/jtla/vol9/1/ Educational Outcomes and Research from 1:1 Computing Settings (2010)] ====
Damian Bebell and Laura O'Dwyer <br>
The current special edition of the Journal of Technology and Assessment presents four empirical studies of K–12 1:1 computing programs and one review of key themes in the conversation about 1:1 computing among advocates and critics.


==== [http://www.scribd.com/doc/21868291/First-Experiences-with-OLPC-in-European-Classrooms?autodown=pdf First Experiences with OLPC in European Classrooms (2009)] ====
Describes early programs in Graz, Austria. 10/30/2009


==== [[Media:SDBhatta.pdf|Tackling the Problems of Quality and Disparity in Nepal's School - Education: The OLPC Model (2008)]] ====
= OLPC experiences =
Dr. Saurav Dev Bhatta, OLE Nepal, June 2008 <br>
OLPC has helped country leaders plan and commit to national education projects involving 1-to-1 use of laptops in schools since 2006. In January 2005, OLPC announced an intent to design a laptop for children and make learning with child-owned laptops the norm, and by January 2007 the first "XO" laptop trials<ref>For the purposes of this review, distributions and deployments mean schools or larger educational groups in which all children in certain grades and all of their teachers have their own laptop.
The paper argues that utilizing the full potential of the OLPC concept requires simultaneous work in four areas: digital content development, teacher preparation, network and power infrastructure development, and government capacity development.
</ref> were underway with primary school children and teachers, in [[OLPC Brasil|Brasil]], [[OLPC Nigeria/Galadima|Nigeria]], and [[OLPC Peru/Arahuay|Peru]]. As of December 2009, OLPC has shipped 1.2 million XO laptops to [[deployments|31 countries]].


==== [http://www.gesci.org/old/files/docman/1_to_1_Technologies_Computing_in_the_Developing_World_by_M._Hooker_GeSCI.doc 1:1 Technologies/Computing in the Developing World: Challenging the Digital Divide (2008)] ====
Countries planning large-scale national deployments of XOs for primary schools ("country partners") began making public commitments to '''olpc''' in 2007.<ref>Initially [[OLPC Peru|Peru]], [[OLPC Nigeria|Nigeria]], [[OLPC Argentina|Argentina]], [[OLPC Libya|Libya]], [[OLPC Thailand|Thailand]] and [[OLPC Uruguay|Uruguay]].</ref> Feedback was gathered about changes to the laptop<ref> Including at a detailed country meeting in 2007</ref>, and the earliest deployments of the mass-production version of XO laptops (XO-1) began in Peru and Uruguay in late 2007.<ref>There were a few significant revisions in the XO-1 design over the following year: strengthening the keyboard membrane to improve its thickness and lifespan, and improving the robustness and responsiveness of the touchpad.</ref>
Mary Hooker, Education Specialist, [http://www.gesci.org Global e-Schools and Communities Initiative]. Requires ACM Membership to view.


===Proposals===
National plans for project-based learning, adjusted national teaching standards, community and family engagement through XOs, and digital publishing of activities and school materials, have developed furthest in Peru and Uruguay. Both of those countries have steadily expanded their programs in size and scope since 2007.
''Please share works in progress''


== Research papers and reports ==
== Outcome Monitoring ==
Outcome Monitoring is a form of evaluation or assessment. It allows programs to determine what is working, and what is not working, based from expected results, so that it may be addressed and improved on an on-going basis.
[http://www.endvawnow.org/en/articles/340-evaluation-monitoring-outcome-and-impact.html]


===Literature===
'''Separate page [[Academic papers]] was merged to this one'''
==== [[Media:Ceri Whatley Conference Paper.pdf| The role of Headmasters in the successful implementation of One Laptop per Child: A case study in Rwanda” Ceri Whatley]] ====


==== [http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1369118X.2011.559266?journalCode=rics20#preview Results from Birmingham's One Laptop per Child XO laptop project (2011)] ====
[http://blog.laptop.org/2011/07/05/birmingham-first-surveys/ Shelia Cotten, et al]. This report focused on positive results for students who chose to take advantage of the program, differences that might account for teacher and student interest in taking advantage of it, and the value of bridging the digitial divide.


==== [[Media:Ceibal Assessment 2010 Summary Document .doc| Ceibal Assessment 2010 Summary Document (2010)]] ====
=== CEIBAL Reports ===
English translation of Evaluación del Plan Ceibal 2010 DOCUMENTO RESUMEN [http://www.anep.edu.uy/anepweb/servlet/main004?403]


==== [http://www.ceibal.org.uy/docs/Plan_Ceibal____Informe_Estado_XO__Abril_2010.pdf Síntesis del informe de monitoreo del estado del parque de XO a abril de (2010) ] ====
==== Official overviews, December 2009 ====
''slightly manicured report for official government consumption, based on many thousand respondents to an opinion and perception survey, apparently no objective or other data sources were used. No "negative" outcomes reported in the conclusions.''

* [http://www.ceibal.org.uy/docs/evaluacion_educativa_plan_ceibal_resumen.pdf Evaluacion Educativa]
El presente resumen de evaluación educativa contiene los primeros datos representativos a nivel nacional producidos en torno al Plan Ceibal.

* [http://www.ceibal.org.uy/docs/presentacion_impacto_social221209.pdf Impacto Social]
Monitoreo y evaluación del Plan CEIBAL
Poblaciones beneficiarias. Impactos en el acceso
Impactos en el uso de computadoras en niños y familias
Resultados e impactos desde una perspectiva social
Opiniones y valoraciones de la población
Síntesis y balance de impactos positivos, alertas y desafíos a futuro

==== Work by Hourcade / Flores ====
''By Hourcade and Pablo Flores, an Uruguayan national who led some of the volunteer initiatives during the planning year of the CEIBAL project and produced the handbook that went home to the family of every child with an XO.''

;One year of experiences with XO laptops in Uruguay:
[http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1551997&type=html&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=82694215&CFTOKEN=95533515 HTML overview, from the ACM]

An update on the original "Early OLPC experiences" paper, below.


;Early OLPC experiences in an Uruguayan School ([http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~hourcade/alt04-hourcade.pdf pdf])
This report on the first Uruguayan XO pilot, with 150 students in a rural school, provides a good observational overview of XO activities in the classroom.

Uruguay as a country has now reached saturation of primary schools with XOs, and has a couple of independent long-range assessments underway; this study is an interesting historical footnote to those. Technical problems with beta machines including problems with the XO interface were cited as hindrances to learning and collaboration. The study observed positive impact with students as content creators, growing interest in reading and writing, and growth of reseach via the Web.

;Reflections on a Pilot OLPC Experience in Uruguay ([http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~hourcade/ceibal-workshop.pdf pdf])
:''Juan Pablo Hourcade, Daiana Beitler, Fernando Cormenzana, and Pablo Flores, 2007, Uruguay ''
...A two-page position paper presenting opinions regarding a pilot in Uruguay. From empirical data and observations, a positive impact on the children and their school activities is claimed by this Uruguayan team...
:''one of the authors has indicated current challenges are different, see Pablo Flores' May 2009 comment [http://rising.globalvoicesonline.org/blog/2009/04/30/uruguay-one-blog-per-child/ here]''

==== Ceibal Assessment 2010 Summary Document .doc ====
English translation of Evaluación del Plan Ceibal 2010 DOCUMENTO RESUMEN
http://www.anep.edu.uy/anepweb/servlet/main004?403

[[File:Ceibal Assessment 2010 Summary Document .doc]]


==== Síntesis del informe de monitoreo del estado del parque de XO a abril de 2010. ====
Executive Summary of the 2010 OLPC monitoring report (Spanish)
Executive Summary of the 2010 OLPC monitoring report (Spanish)
(http://www.ceibal.org.uy/docs/Plan_Ceibal____Informe_Estado_XO__Abril_2010.pdf)


==== Monitoreo y evaluación educativa del Plan Ceibal: Primeros resultados a nivel nacional ====
==== [http://www.ceibal.org.uy/docs/evaluacion_educativa_plan_ceibal_resumen.pdf Monitoreo y evaluación educativa del Plan Ceibal: Primeros resultados a nivel nacional (2010)] ====
Plan Ceibal 2010 Monitoring Report (Spanish)
Plan Ceibal 2010 Monitoring Report (Spanish)
Salamano, I., Pagés, P., Baraibar, A., Ferro, H., Pérez, L., & Pérez, M.
Salamano, I., Pagés, P., Baraibar, A., Ferro, H., Pérez, L., & Pérez, M.
(http://www.ceibal.org.uy/docs/evaluacion_educativa_plan_ceibal_resumen.pdf)


==== [http://escholarship.bc.edu/jtla/vol9/3/ After Installation: Ubiquitous Computing and High School Science in Three Experienced, High-Technology Schools (2010)] ====
=== Recent pilot report ===
Brian Drayton, Joni K. Falk, Rena Stroud, Kathryn Hobbs, and James Hammerman <br>
''details to come. formal report by pilot observers''
The present study presents data on 3 high schools with carefully elaborated ubiquitous computing systems, who have gone through at least one "obsolescence cycle" and are therefore several years past first implementation.


