Glossary: Difference between revisions
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== |
==Hardware== |
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;taking a pic |
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;reading a book |
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;creating a page |
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;annotating a page |
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;animating a drawing |
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;making sounds & music |
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;measuring and sensing |
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;sharing your favorites |
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;inviting your friends |
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;surfing on the web, etc... |
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;XO laptop:a flexible, ultra low-cost, power-efficient, and durable laptop computer designed by OLPC; features include mesh networking and a sun-light readable display |
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== XO terms == |
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; |
;XS school server:the school server extends the storage and computation provided by each laptop, as well as providing a local library and a mesh portal to the Internet. |
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;serverless peer-to-peer: a wayof providing peer-to-peer sharing of data via peer-to-peer connectivity, from one XO to another. |
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;XS server: see ''school server'' |
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==Networking== |
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== networking terms == |
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;infrastructure: sometimes used to describe traditional network connectivity, with an access point |
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;mesh: see ''mesh layer'' |
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;mesh view (AKA neighborhood view): A view of who is sharing the mesh network with you. See ''sugar terms'' |
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;[[mesh layer]]: a layer that can run over peer-to-peer, over infrastructure, etc. |
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;peer-to-peer: see ''serverless peer-to-peer'' |
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;presence: |
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;[[jabber]]: networking protocol that the XO uses |
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;[[tubes]]: tubes runs over the mesh and over traditional infrastructure. |
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;simple mesh: |
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;school server mesh: |
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;mesh channel: |
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;access point: |
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;infrastructure mode: |
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;mesh portal point: |
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;mesh network:A wireless mesh network is a communications network made up of radio nodes in which there are at least two pathways of communication to each node. The coverage area of the radio nodes working as a single network becomes a mesh cloud. |
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== terms for the outer case == |
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;infrastructure mode:network connectivity through a WiFi access point, e.g., 802.11b/g |
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;[[dual-tone]]: the two-color nature of the icon on the outside of the laptop; one color or tone for the '''<font color="orange">o</font>''' and the other for the '''<font color="green">x</font>''' |
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;mesh mode:network connectivity through a mesh network, e.g., 802.11s |
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;simple mesh mode:a mesh network that is running between laptops without a School Server |
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;school server mesh mode:a mesh network that is mediated by a School Server |
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;presence:a discovery service for finding other laptops on the network |
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;jabber:a protocol that the laptop uses for collaboration |
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;tubes:a protocol for passing data between laptops |
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;mesh channel:the laptops use three channels for communication: 1, 6, and 11; in simple mesh mode, the laptops can only see other laptops on the same channel; in a School Server mesh, laptops on all channels are visible |
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;access point (AP):an AP is a device that connects wireless communication devices together to form a wireless network. The AP usually connects to a wired network and can relay data between wireless devices and wired devices. Several APs can link together to form a larger network. |
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;mesh portal point:a mesh node that serves as a gateway (portal) to a network external to the mesh |
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== |
==Operating system and firmware== |
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;operating system (OS):The low-level system that manages the various files, processes, etc. needed to operate the laptop; the OS used by the XO laptop is the RedHat Fedora distribution of Linux. |
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;[[Forth]]: God's gift to terse programmers |
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;build: a specific instance of the operating system, designated by category and number; e.g., Ship.2-656; Update.1-698; Joyride-1792 |
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;[[Open Firmware]]: God's gift to hardware debuggers |
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;reflash:the process by which a fresh build is installed in the laptop; reflashing overwrites all files, including files in /home/olpc, so it should be done with caution |
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;System Firmware:The system firmware is made up of 2 parts: The EC and OFW. The first part is the software that runs the embedded controller (EC). The EC handles the processing of the keyboard, touchpad, game buttons, power button, and charging the battery. The second part is OpenFirmware (OFW). OFW is responsible for initializing the hardware and booting the operating system. OFW also handles boot security so that it will only load "offical" OLPC operating systems. |
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;update (olpc-update): the process by which incremental changes to a build are installed on the laptop; |
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;system firmware:The system firmware is made up of 2 parts: The EC and OFW. The first part is the software that runs the embedded controller (EC). The EC handles the processing of the keyboard, touchpad, game buttons, power button, and charging the battery. The second part is OpenFirmware (OFW). OFW is responsible for initializing the hardware and booting the operating system. OFW also handles boot security so that it will only load “offical” OLPC operating systems. |
