Installing Fedora Core
Overview
This page describes how to install Fedora Core on the One Laptop hardware. As of the writing of this document, the test-A boards have been built and distributed to quite a few people. Fedora Core does run on the hardware, with some minor changes. We'll walk you through how to make those changes.
Requirements
Hardware
You will need a few pieces of hardware to install the software on the Laptop board.
- 1 test-A or pre-test-A OLPC board
- 1 USB hub
- 1 USB flash drive
- 1 USB hard drive
- 1 USB ethernet adapter
- 1 external VGA-compatible monitor for display
- 1 USB keyboard
- 1 USB mouse
Software
Right now, you need to use the Rawhide (unstable) version of Fedora Core to install on the laptop. We will be putting our kernel changes, dependency and software changes into FC Rawhide. So our current requirements for the software include:
- A recent rawhide snapshot (we provide some known good snapshots)
- A place to host that snapshot on the network
- The serenity to accept that sometimes Rawhide is broken
- A strong will to live
Download
You will want to use one of our Rawhide snapshots. The reason is that Rawhide is fast-moving and you will want to use snapshots that we have tested.
A rawhide snapshot from May 27th, 2006 that works with these instructions:
http://crank.laptop.org/olpc-rawhide/2006-05-27-0237/
Getting Ready to Install
Setting up a bootable image
Insert your USB key into another Fedora machine and run the command dmesg. The output should look something like this:
usb-storage: waiting for device to settle before scanning Vendor: Kingston Model: DataTraveler 2.0 Rev: 6.16 Type: Direct-Access ANSI SCSI revision: 00 SCSI device sda: 2004991 512-byte hdwr sectors (1027 MB) sda: Write Protect is off sda: Mode Sense: 45 00 00 08 sda: assuming drive cache: write through SCSI device sda: 2004991 512-byte hdwr sectors (1027 MB) sda: Write Protect is off sda: Mode Sense: 45 00 00 08 sda: assuming drive cache: write through sda: sda1 sd 3:0:0:0: Attached scsi removable disk sda sd 3:0:0:0: Attached scsi generic sg0 type 0 usb-storage: device scan complete
Note the fact that this USB key has shown up as sda. You will need this in a moment.
Make sure the device is not mounted. You can do this with a simple mount command. If /dev/sda1 shows up in the output, it's mounted. You can unmonut it by running umount /dev/sda1. Like so:
[blizzard@mobile2 images]$ mount /dev/hda2 on / type ext3 (rw) none on /proc type proc (rw) none on /sys type sysfs (rw) none on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) /dev/hda1 on /boot type ext3 (rw) /dev/sda1 on /media/Kingston type vfat (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,shortname=winnt,uid=500) [blizzard@mobile2 images]$ sudo umount /dev/sda1 [blizzard@mobile2 images]$
Locate the Fedora rawhide tree. In that tree find the file
images/diskboot.img
This is the file that contains a bootable image that you can use to boot on the board and run the installer. You will need to copy it in a raw format to the USB key. You use this using the dd command to the raw device. Note that this is /dev/sda not /dev/sda1. This will destroy or replace any filesystems or data on this drive.
[root@mobile2 2006-06-08-0245]# dd if=images/diskboot.img of=/dev/sda 16384+0 records in 16384+0 records out 8388608 bytes (8.4 MB) copied, 1.88433 seconds, 4.5 MB/s [root@mobile2 2006-06-08-0245]#
Boot on the laptop
Insert the USB flash drive into one of the USB ports that's directly connected to the laptop. Do not connect it through the USB hub.
Power on the laptop board. If the BIOS detects the USB key you will see a message in the upper left hand corner of the screen that says something like:
Press F1 for Setup INITIALIZING BOOT USB DEVICE - DataTraveler 2.0 USB Storage Class Device [xxxxxxxx/xxxx/xxxx]
or
Press F1 for Setup INITIALIZING BOOT USB DEVICE - WD1600BB-00RDA0 USB BOOTABLE HDD DEVICE [xxxxxxxx/xxxx/xxxx]
You should see the Linux kernel being loaded and then the installer being loaded. If you don't, try the USB key in a different port or disconnecting the hub. The BIOS and USB are very flaky right now because this is a temporary BIOS until LinuxBIOS comes up on the boards. In fact, you might have to disconnect the USB hub while the kernel and initrd are loaded off the USB key and then connect it quickly once the kernel has started booting.