==== [http://escholarship.bc.edu/jtla/vol9/2/ One to One Computing: A Summary of the Quantitative Results from the Berkshire Wireless Learning Initiative (2010)] ====
Positive impact seen from a 300-student pilot. Parents, students, teachers and community members see benefits program. Ministry officers see clear potential benefits for schools. Appreciation was repeatedly expressed in interviews with participants. There were some technical difficulties with charging, for instance, but the technology was generally accepted in this rural community. More technical support and training of locals is needed, with ongoing evaluation.
Damian Bebell and Rachel Kay <br>
This paper examines the educational impacts of the Berkshire Wireless Learning Initiative (BWLI), a pilot program that provided 1:1 technology access to all students and teachers across five public and private middle schools in western Massachusetts.


==== [http://www.ceibal.org.uy/docs/evaluacion_educativa_plan_ceibal_resumen.pdf Evaluacion Educativa, Plan Ceibal (Uruguay) (2009)] ====
In the first term, students showed pride of ownership, had something to share with their faimliy, showed increased attendance and socializing with other students at school. Parents were able to learn as well, and similarly had a way to help children with their learning.
El presente resumen de evaluación educativa contiene los primeros datos representativos a nivel nacional producidos en torno al Plan Ceibal.


==== [http://ideas.repec.org/p/idb/brikps/23758.html Haiti pre-pilot evaluation report (2009)] ====
This IDB report provides an analysis of usage trends and outcomes for grades 1-5 after studying 50 students, assessed by interviews and observations. Gains were observed particularly in literacy (reading and writing) and student preparedness for the future (research about envisioning their future work options.


==== [http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~hourcade/alt04-hourcade.pdf Early OLPC experiences in an Uruguayan School (2008) ]====
This report on the first Uruguayan XO pilot, with 150 students in a rural school, provides a good observational overview of XO activities in the classroom.


==== [http://blog.olenepal.org/index.php/archives/321 Formative Evaluation of OLPC Project Nepal: A Summary (2008)] ====
=== [[OLPC Haiti]] pre-pilot evaluation report (IDB) ===
Rabi Karmacharya, OLE Nepal, June-August 2008 <br>
''Internal assessment report, focused on a small sample.''
This is a summary of the findings of a formative evaluation carried out by Mr. Uttam Sharma, a doctoral student at at the Department of Applied Economics at the University of Minnesota. The evaluation was carried out for OLE Nepal’s internal purpose.


==== [http://go2.wordpress.com/?id=725X1342&site=olpcnyc.wordpress.com&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teachingmatters.org%2Ffiles%2Folpc_kappa.pdf&sref=http%3A%2F%2Folpcnyc.wordpress.com%2Fevaluation%2F Evaluation of the Teaching Matters One Laptop Per Child (XO) Pilot at Kappa IV (2008)] ====
The Education Division of the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) conduted an assessment following their partial funding of the current program in Haiti. The report provides an analysis of usage trends and outcomes for grades 1-5 after studying 50 students, assessed by interviews and observations.
Dr. Susan Lowes, Director, Research and Evaluation; and Cyrus Luhr, Research Assistant. Institute for Learning Technologies, Teachers College/Columbia University, June 2008.<br>
Look at the impact of the implementation of XO laptops in Teaching Matters program in New York, USA.


===Proposals===
Gains were observed particularly in literacy (reading and writing) and student preparedness for the future (research about / envisioning their future work options). Teachers, technical staff, and administrators were also interviewed. Data analysis and interview guides are included in the document.
''Please share works in progress''


== Impact Evaluation ==
=== One Laptop Per Child Pilot Project [Addendum to Comprehensive Technology Plan] ===
Impact Evaluations are a particular type of evaluation that seeks to answer cause-and-effect questions. Unlike general evaluations, which can answer many types of questions, impact evaluations are structured around one particular type of question: What is the impact (or causal effect) of a program on an outcome of interest.” [http://siteresources.worldbank.org/EXTHDOFFICE/Resources/5485726-1295455628620/Impact_Evaluation_in_Practice.pdf] [http://www.endvawnow.org/en/articles/340-evaluation-monitoring-outcome-and-impact.html]
http://www.box.net/shared/k6fsitchrvtquv7jvrut


===Literature===
Produced by the Republic of Marshall Islands Ministry of Education, this document outlines the Project Implementation Plan for the OLPC Pilot in the Marshall Islands. It is an addendum to the MOE Comprehensive Technology Plan.
==== [http://www.iadb.org/en/research-and-data/publication-details,3169.html?pub_id=IDB-WP-304)Working Papers, Technology and Child Development: Evidence from the One Laptop per Child Program in Peru (2012)] ====
Inter-American Development Bank February 2012 - 40 pages


The study measured
=== Experimental Assessment of the Program "One Laptop Per Child" in Peru ===
# academic achievement in Math
(http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=35422036)
# academic achievement in Language
Inter-American Development Bank July 2010
# cognitive skills - over the 15 months of the study, olpc kids are about six months ahead of peer group without OLPC XO's
# verbal fluency - over the 15 months of the study, olpc kids are about six months ahead of their peer group without OLPC XO's
# Laptop Competence - olpc kids have a good understanding of their XO and know how to work with them, search the internet, the wikipedia, use the word processor, read books, take pictures & movies, etc. - average score 65%


Not measured is e.g. the effect on the family when kids take the laptops home.
Even though this program has only recently been implemented, this document presents a few preliminary
findings that could be relevant for its future development. On the one hand, we find evidence of better
attitudes and expectations among teachers and parents; students that are more critical of school work and
of their own performance; and a greater development of technological skills among girls and boys. On the
other hand, there seems to be a decrease in the intensity of computer use in the classroom, as time passes
and difficulties arise in the implementation of the project. Due to the short interval of time since
implementation, no impact was observed in learning. This should be verified in future surveys.


Even though this program has only recently been implemented, this document presents a few preliminary findings that could be relevant for its future development. On the one hand, we find evidence of better attitudes and expectations among teachers and parents; students that are more critical of school work and of their own performance; and a greater development of technological skills among girls and boys. On the other hand, there seems to be a decrease in the intensity of computer use in the classroom, as time passes and difficulties arise in the implementation of the project.
=== Eduvision Ethiopia Implementation Report, Sep-Dec 2007 ===
''[[Image:Ethiopiareport 080227a-mh-som.jpg|thumb|200px|Ethiopia Implementation Report'', September - December 2007 [http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Sugar_Labs/SOM SOM] from text]]
[http://www.gg.rhul.ac.uk/ict4d/ethiopia.pdf Ethiopia Implementation Report, September - December 2007],
:''Bjorn Everts, Matthew Herren, David Hollow, Eduvision, February 2008''
''Somewhat massaged report combining short-term observations with a whitepaper promoting the non-profit's own work and software (used in conjunction with OLPC) with an eye towards their future fundraising. Limited data, casual methodology, some interesting anecdotes; not academic. See the [[Talk:Academic_Papers#Ethiopia_Report|discussion]] about this document.''
{{-}}


More:
''Eduvision'' is a small educational non-profit that has proposed its pedagogical aids as useful classroom options for Ethiopia's deployment. They sponsored this report, which discusses the educational setting and modes of teaching in Ethiopia, presenting them as necessary cultural guidelines for successful adoption. The study recommends Eduvision's methods and tools as an incremental step toward creative thinking and independent inquiry for students in Ethiopia's system.
# [https://edutechdebate.org/olpc-in-peru/oscar-becerra-on-olpc-perus-long-term-impact/ Complementary info & reaction by Oscar BECERRA - Responsible for designing and implementing OLPC in Peru - on the Inter-American Development Bank paper on OLPC of February 2012]
## "In the case of the IDB study, having participated in the design and first stages I can assure the study was very well thought. However, as soon as the initial findings were reported, every interested party tried to “llevar agua para su molino” (bring water to its mill). For example, I heard many advocates of the ICT industry (the main detractor of the OLPC approach because it impacted its market share numbers) use the results to say the project was a failure and their approach should have been used."
##"attitudes and expectations of students parents and teachers which actually showed improvement. Students became more critical of the schools system and expected more of it. That is an important outcome that will certainly impact the quality for the system in the long term."
## "I did a study of impact of the program on intrinsic motivation towards school work and the results confirmed all the hypothesis. Students feel better and their readiness to work hard to learn things they think are important improves significantly more for participants in “Una Laptop por Niño” than for those who did not participate."


