View source for User:Az990tony/edublog-beta-hw

This hardware was built for the [[ Educational_Blogger_Project ]].

In this section, I show
* The parts that I purchased to put the hardware together
* The method of assembling the parts into one machine
* Final steps to set up the BIOS

See also the [[ User:Az990tony/edublog-beta-sw | Software stack ]] page.

= Parts List = 

The following system was built from parts purchased at 
[[http://shopSWS.com SWS Electronics and Computers ]] a local computer parts store in Tucson, Arizona (USA).

* [[ http://www.asus.com/products.aspx?l1=1&l2=1&l3=380&l4=0&model=1679&modelmenu=2 | V3-M2A690G barebones PC ]]
** tower case
** power supply
*** includes one black SATA power connection cable
** [[ http://www.asus.com/products.aspx?modelmenu=1&model=1585&l1=3&l2=101&l3=496 | M2A-VM motherboard ]]
*** ATI SB600 RAID controller
*** ATI Radeon 1200 Graphics
*** 8 USB ports (four in front panel, four in back)
*** Multi-card reader SD/MMC/MiniSD/Compact Flash
*** One built-in NIC (1GbE gigabit ethernet)
*** includes one 18-inch red SATA connection cable
*** includes small bag of extra screws, however I ran out and had to go get more
* AMD Athlon64 X2 dual-core 2.3 Ghz processor with heatsink/fan
** The AMD single-core Sempron might have also met the CPU requirement
* Two extra NIC cards (PCI)
* One DVD-RW drive, attached on primary IDE-Master, [[ http://us.liteonit.com/us/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=221&Itemid=67 | Lite-On DH-20A4H ]]
* Two SATA drives, 160GB each.  
* One 2GB DIMM
* One extra power-plug cable (converts white EIDE to black SATA power connector)
* One extra 18-inch red SATA cable

= Assembling the Parts Together =

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4704.png | "computer parts" ]] Here are the parts purchased.  

I had purchased two extra red SATA cables, but then learned that one was already included with the Barebones PC.  Also, had to go back to the store for an extra EIDE-to-SATA (white to black) power cable adapter.  The phillips screwdriver #2 (shown with red handle) is all that you need for tools.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4711.png | "USA voltage 115" ]] Slide voltage to 115.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4712.png | "USA voltage 115" ]] Remove left side and front panels.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4713.png | "Installing the CPU" ]] Install the CPU.

Since this motherboard has an AM2 socket, we could have gone with either an AMD Sempron
or Athlon64 X2.  I chose the Athlon64 X2 which was more expensive, but runs faster.

Installation was tricky, and I watched some YouTube videos to see how others had done this.
Remember to always hold the processor by the edges, and never let the gold pins touch your skin or anything else because you will leave small amounts of oil or sweat that might ruin it.

To install, raise the shiny lever (shown in the ''up'' position above), align the corner
with the triangle on the chip with the triangle on the motherboard (it is the corner
nearest the power supply in the picture above).  Line up all the pins, and push down into place.
If it didn't work, lift the CPU up, and try again.  Once in place, move the shiny lever
back down to snap everything in place.  If you fail to do this step correctly, you might end
up buying another CPU.

The CPU comes with a sticker indicating the type of processor.  I affixed this to the front panel.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4716.png | "Installing the fan" ]] Install the heatsink fan.

The fan was also a bit tricky.  There are two silver brackets.  Align the fan so that 
the blue-purple level is away from the power supply.  Put the fan on the processor, and
snap in the bracket that is nearest the power supply.  Turn the lever all the way to the
left, push down on the fan, and attach the other bracket.  This second bracket is then
made tighter by turning the blue-purple lever clockwise until it is snug against the
processor.

Connect the fan to the power cable connection on the edge of the motherboard.  The plug
is slotted, so you can only put it in one direction.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4718.png | "Memory" ]] Install the DIMM.

There are four slots for memory, two yellow and two black.  Starting near the CPU,
they are: 
* DIMM_A1 (yellow)
* DIMM B1 (yellow)
* DIMM A2 (black)
* DIMM B2 (black)

Channel A is A1,A2 and Channel B is B1,B2.  If you are going to have DIMMS in both 
channels, then A1+A2 amount must match B1+B2.  All of them need to be the same speed,
either 533, 667 or 800.  I could have gotten two 1GB DIMMs in A1 and B1 to get dual-channel,
but it was cheaper to get one 2GB DIMM, use only a single channel and put it in A1.  (Read the 
[[ http://support.asus.com/download/download.aspx?SLanguage=en-us&model=V3-M2A690G | ASUS Manual ]] if you need more details on this.

