Educators guide
Really, a facilitator's guide, ideally, this page serves as a guide for parents, teachers and other students who are interested in leading students with the XO as a constructivist learning tool.
Workflow for facilitation planning
Lesson plans in a constructivist or inquiry-based scenario are really plans for facilitation of learning, with the teacher role being one of facilitator rather than the source of all knowledge.
You can loosely structure lessons, allowing student questions to drive the learning process without sidetracking it. These plans could follow a general outline of:
- Setting the foundation and discovering students' prior knowledge
- Exploring, determining how questions for exploration are chosen, how to manage investigations and group students
- Connecting concepts, figuring out how to help students reflect on their investigations, promote dialog between students to communicate their findings, and critically reflect on their investigation and the process
- Collaborating and sharing, determining how to help students share their new knowledge to act on their new mental models
Workflow for daily use of the XO
Refer to the OLPC Manual for many of the daily maintenance and exploration tasks you can do with the XO laptop.
Basics of constructivist learning theory
When a student can construct their own rules about and based on their observations, they learn. Learning becomes the basic act of adjusting mental models based on experiences.
So, how does a teacher adjust his or her own mental model to become a facilitator of learning? Think "guide on the side" rather than "sage on the stage".
Think about a light touch, but just as a scientist constructs theories, students learn by adjusting their theories with the results of their tests against those theories. Instead of a lesson, think of an intervention - a task where activities in context provide learners with an opportunity to discover and collaboratively construct meaning as the intervention unfolds. Teachers are leaders, guides, and questioners. Students are testers, questioners, and knowledge seekers.
With this mind shift, learners are each treated as unique individuals, and instructors act as facilitators rather than as teachers. Parents, siblings, classmates, other aged kids, any of these people can be facilitators.
Additional reading
- Wikipedia article at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructivism_(learning_theory)
- Dalgarno, B. (1996) Constructivist computer assisted learning: theory and technique, ASCILITE Conference, 2-4 December 1996, retrieved from http://www.ascilite.org.au/conferences/adelaide96/papers/21.html
- Jean Piaget (1967). Logique et Connaissance scientifique, Encyclopédie de la Pléiade. The Psychology of Intelligence
- Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind and society: The development of higher mental processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press
- Wertsch, J.V (1997) "Vygotsky and the formation of the mind" Cambridge.
- Harel, Idit and Seymour Papert, Constructionism
Understanding why the XO is important to education
- OLPC's Vision for Education
- Educational Activity Ideas
- OLPC is seeking contributions to these education publications
Scenarios about extra practice on XO basics, based on age of child
(Look at LeapFrog's sample content)
Talking to other XO teachers
Classroom 2.0 XO Educator Group
Classroom 2.0 group of educators interested in the XO