# [http://blog.laptop.org/2012/04/10/rodrigos-response-to-the-economist/#.VgspSI-qqko Complementary info & reaction by OLPC Association CEO Rodrigo Arboleda - on the Inter-American Development Bank paper on OLPC of February 2012]
The study involved 12 teachers trained to teach XO basics to classes of 2d, 7th, and 8th graders. After distribution and use for 2 months, students were given batteries of activity tests, task completion tests, and questionnaires. Structured interviews were then held with students and teachers. Positive changes observed and tracked included
# productive changes in teaching styles (of teachers)
# increased student collaboration and dialogue
# support of eachother's learning process and objectives


==== [http://wiki.laptop.org/images/0/0b/SolomonIslandsOLPCTrialsEvaluationByACER2010.pdf Evaluation of One Laptop Per Child (OLPC), Trial project in the Solomon Islands (2010)] ====
Student motivation improved, and introducing gaming was cited as a way to promote attention to the curriculum.
Australian Centre for Education Research 2010<br>
The Trials described below in three schools in rural [[Solomon Islands]] were evaluated independently by Australian Centre for Education Research, the report was commissioned and is now published by the Solomon Islands Ministry of Education


==== [http://idbdocs.iadb.org/wsdocs/getdocument.aspx?docnum=35422036 Experimental Assessment of the Program "One Laptop Per Child" in Peru (2010)] ====
Inter-American Development Bank July 2010<br>
This paper presents the impact of the first large-scale randomized evaluation of the OLPC program, using data collected after 15 months of implementation in 319 primary schools in rural Peru. The results indicate that the program increased the ratio of computers per student from 0.12 to 1.18 in treatment schools.


==== [http://escholarship.bc.edu/jtla/vol9/5/ Laptops and Fourth Grade Literacy: Assisting the Jump over the Fourth-Grade Slump (2010)] ====
=== Ghana: The One Laptop per Child Project and Its Applicability to Ghana (BOA) ===
Kurt A. Suhr, David A. Hernandez, Doug Grimes, and Mark Warschauer'<br>
''[[Media:Buchele ICAST OLPC.pdf|Buchele & Owusu-Aning]] (pdf). Designed as an academic overview of work in Ghana so far, providing data and raising questions for anyone considering a national implementation.''
This study investigated whether a one-to-one laptop program could help improve English language arts (ELA) test scores of upper elementary students.


==== [http://escholarship.bc.edu/jtla/vol9/4/ Evaluating the Implementation Fidelity of Technology Immersion and its Relationship with Student Achievement (2010)] ====
This paper presents an assessment of OLPC in Ghana with an equitable approach to criticism. Buchele was in charge of part of teacher training for Ghana's first OLPC efforts. 'Applicability' is explored in terms of human development (particularly literacy), access to education, and specific ICT goals currently set forth by the Ghanaian Education Ministry.
Kelly S. Shapley, Daniel Sheehan, Catherine Maloney, and Fanny Caranikas-Walker <br>
This article examines the fidelity of model implementation and associations between implementation indicators and student achievement.


==== [http://wiki.laptop.org/images/a/a5/OLPC_Lit_Review_v4_Aug2010.pdf Evaluation of OLPC programs globally: a literature review, Version 4 (2010)] ====
The assessment refers to Ghana as a country most suited for OLPC collaboration. Challenges for implementation and funding, and questions for the government to answer, are discussed.
by Dita Nugroho and Michele Lonsdale. Australian Council for Educational Research, August 2010
Country program summaries, with XO deployment data, funding, and reported outcomes and impacts.


==== [http://varlyproject.files.wordpress.com/2010/08/evaluation_olpc_varly.pdf L’évaluation des déploiements OLPC : quelles méthodes ?] French by Pierre Varly, consultant, member of [http://olpc-france.org OLPC France (2010)] ====
[http://varlyproject.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/evaluations-in-olpc-varly-eng-fin1.pdf English version]


==== [http://unimauro.blogspot.com/2009/11/diapositivas-de-la-sustentacion-de.html Evaluación de OLPC con Ingeniería de Usabilidad (2009)] ====
=== OLPC regional case studies: Asia, Africa, Europe and Latin America (Hooker) ===
This is a broad review of four OLPC projects in [[OLPC Ethiopia|Ethiopia]], [[OLPC Nepal|Nepal]], [[OLPC Ireland|Ireland]] and [[OLPC Uruguay|Uruguay]], including strategies for implementation and educational context. Some basic analysis and key findings are summarized.

== First Experiences with OLPC in European Classrooms ==
[http://www.scribd.com/doc/21868291/First-Experiences-with-OLPC-in-European-Classrooms?autodown=pdf First Experiences with OLPC in European Classrooms] describes early programs in Graz, Austria. 10/30/2009


==Nepal==
[[Image:Olpc-model-in-nepal-som.jpg|thumb|200px|Tackling the Problems of Quality and Disparity in Nepal's School - Education: The OLPC Model [http://sugarlabs.org/go/Community/SOM SOM] from text]]
===Tackling the Problems of Quality and Disparity in Nepal's School - Education: The OLPC Model. [[Image:SDBhatta.pdf]].===
:''Dr. Saurav Dev Bhatta, OLE Nepal, June 2008''

The paper argues that utilizing the full potential of the OLPC concept requires simultaneous work in four areas: digital content development, teacher preparation, network and power infrastructure development, and government capacity development. And it also emphasizes the need for a systematic approach to implementation where the implementers start by learning to solve implementation challenges in a test phase...

===Formative Evaluation of OLPC Project Nepal: A Summary ===
http://blog.olenepal.org/index.php/archives/321
:"Rabi Karmacharya, OLE Nepal, June-August 2008

This is a summary of the findings of a formative evaluation carried out by Mr. Uttam Sharma, a doctoral student at at the Department of Applied Economics at the University of Minnesota. The evaluation was carried out for OLE Nepal’s internal purpose. The results are expected to help learn about the shortcomings of the current test phase of the OLPC project so that necessary fine tuning can be done before next year’s larger deployment in more districts.
{{-}}

== US research and reports==

=== Using Affordable Technology to Decrease Digital Inequality (Birmingham) ===
: ''[http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1369118X.2011.559266?journalCode=rics20#preview Results from Birmingham's One Laptop per Child XO laptop project]''
[http://blog.laptop.org/2011/07/05/birmingham-first-surveys/ Shelia Cotten, et al] published initial survey data from the 2008-2009 school year and its aftermath as part of their series of publications on the OLPC program in Alabama. Published 2011, based on 2009 data.
This report focused on positive results for students who chose to take advantage of the program, differences that might account for teacher and student interest in taking advantage of it, and the value of bridging the digitial divide.

=== Evaluation of the Teaching Matters OLPC Pilot at Kappa IV (New York) ===
[[Image:Olpc kappa-som.jpg|thumb|200px|Evaluation of the Teaching Matters One Laptop Per Child [http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Sugar_Labs/SOM SOM] from text]]
: ''[http://go2.wordpress.com/?id=725X1342&site=olpcnyc.wordpress.com&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teachingmatters.org%2Ffiles%2Folpc_kappa.pdf&sref=http%3A%2F%2Folpcnyc.wordpress.com%2Fevaluation%2F Evaluation of the Teaching Matters One Laptop Per Child (XO) Pilot at Kappa IV].''
:''Dr. Susan Lowes, Director, Research and Evaluation; and Cyrus Luhr, Research Assistant. Institute for Learning Technologies, Teachers College/Columbia University, June 2008.''

