Battery Charging/lang-es

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Cargando la Batería

Tipos de Baterías

OLPC esta usando dos tipos de quimicas para las baterias: NiMH y LiFePo4. Las baterias LiFePo4 permiten ser cargargadas a altas temperaturas. las baterias NiMH no pueden ser cargadas en una temperatura mayor de 45 grados C.

Las baterias LiFePO4 tienen etiquetas "Battery sample" (muestra de bateria), y son mas livianas que las NiMH. las baterias LiFePO4 tienen mas capacidad debido a que pueden ser cargadas hasta capacidad maxima. Para poder alcanzar 2000 ciclos con una NiMH Tenemos que reservar capacidad para prevenir sobrecargas. Las sobrecargas reducen significativamente la vida de una bateria NiMH.

OLPC is using two battery chemistries: NiMH, and LiFePo4 batteries. The LiFePo4 batteries allow charging at higher temperatures. The NiMH batteries cannot be charged above about 45 degrees C.

The LiFePO4 batteries have labels "Battery sample" on them, and are lighter than NiMH. The LiFePO4 batteries have more capacity because they can be charged to max capacity. In order to achieve 2000 cycles with a NiMH we have to reserve capacity to prevent overcharging. Overcharging significantly reduces the life of a NiMH battery.

Temas con la Carga de Baterías

Los reportes de campo de las unidades BTest-1 y BTest-2 nos han dado informacion de muchos tipos de problemas con las cargas de las baterias. Los dos peores sintomas son:

1. Las unidades no se prenden cuando una bateria esta insertada aun conectandola a AC.
   
2. Baterias que no se reconocen/cargan.
   

Sintoma 1

Este es un problema de carga con los sistemas BTest-1 donde un muy bajo voltaje de bateria hara que el sistema de potencia no empieze correctamente . Usted puede decir que este es el caso si:

Usted no puede prender su sistema BTest-1 con la bateria insertada aun si esta conectada a potencia AC.

Usted inserta su bateria en un sistema BTest-1 activo y este instantaneamente se apaga.

En los sistemas BTest-2 no hay este problema y la unidad empezara apropiadamente.

Sintoma 2

Este es el resultado de un malfuncionamiento del firmware que puede corrompir alguna de la informacion guardada dentro de la bateria. Usted puede saber si este es el caso cuando:

Usted inserta la bateria y nada pasa con la luz indicadora de la bateria.

En algunos casos los dos sintomas pueden presentarse al mismo tiempo.

Power & battery indicators

Field reports from the BTest-1 and BTest-2 units have provided us with information on several different types of battery charging issues. The 2 major symptoms are:

1. Units that will not power up when a battery is inserted even when plugged into AC.
   
2. Batteries that are not recognized/charged.
   

Symptom 1

This is a hardware problem with BTest-1 systems where a very low battery voltage will prevent the power system from starting up correctly. You can tell this is the case if:

You cannot power up your BTest-1 system with a battery inserted even if its plugged up on AC power.

You insert the battery on a running BTest-1 system and it instantly shuts off.

BTest-2 systems do not have this problem and will start up properly.

Symptom 2

This is the result of a firmware bug that would corrupt some info stored inside the battery. You can tell this is the case if:

You insert a battery and nothing happens with the battery indicator light.

In some cases both symptoms may be present at the same time.

Recuperación de Baterías Muertas

El primer paso para recuperar (o resucitar) una batería es actualizar el firmware al B83 o posterior. Por favor, vea imagen de auto-reinstalación o actualizando el firmware para los detalles de como se realiza la actualización del firmware.

Herramimientas adicionales que pueden ser necesarias:

1. USB keyboard.

Una vez que haya hecho la actualizacion entonces los metodos exactos dependen en el sistema que usted tenga.

The first step in battery recovery is to upgrade the firmware to B83 or later. Please see Autoreinstallation image or Upgrading the firmware for details on how to update your firmware.

Additional tools that may be needed:

1. USB keyboard.

Once you have upgraded then the exact methods depend on what system you have.

Sistemas BTest-1

Paso 1

los sistemas BTest-1 no son capaces de reiniciar batterias en carga. Si su bateria se ha descargado a una capacidad muy baja, entonces debe ser cargada externamente. Para recuperar estas baterias por favor vea External Charging.

