Olpc-update/lang-ja
Template:Translation/no translation/lang-ja
| Please copy/paste "{{Translationlist | xx | origlang=en | translated={{{translated}}}}}" (where xx is ISO 639 language code for your translation) to Olpc-update/lang-ja/translations | HowTo [ID# 128767] +/- |
olpc-update is a command-line program to update your system software. It preserves your files (journal) and activities you have installed.
olpc-update can download the new version from the internet, or from a file on a USB drive. See Updating the XO for other update scenarios.
The old software version is erased the first time the new version is booted, but this can be prevented.
(Certain really old builds, like 656, can't olpc-update to recent builds. Check the release notes of a recent build to find out if olpc-update can be used from a really old build. If not, then you must install the recent build afresh.)
What version do I have now?
To tell what version of the system software you have, follow How to check the OS and firmware versions.
Disk space requirements
Due to its fail-safe design, olpc-update must store all of the changed files in the release that you are updating to, alongside the existing release that you are running, for a short time. olpc-update cannot complete if there is not enough disk space available.
If upgrading between minor releases within the same release series or between development releases in the same development stream, the space required will be low. However, if upgrading from one major release to another (e.g. 10.1.3 to 11.2.0), you will probably need more than 300mb of disk space available (even though the upgrade process will finish with approximately the same amount of disk space available).
How to upgrade
See the Releases page for the releases that are available. The release notes for each recent release will explain exactly how to use olpc-update to update to that particular version. Be sure to read the release notes before starting the update.
The instructions below are generic.
Simple online update
Note: You should always back up important files; e.g., to a USB drive or to a school server before updating, just in case.
</noinclude>:Main article: olpc-update
olpc-update is designed to work with even the worst internet connections, and will do no harm if it is interrupted during download. It will resume from where it left off, without having to download what it has already downloaded. To manually upgrade your machine when a new version is released:
- Plug the XO into an electrical outlet
- Connect to the internet. If you are upgrading because you have a WPA hotspot at home, you might want to go to a Public Hotspot to connect to the internet for an online upgrade, such as a T-Mobile hotspot or a local libary.
Firewall note: olpc-upgrade requires outgoing TCP PORT:873 to be unfiltered by the hotspot's firewall. In otherwords if the laptop has functional-access to the internet but olpc-upgrade returns the message "I don't think you're connected to the internet." check the hotspot's firewall is not blocking the outgoing TCP Port 873. - Start the Terminal Activity
(or if you cannot do so, open a console) and type the following (press the Enter key after it):
sudo olpc-update build-identifier
The build-identifier is normally identified on the release notes of the release you are upgrading to. Historically, build identifiers were simple numbers (e.g. 802), for newer builds prefixes are used to separate between the different laptop models (e.g. 10.1.3_xo1.5-860).
If you get an error saying "command not found", type "su -", press enter and then "olpc-update build-identifier" and press enter. For example:
su -
/usr/sbin/olpc-update 802
If olpc-update successfully connects to the update server, some messages should display
Downloading contents of build build-identifier
Updating to version hash xxxx
Making clean /versions/updates/...
Trying irsync_pristine update from rsync://updates.laptop.org/build-build-number
- Cleaning tree.
- Fetching contents.
- Performing incremental rsync.
Verifying update.
Installing update in /versions/{pristine,run}/xxxx
Where xxxx is a version-specific number.
The olpc-update program uses several methods to update. If "irsync_pristine" fails, it will try "irsync dirty update", and then try "Performing full rsync". As long as the last method completes without errors, you're fine.
This process may take more than thirty minutes.
When the process is complete, you need to reboot, unless you supplied the -r option to olpc-update.
If the new build includes newer firmware, then your XO will reboot twice.
When the XO restarts the update will be complete.
After updating, you should run the Sugar activity updater from the control panel. If not, you may find that various activities are not working.
Simple offline update
Unless you are running a very old release, you can also download the new release data onto a USB disk from an internet-connected computer, and then use olpc-update on an XO to perform the update, without requiring any internet connection.
Prepare a USB drive
Your USB drive needs to be writable from the computer on which you'll download the files, and readable from a running XO (as /media/YourDriveName).
- (Note that /media changes to /run/media/olpc for Fedora 17 based builds used in 12.1.0 and later).
Download .usb and .toc files onto USB
Insert a USB drive into a computer connected to the Internet.
Go to the download.laptop.org site to fetch the latest XO-1 release or the latest XO-1.5 release. You need to download two files from the build's directory to the top directory of your USB drive: osNNN.usb and osNNN.toc, where NNN is the numeric part of the build you are updating to. For example, if you are updating to build 711, the files would be named os711.usb and os711.toc; if you are updating to build joyride-1452, the files would be named os1452.usb and os1452.toc.