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;wireless firmware:The wireless firmware is software that controls the operation of the wireless radio. It is downloaded into the wireless radio by the operating system. |
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==External storage== |
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;jumpdrive/thumb drive/USB drive/USB stick/memory stick:A small, external storage device that plugs into one of the USB ports on a computer. They can store between 16MB (enough to hold several music files) up to 4GB (enough to hold several high quality full-length movie files) and a wide range in between. Jump drives are easily purchased at any electronic store starting as low as $5 to $10. The XO laptop has three USB slots. |
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;Wireless Firmware: The wireless firmware is software that controls the operation of the wireless radio. It is downloaded into the wireless radio by the operating system. |
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;SD card:Secure Digital (SD) is a flash (non-volatile) memory card format used in portable devices, including digital cameras, handheld computers, PDAs, and mobile phones. SD card capacities range from 8 MB to 32 GB. The XO laptop has one SD slot. |
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==User Interface== |
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== external storage device terms == |
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;Sugar UI:the user interface of the laptop is called “Sugar”; it consists of four views, the Frame, and the Journal |
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;Jumpdrive: A small, external storage device that plugs into one of the USB ports on a computer. They can store between 16MB (enough to hold several music files) up to 4GB (enough to hold several high quality full-length movie files) and a wide range in between. Jump drives are easily purchased at any electronic store starting as low as $5 to $10. |
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;home view:a view of what activities you are running and other status information—home view is the starting view on the laptop; |
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;Thumb drive: see jump drive |
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;group view:a view of your friends with whom you are working on shared projects; |
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;USB drive: see jump drive |
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;neighborhood view:a view of who is on the network with you and what activities and content are being shared; |
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;USB Stick: see jump drive |
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;activity view:a view used by the current activity that is running on the laptop |
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;Memory Stick: see jump drive |
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;Frame:the Frame, which can appear in any view, holds a clipboard, the task bar (for starting activities), navigation controls, and list of “buddies” (collaborators); |
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== |
==Activities and Content== |
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;dual-tone: see ''terms for the outer case''; |
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;home view: a view of what activities you are running, and how much memory they take—the starting view on the laptop; |
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;group view: a view of your friends with whom you are working on shared projects; |
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;neighborhood view: a view of who is sharing the network with you (mesh or otherwise) and what activities are being shared there; |
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;taskbar: the bottom bar of the frame; |
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;activity:an application that has an icon in the taskbar, e.g., Write, Record, Browse; Activities engage you in taking a picture, reading a book, creating a page, annotating a page, animating a drawing, making sounds and music, measuring and sensing, sharing your favorites, inviting your friends, surfing on the web, etc... |
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== activities == |
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;content:books, music, movies, photographs, drawings, etc. that are created on the laptop or downloaded to the laptop |
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;Activity: a Sugarized application that can have an icon in the taskbar; |
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;content library:content that is created on the laptop is accessed through the Journal; preloaded content is stored in a library and is accessed through the Browse activity |
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;bundle: (also activity bundle, content bundle, collection) |
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;bundle/activity bundle:a “zip” file with a .xo suffix used to package and distribute activities; bundles are installed in /home/olpc/Activities |
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;content bundle/collection: a “zip” file with a .xol suffix used to package and distribute content; bundles are installed in /home/olpc/Library |
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== |
==Power Options== |
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;library: |
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;content bundle: |
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;collection: |
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;[[books#terminology|book]]: |
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;human power:energy generated by people, typically through mechanical means, such as a hand crank, foot pedal, or pulley system |
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== linux commands and entities == |
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;solar power:energy generated by the sun, either in the form a 5–10 Watt panel to power an individual laptop or a 150–300 Watt panel to power a multibattery charger or school server |
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;man: |
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;multi-battery charger:a prototype classroom device used to charge 12–15 batteries at one time |
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;sudo: |
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;power adapter:each laptop comes with a power adapter to allow it to be plugged into a power socket |
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;root: (as in the user) |
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;XoctoPlug:a prototype classroom device used to power up to 8 laptops without the use of individual power adapters |
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;rpm: |
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== |
==Security== |
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;human power: |
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;solar power: |
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;multi-battery charger: |
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;power strip: |
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;hand crank: |
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;pulley system: |
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;XOctoPlug: |