Paso 2

Siga el procedimiento EEPROM Init.

Step 1

BTest-1 systems are not capable of trickle charging batteries. If your battery has discharged to a very low capacity then they must be externally charged. To recover these batteries please see External Charging.

Step 2

Follow the EEPROM Init procedure.

Sistemas BTest-2

Paso 1

Los sistemas BTest-2 pueden revivir la carga. Por favor inserte la bateria en un sistema BTest-2 y dejela conectada al la potencia AC por 6 horas. Su luz indicadora de bateria puede o no encenderse dependiendo del estado de la EEPROM dentro de la bateria. Despues de que la haya cargado por 6 horas siga el procedimiento EEPROM Init.

Paso 2

Siga el procedimiento EEPROM Init.

Step 1

BTest-2 systems can trickle charge. Please insert the battery into a BTest-2 system and leave it plugged up to AC power for 6 hours. Your battery indicator light may or may not light up depending on the status of the EEPROM inside the battery. After you have charged for 6 hours then please follow EEPROM Init.

Step 2

Follow the EEPROM Init procedure.

Inicialización EEPROM

El siguiente procedimiento es para recuperar baterías con información corrompida en la EEPROM, esto requiere que el controlador embebido (EC) en el laptop sea puesto en reset. Como resultado el teclado y los botones dejaran de funcionar. Una vez que siga el procedimiento usted tendrá que desconectar el XO del poder AC y remover la batería. Si usted tienen un teclado USB, el ciclo de apagado no es necesario. los teclados USB no son afectados por el EC y usted puede reiniciar escribiendo 'reboot' en el 'ok' prompter.

Procedimiento de inicio de la EEPROM:

1. Descargue el programa 'batman.fth' desde batman.fth y guardelo en un a USB como directorio principal.
2. Coloque ese disco USB en el XO y prendalo.
3. Cuando OpenFirmware bootee espere el siguiente texto
   Type any key to interrupt automatic startup
   When Cuando vea esto presione una tecla cualquiera. Esto lo colocara en el prompter 'ok'.
4. Cargue el programa batman.fth escribiendo
   fload disk:\batman.fth
   
5. Corra el programa de recuperación
   bat-check-and-recover
   Esto imprimira un mensaje indicando que tipo de bateria usted tiene y si se ha detectado que la EEPROM ha sido corrupta. El siguiente es un ejemplo de lo que muestra una bateria NiMH con una EEPROM corrupta.
   

ok bat-check-and-recover
Checking NiMH battery
Scaning
Battery EEPROM data corrupted... Fixing.
Done
ok

Y una sin corrupción de la EEPROM

ok bat-check-and-recover
Checking NiMH battery
Scaning
Done
ok

• En esta etapa el teclado de la laptop y los botones del panel no funcionan, entonces para apagar usted debe remover la potencia AC y remover la batería. si usted esta usando un teclado USB entonces usted puede tipear 'kbc-on' lo que reiniciara su sistema.

• Si usted ve un mensaje como

bat-check-and-recover ?

Trate usando una memoria USB diferente, o experimente with different USB formats.

• Si usted ve un mensaje como

No response from battery

Devuelvase y pruebe todos los anteriores pasos para asegurarse de que no le falto nada por hacer; pruebe. PRuebe que la batería este adentro del laptop. Pruebe reinsertando la batería varias veces. Si usted obtiene este mensaje repetidamente usted tienen una bateria que no es recuperable. por favor contacte a alguien de OLPC para conseguir un reemplazo.

The following is a procedure for recovering batteries with corrupted EEPROM info. This procedure requires that the embedded controller (EC) in the laptop be placed into reset. As a result the keyboard and buttons will quit working. Once you follow the procedure you will have to unplug the XO from AC power and remove the battery.

If you have a USB keyboard then the power cycle is not necessary. USB keyboards are not affected by the EC and you can reboot with by typing 'reboot' at the 'ok' prompt.