"Although the students saw the advantages of the XO in terms of its various specific functions or pieces of software, one theme that ties all these reported activities together is the several ways that the XOs allowed students to share: whether they were using the XOs for writing, taking photos, making videos, chatting, or whether they were rotating their screens or using the software to share them virtually, they were in every case sharing their thoughts or sharing their work.

"When asked if there were existing functions that they would like to use more frequently, [the students] listed the creative software (Etoys, TurtleArt, and TamTamEdit) that could have educational uses but are not currently integrated into the Teaching Matters curriculum."
{{-}}

== Topical studies ==

=== Using OLPC technology as a Computer: Computer Science Case Study (Buchele) ===
This paper gives a technial overview of the XO as a computer that can be used as a learning catalyst in computer science classes. Well suited to help students understand topics from design of computer architectures to communication networks, to the development of educational software. Points to use by community beyond the primary school education system.


=== OLPC for Health Clinics (Fontelo+) ===
:''OLPC for Health Clinics in Developing Countries'' [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2656055/ (Fontelo, et. al. in AMIA symposium)]
:''Extending the Benefits of OLPC for Health'' [http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/337/dec01_1/a2459 (Fontelo, BMJ '09)]

An assessment of the usefulness of XOs in health clinics. XOs were used to provide access to health records (OpenEMR and CHITS) including medical imaging information and access to research docs (via PubMed). Possibilities for use in health educaiton and child ownership of health information are addressed.


=== Usability Engineering evaluation of OLPC ===
;''[http://unimauro.blogspot.com/2009/11/diapositivas-de-la-sustentacion-de.html Evaluación de OLPC con Ingeniería de Usabilidad]'',

An academic thesis by Ingeniero Carlos Mauro Cárdenas, Perú
An academic thesis by Ingeniero Carlos Mauro Cárdenas, Perú


==== [http://www.bmj.com/cgi/content/full/337/dec01_1/a2459 Extending the Benefits of OLPC for Health'' (Fontelo, BMJ) (2009)] ====


==== [http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2656055/ OLPC for Health Clinics in Developing Countries'' Fontelo, et. al. in AMIA symposium (2008) ]====
== Stakeholder and Partner Country presentations ==


==== [http://itidjournal.org/itid/article/viewFile/791/332 Community Factors in Technology Adoption in Primary Education: Perspectives from Rural India 2100] ====
=== The Starfish on the Beach: OLPC for the poorest and most remote, and how? (Becerra) ===
Oscar Becerra of Peru's Ministry of Education overviews OLPC distribution in Peru with their inspiration for the project, an overview of public ed, and plans for integration over time. The presentaiton presents the pilot project in Arahuay with strong positive results in literacy. Integration concerns are discussed.


''Komathi Ale, Arul Chib''. 2011 USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism. CC-by-nc-sa.3
=== Plan Ceibal: One Laptop per Child and Teacher (Brechner, LATU) ===
Miguel Brechner, of Uruguay's LATU, provides an overview of Uruguay's deployment with distribution numbers, demographic info, timelines, and anecdotal learning stories from the first full year of the project.


One more survey-only research, 10 children and 3 teachers, India
=== Plan Ceibal Technical Area (Haim) ===
Fiorella Haim presents the technical details of networking implementation, school installation, and XO tracking in Plan Ceibal. With a tremendous attention to detail, Ceibal adapted software for strategic mapping of connectivity, use, and software updates in schools.


===Proposals===
''Please share works in progress''


== Miscellaneous ==
== Essays, Reflections, public Debates ==


==== [http://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/One-to-One_Laptop_Schools One to One Laptop Schools review (2012) ] ====
=== OLPCNews: OLPC Overview in 2009 ===
High-level overviews of the major 1:1 projects around the world, including the Magellan project and many OLPC projects.


==== [http://olpcvichada.blogspot.com/2011/06/education-and-technology-for.html Autonomous Learning Skills: Education and Technology for Strengthening Culture: Colombia (2011)] ====
By Wayan Vota, Christoph Derndorfer and Bryan Berry of OLPC News ('''completely independent of OLPC''')<br>
Sandra Barragán
http://www.olpcnews.com/commentary/olpc_news/one_laptop_per_child_overview_2009.html<br>
http://www.olpcnews.com/files/One_Laptop_Per_Child_Overview_2009.pdf

Conclusion Excerpt:

Despite the setbacks, OLPC dramatically changed the computer industry and the whole debate
around technology in education. The XO-1 introduced technology advances now emulated by
mainstream computers and the "$100 laptop" moniker has now become a rally cry for all
consumers - from individuals to governments - to put appropriate power, performance,
portability and price at the forefront of computing design.

With the intense focus on one laptop per child levels of computer saturation in education,
conversations around introducing technology in the classroom have shifted from "if" to "how"
and spawned innovation in both technology and pedagogy. So no matter the future of OLPC or
its iconic laptop, we are seeing only the beginning of their long-term influence on technology
and education.

=== EduTech Debate: discussion on OLPC impact in 2010 ===
http://edutechdebate.org/one-laptop-per-child-impact/

Facilitated by Wayan Vota and others in early 2010. A mix of perspectives from both supporters and opponents of the general idea of OLPC -- all people who think that computing will become part of every school sooner or later. Some think that poor countries shouldn't have laptops until they have infrastructure, others think that child-owned laptops are the best possible thing for places with low infrastructure. No new data or analysis, but some interesting writing and debate.

=== Innovating for Development : Can One Laptop Per Child Save the World's Poor? ===
Mark Warschauer and Morgan Ames<br>
http://jia.sipa.columbia.edu/files/jia/033-051_Warschauer_bluelines.pdf


==== [http://cl.ly/201M0s2q2l1R1K082e1V New Technology in Developing Countries: A Critique of the One-Laptop-Per-Child Program (2010)] ====
The One Laptop per Child (OLPC) program is one of the most ambitious educational reform initiatives the world has ever seen. The program has developed a radically new low-cost laptop computer and aggressively promoted its plans to put the computer in the hands of hundreds of millions of children around the world, including in the most impoverished nations. Though fewer than two million of the OLPC’s XO computers have been distributed as of this writing, the initiative has caught the attention of world leaders, influenced developments in the global computer industry and sparked controversy and debate about the best way to improve the lot of the world’s poor. With six years having passed since Nicholas Negroponte first unveiled the idea, this paper appraises the program’s progress and impact and, in so doing, takes a fresh look at OLPC’s assumptions. The paper reviews the theoretical underpinnings of OLPC, analyzes the program’s development and summarizes the current state of OLPC deployments around the world. The analysis reveals that provision of individual laptops is a utopian vision for the children in the poorest countries, whose educational and social futures could be more effectively improved if the same investments were instead made on more proven and sustainable interventions. Middle- and high-income countries may have a stronger rationale for providing individual laptops to children, but will still want to eschew OLPC’s technocentric vision. In summary, OLPC represents the latest in a long line of technologically utopian development schemes that have unsuccessfully attempted to solve complex social problems with overly simplistic solutions.
Jeffrey James <br>
A critical economic analysis of OLPC as development policy in resource limited environments


=== Briefing Note – One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) in Afghanistan===
==== [http://www.paiwastoon.net/olpcbn/OLPC-BriefingNote.pdf Briefing Note – One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) in Afghanistan (2010)] ====
Lima Ahmad (AIMS), Kenneth Adams (AIMS), Mike Dawson (PAIWASTOON), Carol Ruth Silver (MTSA) <br>
Lima Ahmad (AIMS), Kenneth Adams (AIMS), Mike Dawson (PAIWASTOON), Carol Ruth Silver (MTSA) <br>
http://www.paiwastoon.net/olpcbn/OLPC-BriefingNote.pdf


==== [http://edutechdebate.org/one-laptop-per-child-impact/ EduTech Debate: discussion on OLPC impact (2010)] ====
==Economics==


==== [http://portal.acm.org/ft_gateway.cfm?id=1551997&type=html&coll=GUIDE&dl=GUIDE&CFID=82694215&CFTOKEN=95533515 One year of experiences with XO laptops in Uruguay (2009)] ====
===New Technology in Developing Countries: A Critique of the One-Laptop-Per-Child Program===
HTML Overview
[http://cl.ly/201M0s2q2l1R1K082e1V]
:Jeffrey James
::A critical economic analysis of OLPC as development policy in resource limited environments


==== Teacher Logs from Uruguay (2009) ====
Objective research in Uruguay done by sampling the previously recorded Lesson Plan logs of teachers for one week, to ascertain how many had included activities involving using XOs for learning activities.[http://www.cep.edu.uy/archivos/tecnica/Circular10Tecnica_09.pdf] and [http://www.cep.edu.uy/archivos/tecnica/Circular06Tecnica_09.pdf] give basic data, such as an average use of the XO for learning activities of less than 1.5 times per week, further interpretation would be useful.


