Hardware specification

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Laptop Hardware

The XO-1 laptop is a central focus of One Laptop Per Child. After three years of development, it is in mass production, with hundreds of thousands of units deployed in the field, and thousands more with developers and for testing in schools all over the world.

Specifications

Drawing75c1.jpg
Dimensioned Drawing of XO, click to enlarge

The definitive laptop specification is only available in PDF format. This page attempts to accurately reflect that information.

Physical dimensions

  • Approximate dimensions: 242mm × 228mm × 32mm (see drawing to the right for detailed dimensions)
  • Approximate weight:
    • XO laptop with LiFePO4 battery: 1.45KG (~3.20lbs);
    • XO laptop with NiMH battery: 1.58KG (~3.48lbs);
  • Configuration: Convertible laptop with pivoting, reversible display; dirt- and moisture-resistant system enclosure; no fan.

Core electronics

  • A photo of the XO Motherboard is available, with or without annotations.
  • CPU: x86-compatible processor with 64KB each L1 I and D cache; at least 128KB L2 cache;
  • CPU clock speed: 433 Mhz;
  • i586 instruction set (including MMX and 3DNow! Enhanced) with additional Geode-specific instructions
  • Companion chips: PCI and memory interface integrated with CPU;
    • North Bridge: PCI and Memory Interface integrated with Geode CPU (info)
    • South Bridge: datasheet Errata
  • Graphics controller: Integrated with CPU; unified memory architecture;
  • Embedded controller: ENE KB3700 or ENE KB3700B;
  • DRAM memory: 256 MiB dynamic RAM; data rate: dual-DDR333-166Mhz;
  • BIOS: 1024KiB SPI-interface flash ROM;
  • Open Firmware used to load the operating system;
  • Mass storage: 1024 MiB SLC NAND flash; (a few "Red XOs" have been built with 2048 MiB of flash)
  • Drives: No rotating media.
  • CAFE ASIC (camera- and flash-enabler chip provides high-performance camera, NAND FLASH and SD interfaces); Marvell 88ALP01: CAFE Specification plus presence detect erratum
Prototype-A Motherboard

Display

Main article: Display
  • Liquid-crystal display: 7.5” dual-mode TFT display;
  • Viewing area: 152.4 mm × 114.3 mm;
  • Two "modes" depending on lighting conditions:
(1) Grayscale (B&W) reflective mode: for outdoor use—sunlight-readable; primarily lit from the front by ambient light; high-resolution (200 DPI), 1200(H) × 900(V) grayscale pixels; power consumption 0.1–0.2Watts;
(2) Color, backlight mode: for indoor use; primarily lit from behind by the LED backlight; built in sub-pixel sampling of the displayed color information results in a perceived resolution of approximately 984(H) × 738(V); power consumption 0.2–1.0Watts;
  • The display-controller chip (DCON) with memory that enables the display to remain live with the processor suspended. The DCON also formats data for the display.
  • This Liquid-crystal display is the basis of our extremely low power architecture. The XO is usable while the CPU and much of the motherboard is regularly turned off (and on) so quickly that it's imperceptible to the user. Huge power savings are harvested in this way (e.g. by turning stuff on the motherboard off when it's not being used (if even for a few seconds), while keeping the display on).
Note: web browser images are currently scaled up so that an image of very roughly [800 × 600] fills up the browser window.
Etoys running on the first OLPC display prototype

Integrated peripherals

Keyboard detail
  • Camera: integrated color video camera; 640 x 480 resolution at 30 FPS; independent (and undefeatable by software) display of microphone and camera recording status; the camera and device driver support disabling AGC and automatic color balancing, to enable its use as a photometric sensor for educational applications;
  • Wireless Networking: Integrated 802.11b/g (2.4GHz) interface; 802.11s (Mesh) networking supported; dual adjustable, rotating antennas support diversity reception; capable of mesh operation when CPU is powered down;
  • Status indicators: Power, battery, and WiFi (2), visible with lid open or closed; Microphone In-Use, and Camera In-Use, visible when lid is open.