To install, push the white tabs down on both sides of the yellow slot.  Insert the DIMM,
there is a notch with 112 connections on one side, and 128 connections on the other side,
so there is no way to put it in backwards.  As before, don't let the connections touch
your skin or anything else.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4721.png | "Metal Bracket" ]] Removing the metal plates.

Before you can install the two PCI-based NIC cards, you have to remove the back plates
and this holding bracket.  Using your screwdriver, twist off the two metal plates for the two PCI slots.  You have to slide this bracket out (shown here in my hand) and it was not obvious which way to push, pull or squeeze to get it.  It is "left and up" as shown in this picture.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4724.png | "Network Interface Cards" ]] Install the NICs.

Don't let the connections touch your skin or anything else.  Firmly push each one into
place, then put the bracket back using "down and right" to hold the cards in place.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4727.png | "DVD Burner" ]] Install the DVD drive.

You will need to remove the right side panel as well for this.  On the back of the
DVD there is a small plastic jumper that slides over two pins.  Make sure it is in the
"Master" position, and if not pull it off, and put it back on the right way.  Most
CD and DVD drives assume they will be "Slave" so are often configured for that already.
Slide the DVD drive through the top slot of the front panel.  Make sure the front face
is lined up with the card reader.  Wiggle until the holes are visible and apply the screws
from both left and right sides to minimize vibration.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4728.png | "SATA power cable" ]] Count your cables.

This was a good time to count my power cables.  There were plenty of EIDE (white) plugs
available, but only one black SATA power plug (shown in my hand here).  I had to go
back to the store to get an extra EIDE-to-SATA-power adapter.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4729.png | "SATA drives" ]] Connecting the drives.

The two SATA drives are "internal" so are pushed in from the inside into place.  This 
was quite difficult because (a) the CPU heatsink/fan was in the way, (b) the 
Multi-card reader was already in place, and (c) the power cables were in the way.
It might have been better to do the steps in the following order:

* Identify the cables needed and tuck the rest behind the metal frame out of the way
* Put in the DVD and all of the SATA drives first, before the CPU and heatsink/fan
* Connect the cables last

For EIDE, there were two flat-ribbon cables.  One for the floppy, and one for the 
Primary Master/Slave.  Since we have two drives and plan to attach them to SATA 
instead, we can put the DVD on as Primary/Master.  (I am glad I moved the jumper
ahead of time, it would have been difficult to reach once in place!)

For SATA, the Barebones PC already came with one red signal cable, so I had to purchase
a second one.  There are two kinds of cables.  One type of cable has straight connection on one
end, and 90-degree bend at the other.  The other type of cable has straight connections
on both sides.  If you have a 90-degree bend at one end, that end goes into the drive.
The straight end connects to the motherboard.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4732.png | "SATA drives" ]] Connecting the SATA signal cables.

I should have read the manual on this one.  Instead, I could not see which of the four
connectors were SATA1 and SATA2, so I tried several combinations until I finally gave
up and downloaded the manual.  As shown here, they are (from left to right)

* SATA 1 (red)
* SATA 3 (red)
* SATA 2 (black)
* SATA 4 (black)

If we were using the hardware BIOS-assisted RAID (known also as "fakeraid") this might
have been important, but we aren't, and Linux managed to figure out where everything is.
Having one on red and one on black probably spreads the I/O across both channels evenly.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4731.png | "Air vent" ]] Replace the covers.

The left side panel has some extra "air vent" plastic, and with it in its fully extended
position would not fit back.  Turn the plastic 90 degrees and push down to have a low profile
so that it will clear the CPU heatsink fan.

= Configuring the BIOS =

Plug in keyboard, mouse, monitor, ethernet cable, and electricity.  The power button
is located on the lower right corner of the front panel.  It will light blue when the
system is running.

Some changes to the BIOS were necessary.  

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4773.png | "First Screen" ]] BIOS is at 0402 level.