EEPROM init procedure:

1. Download the 'batman.fth' recovery program from batman.fth and save it onto a USB disk in the very top directory.
2. Put that USB disk into the XO and power up the XO.
3. When OpenFirmware boots watch for the following text
   Type any key to interrupt automatic startup
   When you see this string do as instructed and press a key on the keyboard. This will place you at the 'ok' prompt.
4. Load the batman.fth program by typing
   fload disk:\batman.fth
   
5. Run the recover program
   bat-check-and-recover
   This will print out a message indicating what battery type you have and if it has detected that the EEPROM has been corrupted. The following is a sample output from a NiMH battery with a corrupted EEPROM.
   

ok bat-check-and-recover
Checking NiMH battery
Scaning
Battery EEPROM data corrupted... Fixing.
Done
ok

And one without EEPROM corruption

ok bat-check-and-recover
Checking NiMH battery
Scaning
Done
ok

• At this stage the laptop keyboard and panel buttons are inoperable so to shut down you must remove AC power and remove the battery. If you are using a USB keyboard then you can type 'kbc-on' which will restart the system.

• If you see a message like

bat-check-and-recover ?

try using a different USB stick, or experiment with different USB formats.

• If you see a message like

No response from battery

Go back and check all your previous steps to make sure you did not miss anything. Check to see that the battery is actually in the laptop. Try re-inserting the battery a couple of times. If you repeatedly get this message then you have a battery that is not recoverable. Please contact someone at OLPC to get a replacement.

Cargadores Externos

B1 systems have a hardware problem that prevents them from charging batteries that have discharged to very low levels. To bring the battery capacity back up to a level that a B1 can manage, external methods are necessary.

WARNING: If you are not comfortable working with electronics then please seek assistance from someone who is. Even at low capacity these batteries can deliver a significant amount of energy. Shorting the positive and negative terminals with a wire or metal will cause VERY large currents to flow which will burn up smaller wires or metal shims. These can burn you or catch fire. Furthermore, overcharging these batteries will cause them to overheat possibly catching fire. Overcharging or shorting the terminals stresses the battery and significantly reduces the lifetime.

Special tools needed:

• Adjustable voltage power supply with a current limit
• Small metal shims to insert into the battery connector. ( Red spade lug connectors are said to work well. )

Conectores de la Baterías

Once removed from the XO, the battery exposes three terminals. The one wire bus is used to program the battery's internal EEPROM, which stores information such as battery state and identification.

BLUE

one wire bus

BLACK

negative terminal

RED

positive terminal

Baterías NiMH

The XO NiMH battery has a capacity of 3800 mAH. Slow charging at rates of C/10 (capacity/10) are recommended for external charging without an advanced charging circuit. The manufacturer of the batteries has told us that rates up to C/5 (760 mA) are acceptable for external charging.

Using a 3 ~ 15W DC power supply, limit the DC output current to 760mA. Starting at 0V slowly increase the voltage on the battery until you get to some where between 6.5V and 7.3V. The power supply should be in current limit. Charging at currents less than 760mA are fine but it will take longer. Please do not increase the voltage above 7.3V even if you are under the 760mA limit.

Charge the battery pack till the CCV (closed circuit voltage) at battery terminals reaches 6.5V and above before plugging it back to XO. You can tell this by setting the supply voltage to 6.5V and looking at the current. If the current is zero or very near zero then you have reached 6.5V.

As there is no overcharge control with an external dc power supply, do not charge the battery above the 7.3V voltage limit.

Pendiente

• Charging specs for LiFePO4

Almacenamiento Prolongado

If you plan to store a system for many weeks or months, your best strategy is to fully charge the battery and remove the battery from the laptop. Batteries naturally lose charge with time (how fast depends on the battery and its chemistry), and the embedded controller in the laptop, while sipping tiny amounts of power in its low power state, will drain the battery faster. Even though BTest-2 systems should now always be able to recover batteries that are fully discharged (except those noted above), it is a trickle charge process and time consuming.

As you can see above, letting a battery drain all the way will cause problems when recharging, how severe depends on the circumstances.

This strategy to remove batteries is true for all battery powered equipment, from flashlights up. Batteries sometimes leak. And some chemistries of Lithium batteries (not LiFePo) can get into a metastable state where they cannot be recharged.