External connectors

  • DC power: 6mm (1.65mm center pin) connector; 11 to 18 V input usable, –32 to +40V input tolerated; power draw limited to 18 W; - see power connector dimensions at Battery and power.
  • Headphone output: standard 3.5mm 3-pin switched stereo audio jack;
  • Microphone input: standard 3.5mm 2-pin switched mono microphone jack; selectable 2V DC bias; selectable sensor-input mode (DC or AC coupled);
  • USB: Three Type-A USB 2.0 connectors; Up to 1A power supplied (total);
  • Flash Expansion: SD Card slot.
Connectors

Battery

  • Pack type: 2 or 4 cells LiFePO4; or 5 cells NiMH, approx. 6V series configuration (subject to change);
  • Capacity: 16.5 Watt-hours (NIMH), 22 Watt-hours (LiFeP);
  • Fully-enclosed “hard” case; user removable;
  • Electronics integrated with the pack provide:
    • Identification;
    • Battery charge and capacity monitoring chip (Maxim DS2756 data sheet);
    • Thermal and over-current sensors along with cutoff switch to protect battery;
  • Minimum 2,000 charge/discharge cycles (to 50% capacity of new).
  • Power Management will be critical

See Laptop Batteries or more information.

Battery

BIOS/loader

  • Open Firmware (including hardware initialization and fast resume).

Environmental specifications

  • Temperature: UL certification planned to 45C in Q32007, pending 50C certification in mid-2008;
  • Humidity: UL certification planned to IP42 (perhaps higher) when closed, the unit should seal well enough that children walking to and from school need not fear rainstorms and dust;
  • Maximum altitude: –15m to 3048m (14.7 to 10.1 PSIA) (operating), –15m to 12192m (14.7 to 4.4 PSIA) (non-operating);
  • Shock 125g, 2ms, half-sine (operating) 200g, 2ms, half-sine (non-operating);
  • Random vibration: 0.75g zero-to-peak, 10Hz to 500Hz, 0.25 oct/min sweep rate (operating); 1.5g zero-to-peak, 10Hz to 500Hz, 0.5 oct/min sweep rate (nonoperating);
  • 2-3mm plastic walls (1.3mm is typical for most systems).

Regulatory requirements

  • The usual US and EU EMI/EMC (electromagnetic-interference and electromagnetic-compatibility) requirements will be met;
  • The laptop meets IEC 60950-1, EN 60950-1, and CSA/UL 60950-1 specifications. It also complies with UL 1310 and UL 498. In order to guarantee the safety of children using the laptop, it passes ASTM F 963;
  • The external power adapter complies with IEC, EN, and CSA/UL 60950-1;
  • The removable battery pack complies with IEC, EN, and CSA/UL 60950-1 and UL 2054;
  • RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive – EU) compliant.


  For Developers

Support Hardware

Serial Adapter (for developers)

Serial Adapter

Laptop Development Schedule

On April 15, 2006, the first prototypes of the XO, the A1 prototype boards, were first powered on. Development continued with the first B1 laptops, and enough B2 laptops for initial trials. The B3 prototypes were refreshed with a faster processor and more memory/NAND flash, and the following B4 is very similar to a production model. In November of 2007, production started with the C2 version.

Repair Parts List

A complete Repair Parts List is under development.

See also

Formerly part of this page:

See also:

School Server Hardware

While the laptop is rightfully at the center of OLPC, a valuable peripheral is the school server. OLPC will be building and distributing school servers along with the laptops, to extend the storage and computation provided by each laptop, as well as providing a local library and a mesh portal to the Internet.

Unlike the laptop, the school server is more of a collection of services than a hardware platform. In a manner identical to the laptop, OLPC will collaborate with manufacturing partners to provide a cost-efficient hardware platform for running the recommended software. Unlike the laptop, the manufacturing collaboration will not be exclusive. Individual countries will be free (even encouraged) to design and manufacture their own school servers running derivatives of the OLPC school server software.

XS

This will be the school server designed by OLPC. It is mostly designed, but currently on hold as we reconsider manufacturers, and should reach early production volumes in spring 2008. See the specification.

XSX

XSX limited-production prototype school server. The actual XS school servers won't look anything like this.

This is a prototype school server, built for early school trials in country. It will be integrated from off-the-shelf components, and will be overpowered compared to a production school server in order to simplify early demands for system software. See the specification and the implementation.

Active Antenna

The active antennae used in the school-server configurations are the same as the Marvell radios in the XO laptops:

  • Connection: USB
  • Cable length: 5m
  • Power: 5V @ 800mA
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