Autoreinstallation image/lang-ro

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Imaginea de reinstalare automată

Am lucrat foarte mult pentru a face cât mai accesibilă actualizarea maşinii. Până când butarea şi actualizarea de pe reţea vor deveni disponibile, procedura pe care o vom descrie în continuarea este extrem de uşoară.

Imaginea de autoreinstalare conţine un script Open Firmware care actualizează flashul NAND şi firmware-ul cu ultimele iamgini stabile şi cheia de activare, astfel utlizatorul netrbuind să facă mai mult decât să introducă un disc USB pregătit şi să pornească maşina.

ATENTIE! pentru versiunea 525 sau alte versiuni mai recente trebuie să ai în vedere cele două modificări:

  1. Trebuie să înlocuieşti fişierul .fth cu unul nou din olpc-auto.zip;
  2. Trebuie să laşi cheia sau discul USB flash în maşină după actualizare, în timp ce rebutează.

ATENTIE! această procedură creează o cheie sau un disc USB flash care, la butarea pe un laptop OLPC, actualizează BIOS-ul şi instalează (suprascrie) imaginea unui nou sistem de operare pe flashul NAND. NICIODATĂ să nu butezi această cheie sau disc USB flash dacă nu intenţionezi să actualizezi sistemul, operaţiune care va şterge tot ce aveai pe memoria flash a sistemului.

Această procedură merge pentru orice tip de hardware OLPC, inclusiv pentru placile A-test, pentru majoritatea celor B1 (vezi #Workaround for old B1 systems) şi pentru toate laptopurile B2. A fost testata până acum doar pe Open Firmware. Dacă foloseşti Linux-as-BIOS sau Insyde BIOS, vezi workaround below.

Documentul Software Release Notes conţine statusul celor mai importante probleme ale acestui software. Test Group Release Notes descrie statusul versiunilor în dezvoltare ale software-ului.

Procedura de Actualizare a Sistemului

Înainte să începi: alimenteazăţi maşina şî asigură-te că bateria este încărcată. Este foarte important ca procesul de actualizare să nu fie întrerupt. Va dura în jur de 2 minute şi 15 secunde în total.

  1. Descarcă fişierul olpc-auto.zip.
  2. Ia o cheie sau un disc USB flash cu cel puţin 300 MegaOcteţi liberi pe partiţia primară (nu trebuie să fie neapărat partiţionat). Sistemul de fişiere ar trebui sa fie FAT (aşa cum vine dispozitivul formatat din fabrică). Nu va merge dacă este partiţionat aşa încât codul tipului partiţiei spune "83" (GNU/Linux ext2 sau ext3), dar defapt sistemul de fişiere din interiorul partiţiei este FAT.
  3. Dezarhivează fişierele în rădăcina cheii sau discului USB flash, astfel creându-se un director numit "boot". (Dacă dezarhivezi prin drag and drop fişierele din, va trebui să creezi directorul "boot" manual pe flash sau disc.) Iniţial vei găsi două fişiere în directorul "boot": olpc.fth şi q2c18.rom.
  4. Download the latest build image. Links are provided on the OS images page. There are two files you should download. The first file is named olpc-redhat-stream-development-build-NNN-YYYYYYYY_YYYY-devel_jffs2.img, with the N's and Y's replaced with a build number and date, respectively. Download this file and save it to the "boot" directory on your USB flash key or disk drive as osNNN.img. The second file has the same name as the first, but adds the extension .crc. This is a small checksum file. Save it to the boot directory on your USB flash key or disk drive as osNNN.crc. For stable releases, use the filename osNNNNN.img and osNNNNN.crc -- for example, stable release 406.15 would go in files named os40615.img and os40614.crc.
  5. You should also have the latest firmware image in the "boot" directory. There should already be a file named q2c18.rom in the "boot" directory of your USB flash drive or disk drive. If the Firmware page lists a newer firmware release, download it to the "boot" directory. The filename should be qZZZZ.rom, where the Z's are the firmware release number in hexadecimal (which means it uses the letters a-f as well as the numbers 0-9).
  6. There should now be at least four files in the directory named "boot" on your USB key or disk drive for the automatic update to occur: q2c18.rom; os???.img; os???.crc; and olpc.fth, where the question marks are the build number to which you are updating. Do not use a flash key or disk for which there have been any errors reported during unzipping: the files may be (probably are) damaged. As a further safeguard, the OLPC OFW BIOS checks the integrity of any BIOS flash image before reflashing the BIOS. (The CRC file is required to be present --- e.g., \boot\osNNN.crc --- even though earlier firmware did not check for the CRC file.)
  7. Insert the USB flash key into the machine or plug in the USB disk drive. If you have Open Firmware Q2C11 or later, hold down one of the "game keys" next to the screen, while you press the power button to turn on the laptop; then release the game keys when the screen lights up. If you have Open Firmware before version Q2C11, just turn on the power.
  8. If your USB device is a hard disk instead of flash, you may need to interrupt the Open Firmware boot sequence by pressing the Esc key (the upper left key on the keyboard, marked with an X in a circle), waiting a moment, then entering probe-usb2. You should see additional entries compared to the initial list that Open Firmware displayed. Then you can enter boot and the update should proceed. This is because many external hard drives take a long time to come ready. The latest firmware should fix this issue, however.