When you boot up the system, it will tell you what BIOS level it is running.
I checked with the ASUS Web site and found 0402 is fairly recent (March 2007).  There
was one newer one 0602 (November 2007) but decided to leave it alone.

Press "Delete" (DEL) button to launch the BIOS configurator.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4775.png | "Main Screen" ]] BIOS Configurator - Main Screen.

Here is the main screen of the BIOS configurator.  I disabled the Floppy drive,
since we don't have one, and that eliminates all of the Linux images from looking
for it, and configuring /dev/fd0 device type.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4776.png | "SMART setting" ]] Enable SMART.

I was told the Western Digital drives I was using were SMART-capable, so I enable
this in the BIOS.  This will provide some early warning if a drive is experiencing
temporary errors.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4777.png | "Advanced Screen" ]] Advanced Screen.

Hit the "right arrow" button to move to the next screen for "Advanced" settings.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4778.png | "CPU" ]] CPU Configuration.

On this screen, I am able to confirm the speed and type of processor, Dual Core
AMD Athlon64 at 2300Mhz (2.3 GHz) per core.  The settings for "AMD Live!" and
Cool'N'Quiet function I left to their default settings.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4779.png | "Plug and Play" ]] Plug and Play OS

By default this was set to "No".  It should be "Yes" for 2.6-based Linux kernels.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4780.png | "PCI configuration" ]] PCI configuration.

I set the "Primary Display Adapter" to "On Chip VGA".  This system has HDMI and
other video outputs that we are not using since it is "headless server".

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4781.png | "SATA Controller" ]] SATA Controller.

I spent a few days on this setting.  Here is what I found.
* IDE - for older Linux kernels, this provides compatability with EIDE drives
* RAID - for newer Windows systems, this provides BIOS-assisted RAID 0, 1 or 10.
** Unfortunately, "fakeraid" does not support the ATI SB600 yet.
* AHCI - for newer Linux kernels, this is the preferred choice.

(We will investigate software-based raid "dmraid" instead)

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4782.png | "USB" ]] Enable USB ports.

These were all on by default, so I left them as is.  While this beta server may not
use USB much in Pennsylvania, in general XS School Servers do use the USB, so you want
to make sure these are enabled properly.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4783.png | "Power Management" ]] Power Management.

I left all the defaults as is.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4785.png | "Q-Fan Controller" ]] Q-Fan Controller.

This was perhaps the most important setting.  When I first started up the system,
the fan was going painfully slow, around 900 to 1100 RPM, and the chip was over-heating.  (Greg, I can confirm
we can run this CPU to 67 degrees C!)  I took it back to the store to see if there
was something wrong with the heatsink fan (or maybe I broke it during the install),
but they told me that it was a simple BIOS change, you must DISABLE the Q-Fan Controller.

This screen is good to watch to make sure the fan run around 2700 to 3000 RPM.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4786.png | "Boot Order" ]] Boot order.

Since we will be installing software from XS LiveCD, it is important to make the
CDrom first in the boot order.  If this BIOS supported USB as a choice, I would have
made it second on the list.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4787.png | "Hard Disk Detail" ]] Hard Disk detail.

This shows the device types of the Western Digital 160GB SATA 7200 RPM drives.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4788.png | "DVD Drive" ]] Details on CD/DVD burner.

This shows the type of CD/DVD burner.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4789.png | "Quick Boot" ]] Disable Quick Boot.

My friend Ken suggested this one.  If you disable Quick Boot, then it goes and spends
20-30 seconds testing the memory.  Normally you only have 2-3 seconds to hit the "DEL"
button to go to the BIOS configurator.  With 20-30 seconds, you have time to remove any
CDs or insert any CDs needed for booting, or to go into the BIOS configurator tool.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4790.png | "HALT conditions" ]] Set for Headless server.

The "All, But Keyboard" means that if the keyboard is not attached, then that is 
acceptable and to continue.  This is typical of a "headless server".

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4791.png | "EZ Flash" ]] EZ Flash Utility.

If we ever need to update the BIOS, the EZ Flash tool is here.  I downloaded the 0602 level of the BIOS onto a USB memory key, chose this tool, and it found the USB Memory key as "B:" drive to perform the update.

[[ Image:Az990tony_IMG_4792.png | "Save" ]] Save and Exit.

Press function key F10, or choose the option here to "Save and Exit".
There is an option to return to default settings, and to discard changes.