==== OLPCNews: OLPC Overview (2009) ====
= One to One computing, ICT4D, Collaborative learning technology =
By Wayan Vota, Christoph Derndorfer and Bryan Berry of OLPC News ('''completely independent of OLPC''')<br>
* http://www.olpcnews.com/commentary/olpc_news/one_laptop_per_child_overview_2009.html<br>
* http://www.olpcnews.com/files/One_Laptop_Per_Child_Overview_2009.pdf


==== [[OLPC_Rochester,_NY/Usability_testing_class_project|OLPC Rochester, NY/Usability testing class project (2008)]] ====
== Promoting the Knowledge Economy in the Arab World ==
[http://sgo.sagepub.com/content/early/2011/07/27/2158244011417457.full Promoting the Knowledge Economy in the Arab World].
: Michael Lightfoot, [http://sgo.sagepub.com SageOpen], August 2011.
:: A study of Bahrain, Jordan, and UAE education and knowledge-based abilities of their students; mainly focused on secondary schools with and without ICT interventions.


==== [http://www.cs.uiowa.edu/~hourcade/ceibal-workshop.pdf Reflections on a Pilot OLPC Experience in Uruguay (2007)] ====
Juan Pablo Hourcade, Daiana Beitler, Fernando Cormenzana, and Pablo Flores, 2007, Uruguay
A two-page position paper presenting opinions regarding a pilot in Uruguay. From empirical data and observations, a positive impact on the children and their school activities is claimed by this Uruguayan team.
====IDE de programación orientado al desarrollo de arquitecturas robóticas basadas en comportamientos====
''Andrés Aguirre'' Nov. 2013, proyecto de grado (Universidad de la República, Uruguay)


Existen dentro de la educación distintos entornos para implementar comportamientos robóticos para el robot Butiá. Sin embargo, ninguno de estos promueve la estructuración de los programas desarrollados utilizando una arquitectura del paradigma reactivo... ...este proyecto se realizó como una extensión del entorno de desarrollo existente Etoys orientado a la arquitectura reactiva Subsumption.
== Designing Collaborative Learning Tech for the Developing World (Hoadley, et al.) ==
[[Image:OpenEd2007-Hoadley2-som.jpg|thumb|200px|Designing Appropriate Collaborative Learning Technologies for the Developing World [http://sugarlabs.org/go/Community/SOM SOM] from text]]
[http://www.51weeks.com/events/3/presentations/16 Designing Appropriate Collaborative Learning Technologies for the Developing World]
:''Christopher Hoadley, Sameer Honwad, Kenneth Tamminga. 205 ECC. September 26, 2007 10:00''
::In this presentation we report on two attempts to intervene in rural Himalayan villages with educational technology, one involving desktop computer technology, and one involving participatory video. We describe the unique constraints of designing appropriate educational technology for the developing world, and we propose a fourfold framework for design.<br>''A criticism of OLPC appears in the last section of this presentation.''
{{-}}


==== [https://theconversation.com/why-schools-should-provide-one-laptop-per-child-58696 Why Schools Should Provide One Laptop Per Child (2016) ] ====
== Educational Outcomes and Research from 1:1 Computing Settings (Bebell, O'Dwyer. JTLA) ==
By Binbin Zheng, Michigan State University and Mark Warschauer, University of California, both researchers of technology and learning in K-12 environments for over 10 years, write about their conclusions based upon their own research, experiences and results of 96 published global studies and found significant benefits: students’ test scores in science, writing, math and English language arts improved significantly and the benefits were not limited to test scores. OLPC is regularly mentioned.
[[Image:educational_outcomes_and_research_from_computing_settings_som.jpg|thumb|200px|Educational Outcomes and Research from 1:1 Computing Settings [http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Sugar_Labs/SOM SOM] from text]]
The Journal of Technology, Learning and Assessment ([http://escholarship.bc.edu/jtla/ JTLA])


=== External links ===
[http://escholarship.bc.edu/jtla/vol9/1/ Educational Outcomes and Research from 1:1 Computing Settings]
:''Damian Bebell and Laura O'Dwyer''
::Despite the growing interest in 1:1 computing initiatives, relatively little empirical research has focused on the outcomes of these investments. The current special edition of the Journal of Technology and Assessment presents four empirical studies of K–12 1:1 computing programs and one review of key themes in the conversation about 1:1 computing among advocates and critics. In this introduction to our 1:1 special edition, we synthesize across the studies and discuss the emergent themes. Looking specifically across these studies, we summarize evidence that participation in the 1:1 programs was associated with increased student and teacher technology use, increased student engagement and interest level, and modest increases in student achievement.
{{-}}

== Quantitative Results from the Berkshire Wireless Learning Initiative (Bebell, Kay. JTLA) ==
[[Image:one_to_one_computing_a_summary_of_the_quantitative_results_som.jpg|thumb|200px|One to One Computing: A Summary of the Quantitative Results from the Berkshire Wireless Learning Initiative [http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Sugar_Labs/SOM SOM] from text]]
The Journal of Technology, Learning and Assessment ([http://escholarship.bc.edu/jtla/ JTLA])

[http://escholarship.bc.edu/jtla/vol9/2/ One to One Computing: A Summary of the Quantitative Results from the Berkshire Wireless Learning Initiative]
:''Damian Bebell and Rachel Kay''
::This paper examines the educational impacts of the Berkshire Wireless Learning Initiative (BWLI), a pilot program that provided 1:1 technology access to all students and teachers across five public and private middle schools in western Massachusetts. Using a pre/post comparative study design, the current study explores a wide range of program impacts over the three years of the project’s implementation. Specifically, the current document provides an overview of the project background, implementation, research design and methodology, and a summary of the quantitative results. The study details how teaching and learning practices changed when students and teachers were provided with laptops, wireless learning environments, and additional technology resources. The results found that both the implementation and outcomes of the program were varied across the five 1:1 settings and over the three years of the student laptop implementation. Despite these differences, there was evidence that the types of educational access and opportunities afforded by 1:1 computing through the pilot program led to measurable changes in teacher practices, student achievement, student engagement, and students’ research skills.
{{-}}

== After Installation: Ubiquitous Computing and High School Science in 3 Schools (Drayton, et al. JTLA) ==
[[Image:after_installation_ubiquitous_computing_and_high_school_science_som.jpg|thumb|200px|After Installation: Ubiquitous Computing and High School Science in Three Experienced, High-Technology Schools [http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Sugar_Labs/SOM SOM] from text]]
The Journal of Technology, Learning and Assessment ([http://escholarship.bc.edu/jtla/ JTLA])

[http://escholarship.bc.edu/jtla/vol9/3/ After Installation: Ubiquitous Computing and High School Science in Three Experienced, High-Technology Schools]
:''Brian Drayton, Joni K. Falk, Rena Stroud, Kathryn Hobbs, and James Hammerman''
::There are few studies of the impact of ubiquitous computing on high school science, and the majority of studies of ubiquitous computing report on the first period of implementation. The present study presents data on 3 high schools with carefully elaborated ubiquitous computing systems, who have gone through at least one "obsolescence cycle" and are therefore several years past first implementation. Data shows how the affordances of 1:1, wireless environment are being deployed in these science classrooms, and the effects of the environment on science content, data analysis, labs and other uses for visualizations, and classroom interaction. While some positive effects are clearly seen in these classrooms, even 5 years or more into the innovation, problems remain, and school cultural factors seem to play an important role in teacher uptake and integration of the technology. Implications for teacher learning are discussed.
{{-}}

