Cyrillic: Difference between revisions

From OLPC
Jump to navigation Jump to search
 
(standardizing alphabet description)
 
(5 intermediate revisions by 5 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
<font size="1">
Cyrillic
;[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrillic_alphabet Wikipedia]:The Cyrillic alphabet (pronounced /sɪˈrɪlɪk/, also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters) is an [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alphabet alphabet] used for several East and South [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavic_languages Slavic languages]—[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian_language Belarusian], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bosnian_language Bosnian], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulgarian_language Bulgarian], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macedonian_language Macedonian], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_language Russian], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rusyn_language Rusyn], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serbian_language Serbian], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_language Ukrainian]—and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages_using_Cyrillic many other languages] of the former [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_Union Soviet Union], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asia Asia] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern_Europe Eastern Europe]. It has also been used for other languages in the past. Not all letters in the Cyrillic alphabet are used in every language with which it is written. With the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accession_of_Bulgaria_to_the_European_Union accession of Bulgaria to the European Union] on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/January_1 January 1], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007 2007], Cyrillic also became the third official alphabet of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU EU].
</font>


----
⚫
More than 200 languages have been written in the Cyrillic alphabet. The main ones are Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Serbian, and Macedonian. Each has its own peculiarities, including letters specific to one but not another. Here is the most common Russian keyboard layout.


⚫
More than 200 languages have been written in the [[Cyrillic]] alphabet. The main ones are [[Russian]], Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Serbian, and Macedonian. Each has its own peculiarities, including letters specific to one but not another.

== Languages ==

* '''Slavic languages'''
** Belarusian
** Bosnian
** Bulgarian
** Macedonian
** [[Russian]]
** Rusyn
** Serbian
** Ukrainian
* '''Non-Slavic languages'''
** '''Iranian languages'''
*** Ossetian
*** Tajik
** Moldovan
** '''Mongolian languages'''
*** Khalkha
*** Buryat
*** Kalmyk
** '''Northwest Caucasian languages'''
*** Abkhaz
** '''Turkic languages'''
*** Azerbaijani
*** Bashkir
*** Chuvash
*** Kazakh
*** Kyrgyz
*** Uzbek

== Fonts ==

*See [[Fonts]]

== Keyboards ==

*[[Keyboard_layouts#Cyrillic]]

Here is the most common Russian keyboard layout
ё 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
ё 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
й ц у к е н г ш щ з х ъ \
й ц у к е н г ш щ з х ъ \
Line 12: Line 55:
Ф Ы В А П Р О Л Д Ж Э
Ф Ы В А П Р О Л Д Ж Э
Я Ч С М И Т Ь Б Ю ?
Я Ч С М И Т Ь Б Ю ?

==Turkic and other native languages==

In the [[OLPC Russia|Russia]] and central Asian countries there are many [[Turkic language]]s that are also written with [[Cyrillic]]. In most cases these languages have added 4 to 6 additional letters that are not used in Slavic languages. The same situation applies to native languages throughout Russia.

[[Unicode]] has codepoints for all these characters however it is not clear how many fonts have implemented these extra characters. In the case of [[Turkic language]]s, some of them are also written with a Latin-based alphabet but it may also have additional letters and it may not be possible for unambiguous machine transliteration between alphabets. In the countries in which both [[Latin]] and [[Cyrillic]] alphabets are used, people are used to seeing some content in one alphabet and some in another.

The following image shows the extra letters used in Kyrgyz.<br>
[[Image:Bas kg.gif]]


[[Category:Alphabets]]

Latest revision as of 04:02, 24 January 2007

Wikipedia
The Cyrillic alphabet (pronounced /sɪˈrɪlɪk/, also called azbuka, from the old name of the first two letters) is an alphabet used for several East and South Slavic languages—Belarusian, Bosnian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Russian, Rusyn, Serbian, and Ukrainian—and many other languages of the former Soviet Union, Asia and Eastern Europe. It has also been used for other languages in the past. Not all letters in the Cyrillic alphabet are used in every language with which it is written. With the accession of Bulgaria to the European Union on January 1, 2007, Cyrillic also became the third official alphabet of the EU.

More than 200 languages have been written in the Cyrillic alphabet. The main ones are Russian, Ukrainian, Belarusian, Bulgarian, Serbian, and Macedonian. Each has its own peculiarities, including letters specific to one but not another.

Languages

  • Slavic languages
    • Belarusian
    • Bosnian
    • Bulgarian
    • Macedonian
    • Russian
    • Rusyn
    • Serbian
    • Ukrainian
  • Non-Slavic languages
    • Iranian languages
      • Ossetian
      • Tajik
    • Moldovan
    • Mongolian languages
      • Khalkha
      • Buryat
      • Kalmyk
    • Northwest Caucasian languages
      • Abkhaz
    • Turkic languages
      • Azerbaijani
      • Bashkir
      • Chuvash
      • Kazakh
      • Kyrgyz
      • Uzbek

Fonts

Keyboards

Here is the most common Russian keyboard layout 

 ё 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 - =
    й ц у к е н г ш щ з х ъ \
     ф ы в а п р о л д ж э
      я ч с м и т ь б ю /

 Ё ! " # * : , . ; ( ) _ +
    Й Ц У К Е Н Г Ш Щ З Х Ъ |
     Ф Ы В А П Р О Л Д Ж Э
      Я Ч С М И Т Ь Б Ю ?

Turkic and other native languages

In the Russia and central Asian countries there are many Turkic languages that are also written with Cyrillic. In most cases these languages have added 4 to 6 additional letters that are not used in Slavic languages. The same situation applies to native languages throughout Russia.

Unicode has codepoints for all these characters however it is not clear how many fonts have implemented these extra characters. In the case of Turkic languages, some of them are also written with a Latin-based alphabet but it may also have additional letters and it may not be possible for unambiguous machine transliteration between alphabets. In the countries in which both Latin and Cyrillic alphabets are used, people are used to seeing some content in one alphabet and some in another.

The following image shows the extra letters used in Kyrgyz.
Bas kg.gif

Retrieved from "http://wiki.laptop.org/mediawiki/index.php?title=Cyrillic&oldid=22294"