Environmental Impact
The XO by One Laptop per Child (OLPC) is not just visually green, it’s the most eco-green laptop ever made. Many would have you believe that buying “green” will cost more. This is true, for example, for hybrid cars. OLPC was unwilling to increase the price to go green, instead we concentrated on low-cost, low-power, long-life, and field repair and in so doing have created a stunningly green laptop.
OLPC has received the first “gold” award that has ever been given to a laptop by EPEAT, an organization that assesses the environmental impact of laptops according to the IEEE 1680-2006 specification. XO is also non-toxic and fully recyclable. We are planning a full take-back program. In other words: these machines are not destined for landfills at the end of their approximate 5 year lifetime. 2.5X the lifetime of a typical laptop.
If all computer users switched from their desktops and laptops to the OLPC XO laptop: $9B US dollars could be saved in world-wide electricity bills. This savings is enough to outright buy laptops for 50 million children. In addition, 50 million barrels of oil could be saved, and 65 million metric tons of environmental CO2 emissions could be avoided. In carbon-offset dollars for electricity use alone, another ~$500 million US dollars could be saved yearly.
E-waste
230 million personal computers are dumped in landfills every year. 500 shipping containers full of e-waste arrive in china every day. The XO could lower the landfill impact in 4 key ways:
- Longer Lifetime: The laptop lifetime is 5 years or 2.5 times longer than a typical laptop; even better: our batteries last 4X longer than typical laptop batteries.
- Footprint: XO is half the size and weight of a typical laptop and a fraction the size and weight of a typical desktop
- Toxicity: XO is RoHS compliant: No chromium, lead, beryllium, mercury, cadmium or zinc is used on the motherboard or in the batteries. In addition, XO is one of the first laptops to eliminate mercury. This is through the elimination of the small mercury-containing fluorescent lamp used in nearly all liquid crystal displays. The OLPC display is one of the first to use LEDs in the backlight instead.
Power Consumption
Power consumption data for 132 desktop computers and 93 notebook computers which were averaged and used in this analysis . The average desktop computer idles at 80 Watts while the average laptop computer idles at 20 Watts. In contrast, the average idle power consumption of the XO laptop is just 1 watt.
Gardner reports that 230 million personal computers are sold per year, approximately 165 million of these are desktops and 65 million of them are laptops. Assuming 2000 hour use per computer per year at the low end of power consumption (idle-mode), and an average 3 year lifetime, 87 billion kilo-watt hours are used to power the world’s personal computers per year.
If every personal computer was replaced by an OLPC XO laptop, just 1.5 billion kilo-watt hours would be needed: thus 85 Billion kilo-watt hours could be saved.
Alternatively, the industry could just adapt a lower power consumption architecture like we have created. It allows human power recharge, as well as solar-, wind-, or other sustainable forms of power input. At $0.10 per kilowatt-hour the savings of a massive switch to an XO or an XO like architecture amounts to a $8.5 billion dollar energy savings. And at 1700 kilo-watt hours per barrel of oil: 50M barrels, and 65 million metric tons of CO2 emissions or another approximately $500M yearly in carbon-offset dollars.
An estimate made of power consumption suggested that if all desktops and laptops were replaced by XOs, the world would save 8-10 billion USD a year in energy consumption.
IEEE 1680 Consumer Electronics Environmental Impact
EPEAT has created a procurement tool to help evaluate, compare and select desktop computers, notebooks and monitors based on their environmental attributes. EPEAT provides a clear and consistent set of performance criteria for the design of products, and provides an opportunity for manufacturers to secure market recognition for efforts to reduce the environmental impact of their products. OLPC is in process of applying for a rating, which we believe will be excellent. XO appears destined to be the first laptop to receive their Gold Rating, it has even been suggested that the XO may warrant establishing a new, even higher rating. XO achieves the following which should give it the first gold award:
Notably - above and beyond the EPEAT requirements, XO has
- Batteries that last 4x longer than standard rechargeable
- Power consumption at about 10% of typical laptop
- Laptop lifetime of about 2.5x longer than typical (5 year life)
- Half the size and weight of a typical laptop
Thus, above and beyond EPEAT, in our first year of deployment of 3–5M units we will save, when compared to any other EPEAT ranked laptop shipped in the same year, the following:
- 45-million pounds of e-waste (3 lbs x 5 Munits x 2.5–4x lifetime/2000 lbs/ton)
- 240-Giga-Watt hours of energy (20 Watt extra x 8 hours x 300 days x 5M units)
As we scale in our second year of production these savings should increase even more: to preventing as much 500-million pounds of e-waste, and saving 2.5 Tera-watts of power. OLPC is working with other organizations to assure its environmental impact is very low and more information will be available here in the coming weeks.