== Implementation Fidelity of Tech Immersion and Student Achievement (Shapley, et al. JTLA) ==
[[Image:evaluating_the_implementation_fidelity_of_technology_immersion_som.jpg|thumb|200px|Evaluating the Implementation Fidelity of Technology Immersion and its Relationship with Student Achievement [http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Sugar_Labs/SOM SOM] from text]]
The Journal of Technology, Learning and Assessment ([http://escholarship.bc.edu/jtla/ JTLA])

[http://escholarship.bc.edu/jtla/vol9/4/ Evaluating the Implementation Fidelity of Technology Immersion and its Relationship with Student Achievement]
:''Kelly S. Shapley, Daniel Sheehan, Catherine Maloney, and Fanny Caranikas-Walker''
::In a pilot study of the Technology Immersion model, high-need middle schools were “immersed” in technology by providing a laptop for each student and teacher, wireless Internet access, curricular and assessment resources, professional development, and technical and pedagogical support. This article examines the fidelity of model implementation and associations between implementation indicators and student achievement. Results across three years for 21 immersion schools show that the average levels of school support for Technology Immersion and teachers’ Classroom Immersion increased slightly, while the level of Student Access and Use declined. Implementation quality varied across schools and classrooms, with a quarter or less of schools and core-content classrooms reaching substantial implementation. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we found that teacher-level implementation components (Immersion Support, Classroom Immersion) were inconsistent and mostly not statistically significant predictors of student achievement, whereas students’ use of laptops outside of school for homework and learning games was the strongest implementation mediator of achievement.
{{-}}

== Laptops and Fourth Grade Literacy (Suhr, et al. JTLA) ==
[[Image:laptops_and_fourth_grade_literacy_assisting the_jump _over_the_fourth_grade_slump_som.jpg|thumb|200px|Laptops and Fourth Grade Literacy: Assisting the Jump over the Fourth-Grade Slump [http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Sugar_Labs/SOM SOM] from text]]
The Journal of Technology, Learning and Assessment ([http://escholarship.bc.edu/jtla/ JTLA])

[http://escholarship.bc.edu/jtla/vol9/5/ Laptops and Fourth Grade Literacy: Assisting the Jump over the Fourth-Grade Slump]
:''Kurt A. Suhr, David A. Hernandez, Doug Grimes, and Mark Warschauer''
::School districts throughout the country are considering how to best integrate technology into instruction. There has been a movement in many districts toward one-to-one laptop instruction, in which all students are provided a laptop computer, but there is concern that these programs may not yield sufficiently improved learning outcomes to justify their substantial cost. And while there has been a great deal of research on the use of laptops in schools, there is little quantitative research systematically investigating the impact of laptop use on test outcomes, and none among students at the fourth-to-fifth grade levels. This study investigated whether a one-to-one laptop program could help improve English language arts (ELA) test scores of upper elementary students, a group that often faces a slowdown of literacy development during the transition from learning to read to reading to learn known as the fourth-grade slump. We explore these questions by comparing changes in the ELA test scores of a group of students who entered a one-to-one laptop program in the fourth grade to a similar group of students in a traditional program in the same school district. After two years’ participation in the program, laptop students outperformed non-laptop students on changes in the ELA total score and in the three subtests that correspond most closely to frequent laptop use: writing strategies, literary response and analysis, and reading comprehension.
{{-}}

==The End of Techno-Critique: The Naked Truth about 1:1 Laptop Initiatives (Weston, Bain. JTLA) ==
[[Image:the_end_of_techno_critique_the_naked_truth_about_1_1_laptop_initiatives_and_educational_change_som.jpg|thumb|200px|The End of Techno-Critique: The Naked Truth about 1:1 Laptop Initiatives and Educational Change [http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Sugar_Labs/SOM SOM] from text]]
The Journal of Technology, Learning and Assessment ([http://escholarship.bc.edu/jtla/ JTLA])
:''Mark E. Weston and Alan Bain''

(The [[Academic_papers#Papers|most recent of 6 articles]] from the January/February 2010 Special Edition of the JLTA)
This is a review of ten years of enthusiastic rhetoric about 1:1 laptop initiatives, and criticisms of same from educational observers and critics (particularly those who advocate other models of educational change instead). The authors review over 100 papers, assessments, and smaller overviews, primarily of US educational efforts. They claim that for generations, most efforts to induce short-term measurable change in learning and teaching outcomes have failed by those limited metrics, and that 1:1 computing has attracted more than its share of criticism by being a recent high-profile and large-budget effort.

Some specific conclusions are drawn about the benefits of "cognitive tools" in saturation, and what sorts of schools and communities can best benefit from them. This seems like novel speculation and research -- citations are given mainly as a way of indicating what not to do. The authors recommend trying such efforts with self-organizing schools that engages students as well as teachers in designing the use of new tools, with active feedback loops that help all teachers and students contribute to a single pool of ideas and practices. And they conclude that many 1:1 programs make "idiosyncratic and sporadic" use of technology, advising "systemic and ubiquitous" use in a community instead.

{{-}}


==1:1 Technologies/Computing (Ethiopia)==
[[Image:Technologies computing in developing world m hooker som.jpg|thumb|200px|Technologies/Computing in the Developing World: Challenging the Digital Divide [http://wiki.sugarlabs.org/go/Sugar_Labs/SOM SOM] from text]]
[http://www.gesci.org/old/files/docman/1_to_1_Technologies_Computing_in_the_Developing_World_by_M._Hooker_GeSCI.doc 1:1 Technologies/Computing in the Developing World: Challenging the Digital Divide] (.doc file from GeSCI's [http://www.gesci.org/technology.html technology section]), by
[mailto:mary.hooker@gesci.org Mary Hooker] Education Specialist, [http://www.gesci.org Global e-Schools and Communities Initiative]. Requires ACM Membership to view.

:Very conventional, and not at all helpful in coming to grips with OLPC innovation and its consequences.--[[User:Mokurai|Mokurai]] 19:06, 23 October 2008 (UTC)
{{-}}

== ICT learning study for Chile. PISA Results 2006 (Kluttig, et al.) ==
''Martha Kluttig, Claudia Peirano, Constanza Vergara''
([http://www.pisaresconf09.org/user_uploads/files/context/room2/Kluttig_Peirano_Vergara.pdf pdf])

There is a low, significant and positive effect of the use of computers at home regarding school achievement. Furthermore, the frequent use of the computer at home impacts positively learning in science.

The relation between frequency of use and achievement hides a differentiated relation regarding to the type of task performed with the computer.

We haven't found concluding evidence to establish that having more computers available at school has impact on the performance of the students.

== Autonomous Learning Skills: Education and Technology for Strengthening Culture (Colombia) ==
"Sandra Barragán"
([http://olpcvichada.blogspot.com/2011/06/education-and-technology-for.html])

== Evaluation In OLPC: What For? What Has Been Done, What Could Be Done? ==
"Pierre Varly"
(http://varlyproject.files.wordpress.com/2010/10/evaluations-in-olpc-varly-eng-fin1.pdf)

= Ongoing Research (not yet published)=

== The shape of XO disruption ==
:''A study of the influence that the XO Laptop (the One Laptop Per Child Laptop) has on a middle school learning environment'' ([http://web.me.com/geraldar/The_Shape_of_Disruption/Documents.html draft HTML])

Data to be collected:
# Surveys that will examine the students’ ability to work effectively on projects; their comfort and proficiency with technology; and their autonomy as learners.
# Interviews with teachers and students in small groups.
# Samples of student work.
# Information about what programs are being used on the laptops and for how long.
# Observational recordings of classroom activities, in the form of notes as well as audio and video recordings.
# Samples of lesson plans.
# Assessments of student work.


== General assessments, requested and underway ==
''Please add topics and links.''