Right-click (Ctrl-click for Mac) on each of the two names and choose "Save Target As" ("Save Link As" for Firefox). Save both files to the USB drive. Do not open the files.
USB update
- Plug the XO into an electrical outlet
- Insert your USB drive with the .toc and .usb files on it into your XO.
- Start the Terminal activity (or if you cannot do so, open the console), and enter:
sudo /usr/sbin/olpc-update --usb
If you get "command not found" errors, enter:
su - /usr/sbin/olpc-update --usb
When olpc-update is finished, reboot to start using your new build.
Retention of previous versions
As of release 11.2.0, olpc-update only keeps 1 software version available by default (i.e. the old version is deleted after booting into the new version for the first time).
Older releases maintained two versions ("primary" and "alternate"), so that you could switch between the two (accepting any strange side effects caused by a software downgrade, not really supported by OLPC or the software that it ships).
Avoiding purge of previous versions
You can avoid olpc-update from deleting old versions in any situation by marking them as sticky, e.g. for build 802:
touch /versions/sticky/802
Restoring a previous OS
If you are using an old release where 2 versions are maintained, or if you are running a modern release and have requested olpc-update to not purge one of the versions, you can switch between the 2 versions as follows:
- shutdown the XO
- power-on while holding down the ' O ' gamepad key.
- release the key when you're instructed to do so
- check the OS version
Purging a previous OS
If you have marked a version as sticky and now wish to remove it, or if you are running an old release where the old version is maintained and you wish to free up the disk space occupied by it, you can follow the example Terminal session log shown below.
Identify what is present
List the available builds on the system.
# ls /versions/pristine/*/boot/olpc_build /versions/pristine/802/boot/olpc_build /versions/pristine/ed3fcf7128610f1f6fe07890f2315742/boot/olpc_build # cat /versions/pristine/*/boot/olpc_build 802 851
This shows there are builds 802 and 851 available on the system.
Identify what is running
# cat /boot/olpc_build 851
This shows that the build currently running is build 851. Do not purge a build if it is the one running now — things break badly.
Measure free space before purge
# df / Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/mtdblock0 1048576 708572 340004 68% /
This shows roughly 340004 KB available.
Purge the unused build
# rm -rf /versions/pristine/802 /versions/contents/802 /versions/run/802
Removes all the files of the unused build. Takes a few seconds.
Measure free space after purge
# df / Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on /dev/mtdblock0 1048576 495944 552632 48% /
This shows roughly 552632 KB is available, a significant increase.
Verify builds present
# ls /versions/pristine/*/boot/olpc_build /versions/pristine/ed3fcf7128610f1f6fe07890f2315742/boot/olpc_build # cat /versions/pristine/*/boot/olpc_build 851
This shows only the one build is now present.
There is no need to reboot or restart after purging the alternate build.
More information
The olpc-update script works by transferring only the differences between builds from a USB drive or across the internet link from an updates server. This makes updating easier, mostly quicker, and almost always with less data transfer.
As an example of the data efficiency gain,
- A full reinstallation from OS build 602 to 603 would normally take about 279Mb of download data, whereas olpc-update takes 16Mb of download data,
- A full reinstallation from OS build 603 to 608 would normally take 262Mb of download data, whereas olpc-update takes 6.5Mb of download data,
- An olpc-update from OS build 602 to 625 takes 33Mb of download data.
The time efficiency gain is less easy to characterize. It depends on the speed of the internet link, the speed of the updates server, and whether the update was able to use its server-friendly efficiency mode. An olpc-update from 602 to 603 took under 17 minutes.
The current updates server is updates.laptop.org.
Advanced usage
Update using another laptop
Q: How can I re-use the bits for multiple laptops, using a laptop?
A: Imagine that you have two laptops, one is called SOURCE and the other TARGET.
On the SOURCE laptop, add an rsyncd.conf file to /etc:
[contents]
path = /versions/contents
uid = root
gid = root
[pristine]
path = /versions/pristine
uid = root
gid = root
Then start rsync --daemon there.
On the TARGET laptop, use rsync to check access and identify the build that is available:
SOURCE=10.0.0.1
rsync rsync://${SOURCE}/contents
Where 10.0.0.1 is the IP address or domain name of the SOURCE laptop.
Take note of the build identifier. It will be a hexadecimal hash, 64 characters long.
On the TARGET laptop, create an appropriate 'hints' file:
export SOURCE=10.0.0.1
export BUILD=dd44...597f
python2.5
>>> import os, bitfrost.util.json as json
>>> hints = ('%(BUILD)s' % os.environ, 'normal', [('rsync','rsync://%(SOURCE)s/pristine/%(BUILD)s' % os.environ)])
>>> open('hints.json','w').write(json.write(hints))
>>> exit()
Now on the TARGET laptop, use olpc-update to upgrade or downgrade to that build:
sudo olpc-update --hints hints.json
Several laptops can all be updated in the same way from one source with the same 'hints.json' file.