Installing
Congratulations! Now you've made it to the Linux installer boot screen. From here you should type
linux selinux=0 text
and hit return to enter the text mode installer. The graphical installer will not run on this machine because it does not have enough memory. We disable selinux during this install because for some reason it turns a 40 minute install into a 4 hour ordeal. We aren't sure why. Please note the above instructions that say that you might have to plug the USB hub in after the initrd has been loaded and the kernel starts up due to problems with the USB stack and the BIOS.
You may also have to remove the USB plug for the keyboard and plug it back in again once the kernel has started. Once again, USB and BIOS bugs. Just don't be alarmed if your keyboard suddenly doesn't work.
From here you need to pick your install type. We've been using HTTP installs and we have D-Link USB ethernet devices that require that we pick the asix driver. We're going to assume you know how to set up a web server or nfs server to install from and you know how to set your network settings so that it can find it.
When you're setting up a partition table I suggest that you use the smallest configuration possible. This means no logical volume groups. Just three partitions:
/dev/sda1 /boot (about 128MB) /dev/sda2 swap (about 1GB) /dev/sda3 and / (everything else)
This makes it very easy to fix things later. Because we are going to have to fix things later. And, yes, we really do need a gig of swap. We've run out of memory with only 512MB.
Once you've partitioned you might have to restart to get the new partition table. Make sure you do restart instead of just trying to forge ahead.
Follow the installer prompts until you get to package selection. You should be able to install the packages you want, but be warned that picking a lot of packages will take a long time on this machine. We usually install a minimal system (unselect all the high level packages) and then install packages as we need.
Fixing post-install
Assuming that your install was successful and you've rebooted the machine you probably see an error like this:
switchroot: mount failed: No such file or directory Kernel panic - not syncing: Attempting to kill init! <c0416e96> panic+0x46/0x188 <x04194cd> do_exit+0x75/0x72c <c04121ab> do_page_fault+0x22a/0x5a9 <c0419bf1> sys_exit_group+0x0/0xd <c0402cc7> syscall_call+0x7/0xb
This is good news. This means that you've got an install that's completed and tried to boot. The panic is a symptom of the fact that your kernel doesn't have the usb modules loaded and can't find the disk. Lucky for you this is pretty easy to fix.
Fixing the initrd
First, you have to pull your USB drive out of the laptop board and plug it into another machine. You should mount the /boot and / partitions on your drive. In my examples, my root partition is mounted in /media/disk and my /boot partition is mounted in /media/disk-1.
Once you've done that cd into your /boot partition. You should see a set of files like this:
config-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6 lost+found grub System.map-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6 initrd-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6.img vmlinuz-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6
The initrd-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6.img is the file we're interested in fixing. The initrd is a file that contains extra modules the kernel needs in order to find extra hardware devices as well as the initial startup script that mounts your root partition and kicks off the rest of the boot process.
There are two things we will be fixing:
First, the modules for the usb drives are missing. We will have to pull them out of the kernel directory and add them to the initrd.
Second, we need to add a delay during the boot process so that once the usb modules are loaded, the devices are given a chance to settle and the hard drives show up before attempting to mount root.
The initrd is a file that's compressed and stored as a cpio archive. In order to extract the files we'll need to decompress it and explode the archive:
[root@mobile2 ~]# cd /media/disk-1/ [root@mobile2 disk-1]# ls config-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6 lost+found grub System.map-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6 initrd-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6.img vmlinuz-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6 [root@mobile2 disk-1]# ls -l total 3533 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 59376 May 26 13:27 config-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 Jun 8 09:13 grub -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1101550 Jun 8 09:08 initrd-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6.img drwx------ 2 root root 12288 Jun 8 04:51 lost+found -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 796900 May 26 13:27 System.map-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1625946 May 26 13:27 vmlinuz-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6 [root@mobile2 disk-1]# mkdir work [root@mobile2 disk-1]# cd work [root@mobile2 work]# gzip -cd ../initrd-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6.img | cpio -i 4765 blocks [root@mobile2 work]# ls bin dev etc init lib proc sbin sys sysroot [root@mobile2 work]#
What we want to do is to add two files to the lib/ directory that are missing. The missing files are the drives for USB1 and USB2 devices. Those files are:
ehci-hcd.ko ohci-hcd.ko
They are located in the kernel modules directory on the root partition that you mounted earlier. In my case they would be at:
/media/disk/lib/modules/2.6.16-1.2221_FC6/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko /media/disk/lib/modules/2.6.16-1.2221_FC6/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko
Copy them into the lib/ directory that you just extracted.
