Software components

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The XO runs a number of pieces of software, built on top of a modified Fedora Core kernel. Versions of Debian, Fedora, Ubuntu, and Windows have been developed that run cleanly on the XO.

LiveCDs and Emulation

You can emulate the current build of the OLPC environment -- Fedora 9 + Sugar + core activities -- by installing a LiveCD or running one of our images under emulation.

OLPC software details

Operating system

Programming environments

  • Python (Version 2.5);
    • Pippy, an activity for exploring Python on the XO;
  • Forth in Open Firmware, accessible from the 'ok' prompt if you get a Developer Key;
  • JavaScript™;
  • Csound, music programming language;
  • Etoys, an implementation of Squeak using Smalltalk, an object-based programming language;
    • Please see Sugar Etoys for a detailed description of the Sugar implementation
  • Turtle Art, a graphical programming environment;
  • Gnash, a free and open source plug-in for the Adobe Flash™ file format supporting vector and raster graphics, a scripting language called ActionScript™ and streaming of audio and video;
  • Adobe's Flash Player, Java™ virtual machine, and other Restricted Formats can be added via Yum or Rpm install but are not part of the standard distribution.

Libraries

Libraries to support all of the above, others can be installed by Yum or Rpm.

User environment

  • Sugar graphical user interface, written in Python, on top of the X Window System and the Matchbox Window Manager.
  • ~800 MiB of flash storage space available for other software content.
  • WindowMaker_Interface A interface that has been around in Linux for many years. It runs on top on the X Windows system and was written in C++. WindowMaker is more of a standard laptop interface than you would see on any laptop. This interface is still in its infancy in the OLPC Laptop and Needs a lot of new community documentation and testing before it is used in class rooms. The only drawback for WindowMaker on the OLPC is that there is a bug in scrolling and refresh rate of the screen.
  • OpenBox A very small compact window manager written in C++. If your looking into changing changing from Sugar to a more conventional windows manager this is the one you should use. Its fast efficient and displays windows nicely. Works very well with abiword, firefox and gnome-terminal.
  • Xfce is a lightweight but powerful desktop environment that will work well on the XO. It aims to be fast and lightweight, while still being visually appealing and easy to use. Xfce is mainly used for its ability to run a modern desktop environment on relatively modest hardware, and therefor an excellent choice for the OLPC. It is based on the GTK+ 2 toolkit (as is GNOME). It uses the Xfwm window manager. Its configuration is entirely mouse-driven, and the configuration files are hidden from the casual user.

Applications

There are three types of applications distributed with the base system: tools for exploring, expressing, and collaborating. Applications that have been (or are being) built for the laptop are called activities and the Activities page has a list of them..

Application environment diagram

 ----------------------------------------------------------------
|           |             |                   |                  |
|           | Non-python  |   Sugar shell     |      Python      |
|           |   Sugar     | (Desktop window,  |       Sugar      |
|           | Activities  |      panel,       |     Activities   |
|  Regular  |  (Etoys,    |     journal)      |                  |
|     X     |  Simcity,   |                   |                  |
|    Apps   |    Mono     |--------------------------------------|
|           | activities, |      Sugar toolkit (python-only)     |
|           |    etc.)    |                                      |
|           |----------------------------------------------------|
|           |        DataStore        |         Presence         |
|           |         service         |         service          |
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
|                       Matchbox window manager                  |
| (considering switching to Metacity for improved compatibility) |
 ----------------------------------------------------------------
|                                                                |
|                   GNOME-ish Linux desktop                      |
|   X11, HAL, D-Bus, NetworkManager, GConf, Telepathy, etc       |
|                                                                |
 ----------------------------------------------------------------

from Tomeu Vizoso e-mail to devel

Tools for exploring

  • Browse, a web browser built on the Firefox engine;
  • Read, a simple document viewer accessed through Browse, based on Evince (including the ability to view PDF files);
  • News Reader, an RSS (“really simple syndication”) subscription reader (PenguinTV);
  • multimedia playback using gstreamer (the Real Networks Helix™ platform has been ported to the laptop and is available for download but is not part of the base distribution);
  • OpenDocument Viewer to read documents in OpenDocument format, a highly-compressed format that is a fully open international standard (ISO 26300);
  • The Opera web browser and the Real Networks Helix™ platform have been ported to the laptop and are available for download but not part of the standard distribution.
  • Measure, a tool for exploring the physical world by measuring DC and AC voltages, observing them on a oscilloscope-like interface, being able to watch waveforms in frequency domain (spectrum analyzer), logging data at a specified time interval, and drawing the graph of logged data;
  • Distance, aka Acoustic Tape Measure, measures the distance between two XO laptops.

Tools for expressing

  • TamTam, a music synthesis and composition tool;
  • Etoys (see above);
  • a word processor based upon the Abiword project;
  • Record video, audio, and still-image capture and playback (a “video wiki” is under development);
  • Draw, a pixel-paint programming;
  • a journal;
  • MikMik, a wiki with WYSIWYG editing, using Crossmark (under development);
  • VIM and nano text editors.

Tools for communicating

  • Chat and serverless instant messenger;
  • Video Chat (under development);
  • a VoIP client (under development);
  • Email through the web-based Gmail service;
  • Native email client (under development).

Other Tools

Online Applications

  • Google Docs (spreadsheet and word processor) work flawlessly from the XO browser. In addition, they are also shareable applications.
  • Apple Web Apps, although designed for the iPhone, work well for the XO. You access them from your Browser. In many cases just zoom into the page to fill the screen.
  • ALEKS (adaptive self-paced learning system) See ALEKS for information on getting ALEKS running on an XO
  • Drupal explains how to install the Drupal community content management system on your XO
  • THE ALAS PROJECT (Advanced Language Acquisition Software) is a free online program for teaching English to speakers of Spanish, and Spanish to speakers of English, through sister schools in the U.S. and Latin America. The program is designed to run on the XO laptop.

Games

  • Numerous games, including variations of the “memory game”, strategy games, etc.

Shared Applications

All applications share a common data store accessible through the Journal. Several applications, including reading, writing, recording and browsing, allow for child-to-child and teacher-to-child collaboration to varying extents through the network. See Activity sharing and Collaboration Tutorial.

Running other Linux apps

You can install and run other Linux software by using yum or rpm in a Terminal Activity. By way of example, see the Skype page in the wiki.

Mesh Networking

The specifications for the wireless networking interface include:

  • Ability to act as a mesh point when laptop's main CPU is off;
  • Support for asymmetric links/paths;
  • Incremental releases—mesh networking is available immediately on XO; Upgrades will continue to improve functionality and adherence with standards;
  • Simultaneously acts as a mesh point and an infrastructure node.
  • Standards Compliance: follow 802.11s draft when possible.

TO BE CONTINUED BAY

School Server

The School server is software for a resource-rich peer to the laptop, which provides additional storage, and Internet access.

Additional Software projects

(Please see the Activities page for a more complete list of activities being developed for the laptop. Below is just a sampling.)

Builds, images, and schedules

OLPC regularly compiles and assembles "builds" of the OLPC software listed here for development. This process creates software updates for the XO Machines, and OS "images" of the bundled software that users on other computers can run by Emulating the XO.

These builds progress towards various official releases of the OLPC software:

  • See Builds for a list of build targets for manufacturing, in-the-field updates, and future software development;
  • See Roadmap for the high-level schedule of releases.

See also

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