You will see messages like those in the following section as the system is updated. NAND flash always has some bad blocks: the "Skipping bad block" messages during writing NAND flash are therefore normal, informing you of the bad blocks that will never be used by Linux.

The system will automatically boot into the new system image and perform activation using the activation lease stored on the USB key during autoreinstallation. DO NOT REMOVE THE USB KEY until you've reached the sugar "XO" screen, or the activation process will fail.

If anything goes wrong DO NOT TURN OFF THE MACHINE but please get help from OLPC, preferably immediately on IRC or by email.

Congratulations: you are finished! Power the machine down and remove the USB key.

Transcript of System Update

Release the game key to continue
OLPC B1, 256 MiB memory installed, S/N Unknown
Open Firmware  CL1   Q2C08  Q2C

USB2 devices:
/pci/usb@f,5/wlan@3,0
/pci/usb@f,5/scsi@1,0
/pci/usb@f,5/scsi@1,0/disk
USB1 devices:
Type the Esc key to interrupt automatic startup
Boot device: /usb/disk:\boot\olpc.fth  Arguments:
Checking existing OS image on NAND FLASH
Existing OS build is 353

Updating OS image on NAND FLASH from build 353 to build 515
Erasing...
1800
Skipping bad block at 0xc20000 = page 0x1840 = eblock 0x61
3ff40
Writing 80c blocks
80b
Done
Existing firmware version is q2c08

Updating firmware
Reading disk:\boot\q2c18.rom
Got firmware version: CL1  Q2C18  Q2C
Checking integrity ...
SPI FLASH is type 13 - Spansion, Winbond, or ST
Merging existing manufacturing data
Erasing
0
Writing
ff000
...
Powering off

In most cases, the system will boot automatically after the firmware or disk image is updated.

Possible Problems

  • It is better if the USB disk is not partitioned. If it is partitioned:
  1. The partition type must agree with the filesystem type - a FAT filesystem inside a partition marked ext2 won't work
  2. The updater files should be in the partition that is marked as "bootable", or if there isn't one, in the first partition.
  • The main files (olpcboot.fth, osNNN.img, q2NNN.rom) must be in the boot/ subdirectory. That will happen automatically if you "unzip" the archive, but if you drag-and-drop from a file manager like file-roller, it is possible to put them anywhere, and that won't work. Those files must be in boot/ .
  • The current Open Firmware releases do not support USB keys that identify themselves as class "mass_storage/removable", as opposed to the more common "mass_storage/scsi", which is supported. (The fix for this problem is in the release pipeline, but that doesn't help for upgrading from existing firmware.) The way to check for this is to insert your USB key, power-on the system and stop the auto-boot by typing the Esc key (upper left key) at the countdown. Then look at the list of "USB2 devices". If you see an entry like "/pci/usb@f,5/removable@1,0", your disk has the problem. (If you are running an old version of OFW that does not display the "USB2 devices" list automatically, type "show-devs /usb" to see the list.) The workaround procedure is below.
  • The current firmware also fails with USB devices whose hardware sector size is not 512 bytes. To determine the sector size of your device, you can use fdisk on the device under Linux, and it will tell you when it first accesses the device if the sector size is not 512. The workaround is the same as for the "removable" problem, i.e. the procedure below.
  • Many Multi-Function devices do not work.
  • If during the upgrade you see the following message, try renaming the file olpc.7th in the boot directory of the update image to olpc-boot.7th.
Trying startup script disk:\boot\olpc-boot.7th
Can't open boot device

Workaround for LinuxBIOS or Insyde BIOS

If you are running LinuxBIOS, this process will probably not work (it has not been tested). The old version of this procedure may work for you.

If you are still running Insyde BIOS, you will first have to upgrade the firmware using procedures described elsewhere.

Workaround for old B1 systems

If you have a B1 system that has never been upgraded, it is very important to use this page's Autoreinstallation procedure for your first update; do not try to use the new "netnandwrite" tool first. The reason is that this procedure automatically fixes a manufacturing error in the identification data that was stored in the system firmware FLASH, and updates the firmware, neither of which is done by the network-based tool. Also, some old firmware will not update with the auto-update script. If the standard procedure above doesn't update, instead, follow these steps:

  1. Insert the autoupdater key;
  2. boot up the laptop and when it says "Press a key to interrupt" then press any key;
  3. at the Ok prompt type "flash disk:\boot\q2c18.rom". The machine will turn off when finished.
  4. power up again and boot the autoupdater normally; (It will reflash the NAND with the new build.)

Downgrading

Note: DO NOT DOWNGRADE Q2Cxx firmware to Q2Bxx firmware. This will destroy the manufacturing information. For details, see Firmware.

If you are trying to load a build that is older than the one on the XO, you will get a message that the software is up to date. To force it to load an older version, just rename your build image to os999.img and os999.crc. This will bypass the up-to-date check and force installation. Be careful using this trick for firmware images as the script will automatically reboot after installing the firmware, causing the same "newer" images to be installed over again in an infinite loop. Watch the process and turn off the machine quickly when the screen goes dark during the reboot.

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