Installing Debian as an upgrade

These instructions assume you are starting from build 562 or later, which has support for booting from multiple images.

Secondly, you must have enabled the upgradable stuff; at the moment this is done by booting with 'upgrade' on the kernel command line. Deep magic here; it will become less magic in the future.

Now, boot into sugar. You are currently running from the system in /versions/run/a, and /versions/run/b contains a mirror image of this. We're going to replace /versions/run/b with debian.

Step 1: Create debian bootstrap

From an existing debian system, as root (fakeroot won't work, sadly):

# apt-get install debootstrap
# mkdir mnt
# debootstrap --include=udev,wireless-tools etch mnt http://http.us.debian.org/debian/

Wait awhile. Eventually, you'll have a complete debian bootstrap system in mnt.

# tar -C mnt -czf xo-debian.tgz .
# /bin/rm -rf mnt

If you don't have a debian system, download a prebuilt xo-debian.tgz here.

Put xo-debian.tgz on a usb key.

Step 2: Install debian bootstrap

From the XO, log in as root on console. Insert usb key.

# cd /versions/run
# /bin/rm -rf b ; mkdir b ; cd b
# tar xzf /media/*/xo-debian.tgz
# cp /etc/{hosts,fstab} /versions/run/b/etc/
# cp -r /lib/modules/* /versions/run/b/lib/modules
# cp -r /lib/firmware /versions/run/b/lib
# mkdir -p /versions/run/b/{versions,security,var/cache/apt/cache}

You also need to use the fix at [1] to make apt work. Use vi or nano to edit files. The fix from the link is quoted below, with some edits and paths adjusted appropriately:

Note: to get around the apt-get jffs2/mmap issue, I added the following line to /versions/run/b/etc/fstab:

 tmpfs   /var/cache/apt/cache  tmpfs defaults 0 0

and created /versions/run/b/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/00-tmpfs-cache with:

 Dir {
  Cache "var/cache/apt/" {
   srcpkgcache "cache/srcpkgcache.bin";
   pkgcache "cache/pkgcache.bin";
  };
 };

Not exactly ideal, but it works for me. It will take apt a little while to rebuild the cache after you reboot, of course. I think you could achieve persistence by copying the files to/from the tmpfs either in startup/shutdown scripts, or maybe pre-/post-invocation hooks in apt (which might have the added benefit of being able to mount/unmount the tmpfs on demand).

Step 3: Boot into Debian!

Shutdown your XO, then take out your usb key. As documented at Cheat codes, reboot while holding down the 'O' key to switch to the alternate OS (debian!). Reboot again with 'O' pressed down to switch back later.

Step 4: Start networking

Just use ifconfig if you've got a supported wired ethernet adapter. To connect to an access point:

# modprobe usb8xxx
# iwconfig eth0 essid <your-access-point>
# dhclient eth0

(The modprobe command is unnecessary if udev did it's job. You might look at the output to 'lsmod' to check that it's loaded.)

Step 5: Install fun stuff

For example:

# apt-get update
# apt-get install emacs

(aptitude will pull in 'suggests' dependencies, which will bloat your system. use apt-get instead.)

# apt-get install gnome-terminal gdm xserver-xorg-video-fbdev xorg metacity xterm gnome-core

(Don't worry too much about the xserver config -- just take the defaults, we'll fix it in a second.)

# apt-get remove xfonts-75dpi xserver-xorg-input-wacom

Now download [2] and copy it to /etc/X11/xorg.conf.

You'll probably want to use 'adduser' to add a user to the system, too. Reboot and voila! Graphical goodness.