[root@mobile2 work]# cd lib [root@mobile2 lib]# cp -v \ /media/disk/lib/modules/2.6.16-1.2221_FC6/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko \ /media/disk/lib/modules/2.6.16-1.2221_FC6/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko . `/media/disk/lib/modules/2.6.16-1.2221_FC6/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ohci-hcd.ko' -> `./ohci-hcd.ko' `/media/disk/lib/modules/2.6.16-1.2221_FC6/kernel/drivers/usb/host/ehci-hcd.ko' -> `./ehci-hcd.ko' [root@mobile2 lib]# ls dm-mirror.ko dm-zero.ko jbd.ko sd_mod.ko dm-mod.ko ehci-hcd.ko ohci-hcd.ko usb-storage.ko dm-snapshot.ko ext3.ko scsi_mod.ko [root@mobile2 lib]#
Now that you've put the modules in the right place you have to tell the init program to load them during startup. At the same time, we will have to add a delay to the startup so that once those modules are loaded the devices will be detected once they have spun up.
cd up to the work/ directory and edit the init file using your favorite editor:
[root@mobile2 lib]# pwd /media/disk-1/work/lib [root@mobile2 lib]# cd .. [root@mobile2 work]# ls bin dev etc init lib proc sbin sys sysroot [root@mobile2 work]# vi init
In that file, look for the following section and add what I've added. The lines that I've added show up in bold:
echo Setting up hotplug. hotplug echo Creating block device nodes. mkblkdevs mount -t usbfs /proc/bus/usb /proc/bus/usb echo "Loading ehci-hcd.ko module" insmod /lib/ehci-hcd.ko echo "Loading ohci-hcd.ko module" insmod /lib/ohci-hcd.ko echo "Loading scsi_mod.ko module" insmod /lib/scsi_mod.ko echo "Loading sd_mod.ko module" insmod /lib/sd_mod.ko echo "Loading usb-storage.ko module" insmod /lib/usb-storage.ko echo Waiting for driver initialization. stabilized /proc/bus/usb/devices echo Waiting for driver initialization in case stabilize does not work sleep 12 echo "Loading jbd.ko module" insmod /lib/jbd.ko
Now that you've added the right lines to the init and you've also added the required modules, it's time to put the initrd back together again. To do that you need to make a backup of the current initrd, make a file list of the files to be included in the new initrd (remember, you've added some times) and then reassemble the initrd into an archive. The commands should look like this:
[root@mobile2 work]# mv ../initrd-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6.img ../initrd-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6.img.backup [root@mobile2 work]# find . > ../initrd-file-list [root@mobile2 work]# cat ../initrd-file-list | cpio -o -c | gzip -9 > ../initrd-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6.img 4892 blocks [root@mobile2 work]# ls -l .. total 4646 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 59376 May 26 13:27 config-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 1024 Jun 8 09:13 grub -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1130820 Jun 15 10:43 initrd-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1101550 Jun 8 09:08 initrd-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6.img.backup -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 620 Jun 15 10:42 initrd-file-list drwx------ 2 root root 12288 Jun 8 04:51 lost+found -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 796900 May 26 13:27 System.map-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1625946 May 26 13:27 vmlinuz-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6 drwxr-xr-x 9 root root 1024 Jun 15 10:38 work [root@mobile2 work]#
At this point you should have a working initrd and the right modules in place. You should be able to unmount the drives, reconnect the drive directly into the laptop motherboard (don't connect through the hub or the BIOS might not find the drive!) and reboot. But since you're here we suggest that you fix up the grub options for the board first.
Grub Options
We suggest that you add some options to grub that will make using X on the laptop easier, assuming you decide to install it. To do that, edit the file /boot/grub/grub.conf and add the options on bold to the boot options:
title Fedora Core (2.6.16-1.2221_FC6)
root (hd0,0)
kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.16-1.2221_FC6 ro root=LABEL=/ selinux=0 vga=0x311 video=fbdev:ypan
Common Errors
- "invalid file system" on boot
- kernel panic on boot