* Pre and post test survey results from the Birmingham, Alabama USA XO laptop dissemination (Shelia Cotten, University of Alabama-Birmingham, PI of the project)

* [[Projects/TestUsabilityOLPC | Evaluation of the OLPC with Usability Engineering ]]
* [[OLPC_Rochester,_NY/Usability_testing_class_project|Usability testing class project]]

* Results of portfolio methods for children with disabilities and for ESL learners

* Bryan Berry on a counting program that brought Nepalese children up several grade levels in arithmetic

* Increases in attendance

* Laptop hospital created by six-year-olds (where? in Nigeria?)

* Programming for children

* Objective research in Uruguay done by sampling the previously recorded Lesson Plan logs of teachers for one week, to ascertain how many had included activities involving using XOs for learning activities. [http://www.cep.edu.uy/archivos/tecnica/Circular10Tecnica_09.pdf] and [http://www.cep.edu.uy/archivos/tecnica/Circular06Tecnica_09.pdf] give basic data, such as an average use of the XO for learning activities of less than 1.5 times per week, further interpretation would be useful.


= Other Resources =

== Research mailing list ==

There is a [http://lists.laptop.org/listinfo/research mailing list] for discussions related to research around OLPC.

== Unsorted links ==
* [http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/local/207401/free-laptop-computers-just-a-yawn-for-some-students Thailand report], 2008-2010, mentioned in the Bangkok Post (improvement in reading and writing, and other learning skills not measured by their traditional metrics; urban students often had access to other computes at home)

== Education Bibliographies ==
:''selected bibliographical links with connections to [[Sugar]] and [[constructionist]] education, including information on uses of a variety of technologies in education, research on child development (especially Constructivism), and evaluations of programs in use.''

Moved to [http://www.sugarlabs.org/go/Education_Team/Education_Bibliographies Sugar Labs wiki page]

== External links ==
* [http://www.ceibal.edu.uy/ Portal Ceibal] (Uruguay)
* [http://www.ceibal.edu.uy/ Portal Ceibal] (Uruguay)
* [http://www.perueduca.edu.pe/olpc/OLPC_Home.html Peru Educa] (Peru)
* [http://www.perueduca.edu.pe/olpc/OLPC_Home.html Peru Educa] (Peru)
Line 434: Line 225:
* [http://www.mochiladigitaltelmex.com.mx/olpc/index.php/Herramientas_pedag%C3%B3gicas Mochila Digital] (Mexico)
* [http://www.mochiladigitaltelmex.com.mx/olpc/index.php/Herramientas_pedag%C3%B3gicas Mochila Digital] (Mexico)


=== References and footnotes ===

<references/>


[[category:presentations]]
[[category:reports]]
[[Category:Documentation]]
[[Category:Projects]]
[[Category:Education]]
[[Category:Evaluation]]
[[Category:Evaluation]]
[[Category:Research]]
[[Category:Statistics]]
[[Category:Metrics]]

Latest revision as of 10:24, 27 July 2016

Research, Outcome Monitoring & Impact Evaluation

Introduction

This page provides links to reports related to the OLPC project. We begin by looking at the resources used; share instruments and frameworks as well as white papers and inform about the organizations involved.

We then arrange the reports under four main headings:

  1. Research[1],
  2. Outcome Monitoring [2],
  3. Impact Evaluation [3]
  4. and other works under Miscellaneous [4].

Research, Monitoring & Evaluating is not only important as a way of improving, assessing and understanding what is happening in respective OLPC projects around the world, but also to connect this growing community at the forefront of technology integration in education to help build, suggest, and inform this field as it quickly grows and develops. In addition to the work itself, we are also at the apex of rethinking these approaches and models and innovating them to make sure the appropriate information and outcomes are being collected. The OLPC Learning Team, lead by Dr. Claudia Urrea have put forth a paper outlining the need for “Innovation in Evaluation.”[5]

We look forward for OLPC communities to continue contributing and sharing their work as well as welcome those looking for information on OLPC projects.

Please see also Experience, Constructionism, Reviews of OLPC, and Class Acts (a FLOSS Manuals community publication) for articles and other anecdotal works.

Resources

Instruments & Framework

to be added

White Papers

Innovation in Evaluation, by Dr. Claudia Urrea & Walter Bender (2012)

A look at the role of innovation in evaluation within OLPC projects and tools available through Sugar. Read more about their work here [6]

2011 OLPC in Rwanda Report by OLPC HQ (2011)

An OLPC HQ report on aspects of the Rwanda implementation.

One Laptop Per Child Pilot Project: Marshall Islands by Ministry of Education (2010)

This document outlines the Project Implementation Plan for the OLPC Pilot in the Marshall Islands. It is an addendum to the MOE Comprehensive Technology Plan.

Assessment and Overview of international M&E Reports, by the the OLPCF Learning Team (2010)

Recently published assessment of existing international M&E literature by local and government actors on OLPC distributions

Ghana: The One Laptop per Child Project and Its Applicability to Ghana, by Buchele & Owusu-Aning (2007)

An academic overview of work in Ghana, providing data and raising questions for anyone considering a national implementation.

Proposals

Please share works in progress

Research

Research is defined as the intent to add new general knowledge to the field using gathered information and data, [7] [8]

Literature

Educational Outcomes and Research from 1:1 Computing Settings (2010)

Damian Bebell and Laura O'Dwyer
The current special edition of the Journal of Technology and Assessment presents four empirical studies of K–12 1:1 computing programs and one review of key themes in the conversation about 1:1 computing among advocates and critics.

First Experiences with OLPC in European Classrooms (2009)

Describes early programs in Graz, Austria. 10/30/2009

Tackling the Problems of Quality and Disparity in Nepal's School - Education: The OLPC Model (2008)

Dr. Saurav Dev Bhatta, OLE Nepal, June 2008
The paper argues that utilizing the full potential of the OLPC concept requires simultaneous work in four areas: digital content development, teacher preparation, network and power infrastructure development, and government capacity development.

1:1 Technologies/Computing in the Developing World: Challenging the Digital Divide (2008)

Mary Hooker, Education Specialist, Global e-Schools and Communities Initiative. Requires ACM Membership to view.

Proposals

Please share works in progress

Outcome Monitoring

Outcome Monitoring is a form of evaluation or assessment. It allows programs to determine what is working, and what is not working, based from expected results, so that it may be addressed and improved on an on-going basis. [9]

Literature

The role of Headmasters in the successful implementation of One Laptop per Child: A case study in Rwanda” Ceri Whatley

Results from Birmingham's One Laptop per Child XO laptop project (2011)

Shelia Cotten, et al. This report focused on positive results for students who chose to take advantage of the program, differences that might account for teacher and student interest in taking advantage of it, and the value of bridging the digitial divide.

Ceibal Assessment 2010 Summary Document (2010)

English translation of Evaluación del Plan Ceibal 2010 DOCUMENTO RESUMEN [10]

Síntesis del informe de monitoreo del estado del parque de XO a abril de (2010)

Executive Summary of the 2010 OLPC monitoring report (Spanish)

Monitoreo y evaluación educativa del Plan Ceibal: Primeros resultados a nivel nacional (2010)

Plan Ceibal 2010 Monitoring Report (Spanish) Salamano, I., Pagés, P., Baraibar, A., Ferro, H., Pérez, L., & Pérez, M.

After Installation: Ubiquitous Computing and High School Science in Three Experienced, High-Technology Schools (2010)

Brian Drayton, Joni K. Falk, Rena Stroud, Kathryn Hobbs, and James Hammerman
The present study presents data on 3 high schools with carefully elaborated ubiquitous computing systems, who have gone through at least one "obsolescence cycle" and are therefore several years past first implementation.

One to One Computing: A Summary of the Quantitative Results from the Berkshire Wireless Learning Initiative (2010)

Damian Bebell and Rachel Kay
This paper examines the educational impacts of the Berkshire Wireless Learning Initiative (BWLI), a pilot program that provided 1:1 technology access to all students and teachers across five public and private middle schools in western Massachusetts.

Evaluacion Educativa, Plan Ceibal (Uruguay) (2009)

El presente resumen de evaluación educativa contiene los primeros datos representativos a nivel nacional producidos en torno al Plan Ceibal.

Haiti pre-pilot evaluation report (2009)

This IDB report provides an analysis of usage trends and outcomes for grades 1-5 after studying 50 students, assessed by interviews and observations. Gains were observed particularly in literacy (reading and writing) and student preparedness for the future (research about envisioning their future work options.