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;BitFrost:the OLPC security platform. |
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== Security == |
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;Rainbow:Rainbow implements the isolation shell implicitly described in the Bitfrost security specification. This means that it isolates activities (and eventually system services) that it is asked to run from one another and the rest of the system. |
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;[[BitFrost]]:the OLPC security platform. |
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;activation:In order to use your laptop for the first time (or after a “reflash” of the operating system), it must be unlocked by an activation key. |
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;[[Rainbow]]:Rainbow implements the isolation shell implicitly described in the Bitfrost security specification. This means that it isolates activities (and eventually system services) that it is asked to run from one another and the rest of the system. |
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;activation key:The key that unlocks the laptop |
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;Activation:In order to use your laptop for the first time (or after a "reflash" of the operating system), it must be unlocked by an activation key. |
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;developer key:If the boot firmware sees a developer key, it makes the XO laptop work just like any ordinary PC-style laptop, in the sense that it will let you interrupt the boot process and enter commands; and it will try to boot and run any program you supply to it, no matter whether the OLPC organization has tested or signed it. (The laptop also works this way if its firmware security is disabled.) |
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;Activation key:The key that unlocks the laptop |
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;signed/unsigned builds:OLPC produces both "signed" and "unsigned" builds of the operating system. Signed builds are release builds that have undergone QA testing. Unsigned builds are development builds, which are used for testing new features and bug fixes. You cannot run an unsigned build in your laptop unless you have either a developer key or security has been turned off (as in the case of the G1G1 laptops). |
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;[[Activation_and_Developer_Keys|Developer key]]:If the boot firmware sees a developer key, it makes the XO laptop work just like any ordinary PC-style laptop, in the sense that it will let you interrupt the boot process and enter commands; and it will try to boot and run any program you supply to it, no matter whether the OLPC organization has tested or signed it. (The laptop also works this way if its firmware security is disabled.) |
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;key generation:The process of generating both activation and developer keys |
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;Signed/unsigned builds:OLPC produces both "signed" and "unsigned" builds of the operating system. Signed builds are release builds that have undergone QA testing. Unsigned builds are development builds, which are used for testing new features and bug fixes. You cannot run an unsigned build in your laptop unless you have either a developer key or security has been turned off (as in the case of the G1G1 laptops). |
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;lease:When a laptop is activated, the activation has an expiration date. The period between activation and expiration is the lease period. The lease period is determined during the key-generation process; the laptop can be reactivated after the lease has expired. |
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;key generation:The process of generating both activation and developer keys |
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;passive kill:currently unsupported, this is a mechanism that uses the lease mechanism to require laptops to periodically ask for a renewed activation. Without the renewal, the lease will expire and the laptop will be locked. |
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;lease:When a laptop is activated, the activation has an expiration date. The period between activation and expiration is the lease period. The lease period is determined during the key-generation process; the laptop can be reactivated after the lease has expired. |
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; |
;active kill:currently unsupported, this is mechanism where by a laptop that has been reported stolen can be remotely shutdown when it connects to the Internet. |
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;malware:Malware is software designed to infiltrate or damage a computer system without the owner's informed consent. Linux is relatively robust in light of malware and Rainbow provides additional protections above and beyond the standard Linux defaults. |
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;active kill: currently unsupported, this is mechanism where by a laptop that has been reported stolen can be remotely shutdown when it connects to the Internet. |
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;computer virus:a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer without permission or knowledge of the user, a type of malware. |
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;virus: |
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;malware: |
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== |
==Documentation and Support== |
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;Wiki: |
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;IRC: |
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;Email list: |
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;Wiki:a collaborative website that allows for community contributions and editing, e.g., http://wiki.laptop.org |
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== Localization == |
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;IRC/chat:real-time text chat used by the development and technical support communities (and hopefully the learning community as well) |
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;Pootle: |
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;email list:a collection of email addresses—an efficient way to send email to a group of people who share an interest |
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;translation: |
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;keyboard: |
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==Localization== |
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;Pootle:a server that is used to store and manage translation templates and files |
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;POT file:the master translation template for a project |
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;PO file:a file containing the instance of translated strings for a single language based upon a POT file |
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Revision as of 16:36, 12 March 2008
Hardware
- XO laptop
- a flexible, ultra low-cost, power-efficient, and durable laptop computer designed by OLPC; features include mesh networking and a sun-light readable display
- XS school server
- the school server extends the storage and computation provided by each laptop, as well as providing a local library and a mesh portal to the Internet.