Setting up a local updates server
The school server integrates with olpc-update. The XS-rsync component accepts software images and makes them available to olpc-update clients.
A dated, alternative solution is described at Upgrade Server.
For Developers
Original specification: XO updater
Source:
- git://dev.laptop.org/projects/olpc-update
- http://dev.laptop.org/git/projects/olpc-update
- http://dev.laptop.org/pub/source/olpc-update/
Maintainer: User:DanielDrake
olpc-update uses olpc-contents for most of the heavy lifting.
簡単なオンラインアップグレードの方法
olpc-update(XOのOS更新用のコマンドです)はたとえ十分な速度と品質のインターネット接続が得られなくても動作するように設計されています。そしてもしダウンロード中に不意に中断するようなことがあったとしてもシステムにはなんら影響を及ぼさないはずです。もし新しく更新されたバージョンのソフトウェアが気に入らなくても、次回あなたがラップトップのスイッチを入れるときにゲームパッドの"O"キーを押し続けることで古いバージョンに戻すことが出来ます。（ゲームパッドのキーは右側のスピーカーと電源ボタンの間にあります）
以下は、新しいバージョンがリリースされたときに、手動でアップグレードを行うための手順です。
- XOの電源コードをコンセントに差し込みます。
- インターネットに接続します。もし家にWPA hostspot(WPAに対応したアクセスポイント)が家にあるのでアップグレードをしようとしているのであれば、オンラインアップグレードを実行するためにインターネットに接続するのにT-Mobileのホットスポットや地元の図書館などの 公衆無線LANのホットスポットに行った方が良いかもしれません。（※訳注：XOは標準ではWPA形式の無線LAN接続に対応していないため。手動で対応させる方法が在るが、初心者には敷居が高い）
ファイアウォールを経由する場合の注意：olpc-upgradeを使うためには、外向きのTCPポート:873がホットスポットのファイアウォールにて解放されている必要が在ります。つまり、XOがインターネットに接続できたとしても（Browseとかでホームページが見れたとしても）olpc-upgradeは"I don't think you're connected to the internet.（どうもインターネットにつながってないみたいです）"というエラーメッセージを返します。その場合はホットスポットのファイアウォールが外向きのTCP873ポートをブロックしていないか確認してください。
- Terminalアクティビティ を開き、下記のコマンドを打ち込むか（各行の最後で毎回Enterを押します）、CTRL+ALT+(３つの点のアイコンが書かれたキー）を同時に押して"root"でログインし、そして以下のコマンドを入力します。
su -l olpc-update build-number
ここで、
- su -lという行のところでは, 数字の"1"ではなく、"L"の小文字を入力します。
注意：suコマンドはいくつかのビルドではあなたが"root"にならないと、パスワードを入力しなければ機能しないことがあります。そのような場合はターミナルの画面の上にある"#_"アイコンを押すと"root"になることができます。またその他のビルドでは、上記の代わりに"sudo olpc-update build-number"と入力する必要があるかもしれません。
- build-numberはあなたがアップグレードしたいビルドの番号を示します。
- 最新の安定版日ルドは656です。（訳注：G1G1のXOは656でリリースされています）
- 656より以前のビルドにおいてインストールされた外部アプリケーションは、ビルド656へのアップグレードによって認識されなくなってしまうかもしれません。 詳しくはTrac #6317をご覧下さい。--Chihyu 13:26, 1 February 2008 (EST)
- もしあなたが現在まだ正式にサポートされていないかなり新しい実験的レベルのXOソフトウェアのバージョンのテストを手伝ってくださるならば、developer keyが必要ないcandidate-703へアップデートすることが可能です。joyride-1914 (2008/4/30にビルド）に関してはdeveloper keyが必要で、実験やテストのレベルのバージョンのソフトウェアを含んでおり、そして不安定でしょう。（主として人柱になる覚悟のあるテスターや開発者向けです）
無事アップデートプログラムがアップデートサーバに接続されると、以下のようなメッセージが表示されるはずです。
Downloading contents of build build-number
Updating to version hash ...
Making clean /versions/updates/...
Trying irsync_pristine update from rsync://updates.laptop.org/build-build-number
- Cleaning tree.
- Fetching contents.
- Performing incremental rsync.
Verifying update.
Installing update in /versions/{pristine,run}/...
ここで、...はある特定のバージョン番号を示します。
このアップデートの処理は３０分以上かかるかもしれません。処理が完了したら、 (olpc-updateコマンドに-rオプションを指定していたならば) XOは勝手にリスタートし、アップデート処理は完了です。