Early OLPC experiences in an Uruguayan School (2008)

This report on the first Uruguayan XO pilot, with 150 students in a rural school, provides a good observational overview of XO activities in the classroom.

Formative Evaluation of OLPC Project Nepal: A Summary (2008)

Rabi Karmacharya, OLE Nepal, June-August 2008
This is a summary of the findings of a formative evaluation carried out by Mr. Uttam Sharma, a doctoral student at at the Department of Applied Economics at the University of Minnesota. The evaluation was carried out for OLE Nepal’s internal purpose.

Evaluation of the Teaching Matters One Laptop Per Child (XO) Pilot at Kappa IV (2008)

Dr. Susan Lowes, Director, Research and Evaluation; and Cyrus Luhr, Research Assistant. Institute for Learning Technologies, Teachers College/Columbia University, June 2008.
Look at the impact of the implementation of XO laptops in Teaching Matters program in New York, USA.

Proposals

Please share works in progress

Impact Evaluation

Impact Evaluations are a particular type of evaluation that seeks to answer cause-and-effect questions. Unlike general evaluations, which can answer many types of questions, impact evaluations are structured around one particular type of question: What is the impact (or causal effect) of a program on an outcome of interest.” [11] [12]

Literature

Papers, Technology and Child Development: Evidence from the One Laptop per Child Program in Peru (2012)

Inter-American Development Bank February 2012 - 40 pages

The study measured

  1. academic achievement in Math
  2. academic achievement in Language
  3. cognitive skills - over the 15 months of the study, olpc kids are about six months ahead of peer group without OLPC XO's
  4. verbal fluency - over the 15 months of the study, olpc kids are about six months ahead of their peer group without OLPC XO's
  5. Laptop Competence - olpc kids have a good understanding of their XO and know how to work with them, search the internet, the wikipedia, use the word processor, read books, take pictures & movies, etc. - average score 65%

Not measured is e.g. the effect on the family when kids take the laptops home.

Even though this program has only recently been implemented, this document presents a few preliminary findings that could be relevant for its future development. On the one hand, we find evidence of better attitudes and expectations among teachers and parents; students that are more critical of school work and of their own performance; and a greater development of technological skills among girls and boys. On the other hand, there seems to be a decrease in the intensity of computer use in the classroom, as time passes and difficulties arise in the implementation of the project.

More:

  1. Complementary info & reaction by Oscar BECERRA - Responsible for designing and implementing OLPC in Peru - on the Inter-American Development Bank paper on OLPC of February 2012
    1. "In the case of the IDB study, having participated in the design and first stages I can assure the study was very well thought. However, as soon as the initial findings were reported, every interested party tried to “llevar agua para su molino” (bring water to its mill). For example, I heard many advocates of the ICT industry (the main detractor of the OLPC approach because it impacted its market share numbers) use the results to say the project was a failure and their approach should have been used."
    2. "attitudes and expectations of students parents and teachers which actually showed improvement. Students became more critical of the schools system and expected more of it. That is an important outcome that will certainly impact the quality for the system in the long term."
    3. "I did a study of impact of the program on intrinsic motivation towards school work and the results confirmed all the hypothesis. Students feel better and their readiness to work hard to learn things they think are important improves significantly more for participants in “Una Laptop por Niño” than for those who did not participate."
  1. Complementary info & reaction by OLPC Association CEO Rodrigo Arboleda - on the Inter-American Development Bank paper on OLPC of February 2012

Evaluation of One Laptop Per Child (OLPC), Trial project in the Solomon Islands (2010)

Australian Centre for Education Research 2010
The Trials described below in three schools in rural Solomon Islands were evaluated independently by Australian Centre for Education Research, the report was commissioned and is now published by the Solomon Islands Ministry of Education

Experimental Assessment of the Program "One Laptop Per Child" in Peru (2010)

Inter-American Development Bank July 2010
This paper presents the impact of the first large-scale randomized evaluation of the OLPC program, using data collected after 15 months of implementation in 319 primary schools in rural Peru. The results indicate that the program increased the ratio of computers per student from 0.12 to 1.18 in treatment schools.

Laptops and Fourth Grade Literacy: Assisting the Jump over the Fourth-Grade Slump (2010)

Kurt A. Suhr, David A. Hernandez, Doug Grimes, and Mark Warschauer'
This study investigated whether a one-to-one laptop program could help improve English language arts (ELA) test scores of upper elementary students.

Evaluating the Implementation Fidelity of Technology Immersion and its Relationship with Student Achievement (2010)

Kelly S. Shapley, Daniel Sheehan, Catherine Maloney, and Fanny Caranikas-Walker
This article examines the fidelity of model implementation and associations between implementation indicators and student achievement.

Evaluation of OLPC programs globally: a literature review, Version 4 (2010)

by Dita Nugroho and Michele Lonsdale. Australian Council for Educational Research, August 2010 Country program summaries, with XO deployment data, funding, and reported outcomes and impacts.

L’évaluation des déploiements OLPC : quelles méthodes ? French by Pierre Varly, consultant, member of OLPC France (2010)

English version

Evaluación de OLPC con Ingeniería de Usabilidad (2009)

An academic thesis by Ingeniero Carlos Mauro Cárdenas, Perú

Extending the Benefits of OLPC for Health (Fontelo, BMJ) (2009)

OLPC for Health Clinics in Developing Countries Fontelo, et. al. in AMIA symposium (2008)

Community Factors in Technology Adoption in Primary Education: Perspectives from Rural India 2100

Komathi Ale, Arul Chib. 2011 USC Annenberg School for Communication & Journalism. CC-by-nc-sa.3

One more survey-only research, 10 children and 3 teachers, India

Proposals

Please share works in progress

Miscellaneous

One to One Laptop Schools review (2012)

High-level overviews of the major 1:1 projects around the world, including the Magellan project and many OLPC projects.

Autonomous Learning Skills: Education and Technology for Strengthening Culture: Colombia (2011)

Sandra Barragán

New Technology in Developing Countries: A Critique of the One-Laptop-Per-Child Program (2010)

Jeffrey James
A critical economic analysis of OLPC as development policy in resource limited environments

Briefing Note – One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) in Afghanistan (2010)

Lima Ahmad (AIMS), Kenneth Adams (AIMS), Mike Dawson (PAIWASTOON), Carol Ruth Silver (MTSA)

EduTech Debate: discussion on OLPC impact (2010)

One year of experiences with XO laptops in Uruguay (2009)

HTML Overview

Teacher Logs from Uruguay (2009)

Objective research in Uruguay done by sampling the previously recorded Lesson Plan logs of teachers for one week, to ascertain how many had included activities involving using XOs for learning activities.[13] and [14] give basic data, such as an average use of the XO for learning activities of less than 1.5 times per week, further interpretation would be useful.

OLPCNews: OLPC Overview (2009)

By Wayan Vota, Christoph Derndorfer and Bryan Berry of OLPC News (completely independent of OLPC)

OLPC Rochester, NY/Usability testing class project (2008)

Reflections on a Pilot OLPC Experience in Uruguay (2007)

Juan Pablo Hourcade, Daiana Beitler, Fernando Cormenzana, and Pablo Flores, 2007, Uruguay A two-page position paper presenting opinions regarding a pilot in Uruguay. From empirical data and observations, a positive impact on the children and their school activities is claimed by this Uruguayan team.

IDE de programación orientado al desarrollo de arquitecturas robóticas basadas en comportamientos

Andrés Aguirre Nov. 2013, proyecto de grado (Universidad de la República, Uruguay)

Existen dentro de la educación distintos entornos para implementar comportamientos robóticos para el robot Butiá. Sin embargo, ninguno de estos promueve la estructuración de los programas desarrollados utilizando una arquitectura del paradigma reactivo... ...este proyecto se realizó como una extensión del entorno de desarrollo existente Etoys orientado a la arquitectura reactiva Subsumption.

Why Schools Should Provide One Laptop Per Child (2016)

By Binbin Zheng, Michigan State University and Mark Warschauer, University of California, both researchers of technology and learning in K-12 environments for over 10 years, write about their conclusions based upon their own research, experiences and results of 96 published global studies and found significant benefits: students’ test scores in science, writing, math and English language arts improved significantly and the benefits were not limited to test scores. OLPC is regularly mentioned.

External links

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