OLPC Haiti/Background

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Haiti's National Education Background

General Background It is difficult to find a complete account of how Haiti's national education system is organized and functions today. There remains significant exclusion and structural deficiencies in Haiti's education system. High school costs (parents must pay school fees to enroll children in public schools), limited access, and a lack of classroom space, teaching materials, basic functions are all problems. <ref> Education report from the UN Special Envoy for Haiti Website; http://www.haitispecialenvoy.org/reports/education </ref> Following the January 2010 earthquake, it has become more difficult to find the most up to date and accurate education information has become more difficult.

National Strategy Education for All (SNA-EPT): In 2007, the Haitian Ministry of Education in cooperation with international and national partners developed a National Strategy Education for All (SNA-EPT) (read an English summary on the UN Special Envoy to Haiti's website). The plan's main priorities include:

  • Improve equity in the development and protection of early childhood
  • Improve equity in the access to formal and non formal education
  • Improve the internal efficiency of basic and post-basic education
  • Improve the external efficiency of basic and post-basic education
  • Improve the overall management and governance of the system.

In addition, the Government of Haiti has identified the following top three challenges in the area of education:

  • Increasing enrollment of primary school children (more than 500,000 children are not in school);
  • Improving the quality of education (only 20% of primary school teachers are trained);
  • Reducing the number of over-aged students in classes (each year, more than 9% of children are not promoted to the next grade).

In response to the SNA-EPT, the UN Special Envoy to Haiti is working with the Government of Haiti to identify 3-5 strategic interventions that will address the challenges above. These include teacher salary support, teacher training, tuition vouchers, school feeding, and supporting "safe" school reconstruction and rehabilitation.

Education Statistics

1. UNICEF Education Statistics in Haiti from 2003-2007/2008 (Prior to 2010 Earthquake)
Categories Numbers
Primary school net enrolment/ attendance (%), 2003–2008 50%
Total adult literacy rate (%), 2003–2008 62%
Youth (15–24 years) literacy rate, 2003–2007, male 76%
Youth (15–24 years) literacy rate, 2003–2007, female 87%
Percentage of population with phones 26%
Percentage of population that use Internet 10%
Primary School Attendance Ratio, net male to net female (2003-2008) 48:52
Secondary School Attendance ratio, male to female (2003-2008) 18:21
Survival Rate to Last Primary grade (2003-2008) 85%


2. Other Education Statistics (Prior to 2010 Earthquake)
Categories Numbers
Percent of population under the age of 18 <ref>UN Office of the Special Envoy for Haiti; http://www.haitispecialenvoy.org/key_statistics/</ref> 50%
Schooling expense per family <ref>La Stratégie Nationale d’Action pour l’Education pour Tous (SNA EPT), 2007. p. 20</ref> 109 USD per year
Schooling expense as a percentage of income for a low-income family <ref> Plan Cadre des Nations Unies pour l’Aide au Développement, UNDAF 2009-2011, 2008. p.10</ref> 40%
Education share of the budget <ref>UN Office of the Special Envoy for Haiti; http://www.haitispecialenvoy.org/reports/education/</ref> 9%
Gross enrollment ratio in basic and post-basic education <ref>UNDAF 2009-2011, 2008. p.11</ref> 124% (due to a large number of over-aged students in the system)
Percentage of over-age children attending school <ref>UNICEF Humanitarian Action Report 2008; http://www.unicef.org/har08/index_haiti.php</ref> 50%
Percentage of children enrolled in primary school that will make it to sixth grade <ref>UNICEF Humanitarian Action Report 2008; http://www.unicef.org/har08/index_haiti.php</ref> 40%
Number of children ages 6-11 that are out of the educational system <ref>La Stratégie Nationale d’Action pour l’Education pour Tous (SNA EPT), 2007. p. 18</ref> 400,000 (or 22% of total)
Percentage of educational demand that public schools cover <ref>Plan Cadre des Nations Unies pour l’Aide au Développement, UNDAF 2009-2011, 2008. p.10 </ref> 20%
Number of schools affected by the January 2010 earthquake <ref>UN Office of the Special Envoy for Haiti; http://www.haitispecialenvoy.org/key_statistics/</ref> 4,992 (23% of all schools)


3. Social Sector Losses from January 2010 Earthquake (Since August 5, 2010):
PDNA Sector/PDNA SubSector Cost of Private Damages (USD) Cost of Public Damages (USD) Cost of Private Economic Losses (USD) Cost of Public Economic Losses
Culture (3.23%) 4,350,000 21,402,000 15,500,000 8,150,000
Education (40.96%) 437,771,309 41,150,419 140,056,013 8,005,975
Food Security and Nutrition (21.56%) 292,500,000 2,500,000 35,000,000
Health (30.72%) 101,875,000 94,604,600 86,172,381 187,627,388
Sports and Leisure (.76%) 3,500,000 7,750,000 400,000
Water and Sanitation (2.77%) 14,080,000 19,104,632 418,752 8,838,505
TOTAL LOSS IN SOCIAL SECTOR 854,076,309 186,511,651 277,147,146 213,021,868

OLPC's work in Haiti

Deployments: In a partnership with the Inter-American Development Bank, 13,700 XOs have been purchased for students and teachers in 60 Haitian schools. This number includes 10,000 laptops from the Give One Get One program. Hundreds more have been deployed in smaller pilots by independent NGOs. Following the earthquake in January 2010, almost 3,000 used XOs have been donated by individuals around the world through the OLPC for Haiti project.