Networking
- mesh network
- A wireless mesh network is a communications network made up of radio nodes in which there are at least two pathways of communication to each node. The coverage area of the radio nodes working as a single network becomes a mesh cloud.
- infrastructure mode
- network connectivity through a WiFi access point, e.g., 802.11b/g
- mesh mode
- network connectivity through a mesh network, e.g., 802.11s
- simple mesh mode
- a mesh network that is running between laptops without a School Server
- school server mesh mode
- a mesh network that is mediated by a School Server
- presence
- a discovery service for finding other laptops on the network
- jabber
- a protocol that the laptop uses for collaboration
- tubes
- a protocol for passing data between laptops
- mesh channel
- the laptops use three channels for communication: 1, 6, and 11; in simple mesh mode, the laptops can only see other laptops on the same channel; in a School Server mesh, laptops on all channels are visible
- access point (AP)
- an AP is a device that connects wireless communication devices together to form a wireless network. The AP usually connects to a wired network and can relay data between wireless devices and wired devices. Several APs can link together to form a larger network.
- mesh portal point
- a mesh node that serves as a gateway (portal) to a network external to the mesh
Operating system and firmware
- operating system (OS)
- The low-level system that manages the various files, processes, etc. needed to operate the laptop; the OS used by the XO laptop is the RedHat Fedora distribution of Linux.
- build
- a specific instance of the operating system, designated by category and number; e.g., Ship.2-656; Update.1-698; Joyride-1792
- reflash
- the process by which a fresh build is installed in the laptop; reflashing overwrites all files, including files in /home/olpc, so it should be done with caution
- update (olpc-update)
- the process by which incremental changes to a build are installed on the laptop;
- system firmware
- The system firmware is made up of 2 parts: The EC and OFW. The first part is the software that runs the embedded controller (EC). The EC handles the processing of the keyboard, touchpad, game buttons, power button, and charging the battery. The second part is OpenFirmware (OFW). OFW is responsible for initializing the hardware and booting the operating system. OFW also handles boot security so that it will only load “offical” OLPC operating systems.
- wireless firmware
- The wireless firmware is software that controls the operation of the wireless radio. It is downloaded into the wireless radio by the operating system.
External storage
- jumpdrive/thumb drive/USB drive/USB stick/memory stick
- A small, external storage device that plugs into one of the USB ports on a computer. They can store between 16MB (enough to hold several music files) up to 4GB (enough to hold several high quality full-length movie files) and a wide range in between. Jump drives are easily purchased at any electronic store starting as low as $5 to $10. The XO laptop has three USB slots.
- SD card
- Secure Digital (SD) is a flash (non-volatile) memory card format used in portable devices, including digital cameras, handheld computers, PDAs, and mobile phones. SD card capacities range from 8 MB to 32 GB. The XO laptop has one SD slot.