Waveplace: Waveplace is a non-profit organization that raises money to purchase XOs for Caribbean children, creates training materials that teach digital media skills, and inspires teachers to use computers in new ways. From February to September of 2008, Waveplace donated 23 XOs to students from the Mercy & Sharing John Branchizio School in Port au Prince, Haiti. Waveplace also provides XO and Etoys training. Following the January 2010 earthquake, Waveplace returned to Haiti in March to organize a two week workshop at Matènwa Community Learning Center for 20 trainee mentors and 26 children. The workshop aimed to train mentors who can each train an additional twenty mentors to lead eight Waveplace pilot projects using XO laptops and Squeak Etoys. OLPC also re-donated 200 laptops being used by 40 mentors and 160 children in Haiti. Check out the Waveplace Haiti blog entries and their OLPC wiki page

Other Education Development Initiatives

NGOs

Haiti Partners: Haiti Partners is a non-profit organization working to help Haitians change Haiti through education for students, teachers, leaders, and disciples. Through the organization's Students Program, Haiti Partners is working to educate 1,400 students in seven partner schools with a set of goals. The organization is working to improve facilities, provide educational materials, train teachers in participatory education methods, and provide training and seed capital for school staff and the local community to create social enterprises. Haiti Partners does not provides 100% of the funding for its schools, but identifies and supports education groups with teacher and leadership training, materials, construction dn repair work, and social enterprise training and financial support. By partnering with successful education initiatives, Haitian Partners aims to create a sustainable and replicable model to ensure that in all Haitian children have access to quality education. In addition to the Students Program, the organization also has a Teacher's Program to train 300 teachers. The program supports individual teacher trainers through the six month "Circle of Change" training program, pays for books and videos, and provides seminars and workshops for trainers and participants.

Partners in Health: Partners in Health is a Boston-based NGO dedicated to providing a "preferential option for the poor." Located in Cange, Haiti, Zanmi Lasante is PIH’s oldest and largest project that has grown into a socialmedical complex. PIH now has an additional eight sites throughout Haiti. Through its community-based model, the organization hires local people as community health workers to monitor the needs of the community and to deliver health care to people with chronic diseases such as TB and HIV/AIDS. Today, ZL ranks as one of the largest nongovernmental health care providers in Haiti – serving a catchment area of 1.2 million across the Central Plateau and the Lower Artibonite. ZL employs over 4,000 people, almost all of them Haitians, including doctors, nurses and community health workers. PIH created a "Stand By Haiti Campaign" to raise funds and recruit medical personnel following the January 12th, 2010 earthquake.

Government/International Agencies

USAID: Through USAID a school cluster program delivers a package of support services to over 400 primary schools designed to achieve higher access and promotion rates. Support includes interactive radio instruction, strengthened Parent Teachers’ Associations, accelerated academic programs structured for out-of-school youth, and school-based teacher and principal training. USAID also has a scholarship program for children at risk of dropping out of school or who have already dropped out. USAID also assists the MOE to strengthen its capacity to effectively license and regulate the large number of private schools in Haiti and has a school feeding program that distributes hot meals to students across the country.

UNICEF: For 2010, UNICEF is working to provide access to free education for approximately 80,000 children, including 40,000 affected by potential emergencies. UNICEF is also working to improve the educational system through rehabilitation of infrastructure, institutional capacity building and improvement to the education policy framework. In a mid-term review from July 2010, UNICEF (along with the MOE and cluster partners) is continuing to promote the gradual enrollment of all children and adolescents in Haiti. UNICEF has donated 1,297 school tents in 225 locations. The organization is working with the MOE to create a condensed second semester curriculum, and has trained 2,300 teachers and 3,000 educational personnel in the new curriculum. Finally, 185,616 school-aged children have been provided with basic educational materials, and 45,520 pre-preschoolers have received learning and educational materials.

The World Bank: The World Bank's Education for All initiative aims to increase access to primary education, enhance the quality of education, institutionally strengthen the Ministry of Education and M&E activities. More specifically, from 2007 to 2010, the EFA program subsidized nearly 100,000 children in 1,000 schools, provided daily meals to 45,000 children, enroll 30,000 new first graders each year, and increase teacher training. The World Bank requested additional financing for the project in May 2010.

Organization Partnerships

A Haiti Fit For Children: In March of 2010, six international aid organizations met at UNICEF's headquarters to discuss ways to make children the focus of rebuilding Haiti in the aftermath of the 12 January earthquake. The six agencies included Save the Children, SOS Children's Villages International, Plan International, World Vision International, Oxfam and UNICEF. The United Nations has asked for $1.4 billion to repair the damage in Haiti. Since March 2010, it has received $718 million from international donors, and another $36 million has been pledged.

  • UNICEF and Save the Children have also created a One Response Education Cluster to ensure a timely, coherent and effective education response by mobilizing stakeholders to respond in a strategic manner to a humanitarian crisis.

Other Resources

Haiti Education Resources

OLPC in Haiti

Education Initiatives Resources

Other

  • Office of the Special Envoy map of Haiti

Notes

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