User Interface
- Sugar UI
- the user interface of the laptop is called “Sugar”; it consists of four views, the Frame, and the Journal
- home view
- a view of what activities you are running and other status information—home view is the starting view on the laptop;
- group view
- a view of your friends with whom you are working on shared projects;
- neighborhood view
- a view of who is on the network with you and what activities and content are being shared;
- activity view
- a view used by the current activity that is running on the laptop
- Frame
- the Frame, which can appear in any view, holds a clipboard, the task bar (for starting activities), navigation controls, and list of “buddies” (collaborators);
Activities and Content
- activity
- an application that has an icon in the taskbar, e.g., Write, Record, Browse; Activities engage you in taking a picture, reading a book, creating a page, annotating a page, animating a drawing, making sounds and music, measuring and sensing, sharing your favorites, inviting your friends, surfing on the web, etc...
- content
- books, music, movies, photographs, drawings, etc. that are created on the laptop or downloaded to the laptop
- content library
- content that is created on the laptop is accessed through the Journal; preloaded content is stored in a library and is accessed through the Browse activity
- bundle/activity bundle
- a “zip” file with a .xo suffix used to package and distribute activities; bundles are installed in /home/olpc/Activities
- content bundle/collection
- a “zip” file with a .xol suffix used to package and distribute content; bundles are installed in /home/olpc/Library
Power Options
- human power
- energy generated by people, typically through mechanical means, such as a hand crank, foot pedal, or pulley system
- solar power
- energy generated by the sun, either in the form a 5–10 Watt panel to power an individual laptop or a 150–300 Watt panel to power a multibattery charger or school server
- multi-battery charger
- a prototype classroom device used to charge 12–15 batteries at one time
- power adapter
- each laptop comes with a power adapter to allow it to be plugged into a power socket
- XoctoPlug
- a prototype classroom device used to power up to 8 laptops without the use of individual power adapters
Security
- BitFrost
- the OLPC security platform.
- Rainbow
- Rainbow implements the isolation shell implicitly described in the Bitfrost security specification. This means that it isolates activities (and eventually system services) that it is asked to run from one another and the rest of the system.
- activation
- In order to use your laptop for the first time (or after a “reflash” of the operating system), it must be unlocked by an activation key.
- activation key
- The key that unlocks the laptop
- developer key
- If the boot firmware sees a developer key, it makes the XO laptop work just like any ordinary PC-style laptop, in the sense that it will let you interrupt the boot process and enter commands; and it will try to boot and run any program you supply to it, no matter whether the OLPC organization has tested or signed it. (The laptop also works this way if its firmware security is disabled.)
- signed/unsigned builds
- OLPC produces both "signed" and "unsigned" builds of the operating system. Signed builds are release builds that have undergone QA testing. Unsigned builds are development builds, which are used for testing new features and bug fixes. You cannot run an unsigned build in your laptop unless you have either a developer key or security has been turned off (as in the case of the G1G1 laptops).
- key generation
- The process of generating both activation and developer keys
- lease
- When a laptop is activated, the activation has an expiration date. The period between activation and expiration is the lease period. The lease period is determined during the key-generation process; the laptop can be reactivated after the lease has expired.
- passive kill
- currently unsupported, this is a mechanism that uses the lease mechanism to require laptops to periodically ask for a renewed activation. Without the renewal, the lease will expire and the laptop will be locked.
- active kill
- currently unsupported, this is mechanism where by a laptop that has been reported stolen can be remotely shutdown when it connects to the Internet.
- malware
- Malware is software designed to infiltrate or damage a computer system without the owner's informed consent. Linux is relatively robust in light of malware and Rainbow provides additional protections above and beyond the standard Linux defaults.
- computer virus
- a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer without permission or knowledge of the user, a type of malware.
Documentation and Support
- Wiki
- a collaborative website that allows for community contributions and editing, e.g., http://wiki.laptop.org
- IRC/chat
- real-time text chat used by the development and technical support communities (and hopefully the learning community as well)
- email list
- a collection of email addresses—an efficient way to send email to a group of people who share an interest
Localization
- Pootle
- a server that is used to store and manage translation templates and files
- POT file
- the master translation template for a project
- PO file
- a file containing the instance of translated strings for a single language based upon a POT file
This article is a stub. You can help the OLPC project by expanding it.