Spanish language: Difference between revisions

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{{Infobox language
Spanish, the language of [[Spain]] and most of Latin America, is written in the Latin alphabet with several accented letters, all of which are included in the Latin-1 block of Unicode.
| name_english = Castilian, Spanish
| name_native = Castellano, Español
| number_of_speakers = ~ 420,000,000
| countries = Andorra, '''[[OLPC Argentina|Argentina]]''', Belize, [[OLPC Bolivia|Bolivia]], [[OLPC Chile|Chile]], '''[[OLPC Colombia|Colombia]]''', Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, [[OLPC Ecuador|Ecuador]], El Salvador, [[Equatorial Guinea]], España, Guatemala, Honduras, [[OLPC Mexico|México]], Morocco, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, '''[[OLPC Peru|Perú]]''', Philippines, Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago, '''[[OLPC Uruguay|Uruguay]]''', '''[[OLPC USA|USA]]''', Venezuela
| image_map =
| official_status = official
| unicode_support = Latin-1 Block
| direction = lrtb
| alphabets = [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_alphabet Latin] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_alphabet Spanish variant])<br>ABCDEFGHIJKLMNÑOPQRSTUVWXYZ<br>abcdefghijklmnñopqrstuvwxyz<br>ÁÉÍÓÚÜ áéíóúü ¿¡!?
| iso_639_1 = es
| iso_639_2 = spa
| iso_639_3 = [http://www.sil.org/iso639-3/documentation.asp?id=spa spa]
| olpc_status_color = green
}}
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish_language Spanish or Castilian], the official language of Spain and most of Latin America, is written in the Latin alphabet with several accented letters, all of which are included in the Latin-1 block of Unicode.


Although the term ''spanish'' (''español'') is frequently used, the correct name of the language is ''castelian'' (''castellano''). See "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Names_given_to_the_Spanish_language Names given to the Spanish language]".
''Spanish'' (''español'') and ''Castilian'' (''castellano'') terms are both used and correct "[http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archivo:Castellano-Espa%C3%B1ol.png Names given to the Spanish language]". Association of Spanish Language Academies [http://buscon.rae.es/dpdI/SrvltGUIBusDPD?lema=espa%F1ol prefer "spanish"] form.


== l10n ==
Full alphabet:
:ABCDEFGHIJKLMNÑOPQRSTUVWXYZ
:abcdefghijklmnñopqrstuvwxyz


; Character sets : [[Unicode]] supported.
Some years ago, the [http://www.rae.es Real Academia Española] determined that the special 'composed' characters such as ch, ll, rr (which except for the double r, were all considered autonomous characters&mdash;ie: a, b, c, ch, d...) were 'discarded' and standardized into just a simple sequenciation. For further information you can see the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system_of_Spanish wikipedia's article].


; Script layout : is left-to-right, top-to-bottom. Fully supported by [http://www.pango.org/ Pango] the [[Localization#Script layout|layout engine]] chosen.
Special characters:
:ÁÉÍÓÚÜ
:áéíóúü


; Fonts : Most (all?) Latin 1 fonts support [[Spanish]] as is. In particular the one chosen by [[OLPC Human Interface Guidelines/The Sugar Interface/Text and Fonts|HIG-Text and Fonts]] ([http://dejavu.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Main_Page DejaVu LGS Sans]).
Special (punctuation) symbols:

:¿¡ªº
[[Image:Argentina-B3.png|thumb|right|es-AR keyboard]]
; Keyboard : [[OLPC_Spanish_Keyboard]] fully supports the language, although considerations should be taken regarding countries where more than one language is used. Example:
:; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aymara Aymara] : Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Perú <sub>OLPC Spanish keyboard is fine for Aymara [[User:Yamaplos|Yamaplos]] 05:20, 7 June 2008 (EDT)</sub>
:; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guaran%C3%AD Guarani] : Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, & Paraguay
:; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mapudungun Mapudungun] : Argentina & Chile
:; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quechua Quechua] : Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Perú.

; Input methods : except for 'standard' keyboard and touchpad would suffice for general use, although special considerations would be needed for physical dissabilities.

; Speech synthesis : is a very locally-sensitive issue, not only at national levels, but also regional (regardless of any political structure). Widespread existance of regional accents and intonations, together with the use of local terminology (be it from native or co-existing languages, and locally accepted barbarisms) may lead to a series of issues when deploying.
: Although there exists a 'neutral spoken spanish' (widely used for dubbing TV & movies), linguistic 'minefields' do exist between regions.

; Music and sound samples : is probably more appropriate at a country level, or better yet, provincial/state level in order to avoid predominance of the 'cultural' bias.

; Dictionaries, Spelling Checkers, Thesaurus : are very much developed in [[Spanish]], although not necessarily tuned for regional use. Of particular interest to [[Spanish]] is a working '''grammar checker''' given the level of words that differ only in an accented vowel, or differences in letters with little phonetical differentiation in everyday use: caso, casó, cazo, cazó (aprox: case/marry, married, hunt, hunted)
:; [http://aspell.net/man-html/Supported.html aspell] : [[Spanish]] is treated as a single language unit, without regional/national divisions. <tt>'''Code:'''es '''Name:''' Spanish '''Script:''' Latin '''Available:''' 0.50 '''Status:''' Incomplete</tt>
:; [http://dictionaries.mozdev.org/installation.html mozilla] : Makes / has the following subdivisions: [http://downloads.mozdev.org/dictionaries/spell-es-MX.xpi Mexico], and [http://downloads.mozdev.org/dictionaries/spell-es-ES.xpi Spain]
:; [http://www.abiword.org/languages.phtml abiword] : Divides [[Spanish]] into the following national dictionaries: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Spain, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
:; [http://wiki.services.openoffice.org/wiki/Dictionaries OpenOffice] : presents [[Spanish]] as the [http://ftp.services.openoffice.org/pub/OpenOffice.org/contrib/dictionaries/es_ES.zip Spain et al], or [http://ftp.services.openoffice.org/pub/OpenOffice.org/contrib/dictionaries/es_MX.zip Mexico]. It does offer hyphenation support.

; Character recognition : {{stub}}

== Alphabet ==

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNÑOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnñopqrstuvwxyz

Some years ago, the [http://www.rae.es Real Academia Española] determined that the special 'composed' characters such as ch, ll, rr (which except for the double r, were all considered characters&mdash;ie: a, b, c, ch, d...) were 'discarded' and standardized into just a simple sequenciation. For further information you can see the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Writing_system_of_Spanish wikipedia's article].

=== Special characters ===

; Accented characters : <tt>ÁÉÍÓÚÜÑ<br>áéíóúüñ</tt>
; Punctuation : <tt>¿¡</tt>

== Formats ==

; Date : Traditionally, dates are in the <tt>DD/MM/YY</tt>
; Numbers : For Spain use the <tt>-9.999,99</tt> format (period for thousands and coma for decimal, prefix sign). For Mexico use <tt> -9,999.99</tt> format (coma for thousands and period for decimal, prefix sign). For other Latinamerican countries: [please complete]

== Population ==
<font size="-1">
24,600 Andorra (1986)
33,000,000 Argentina official (1995)
80,477 Belize (1991 census)
3,483,700 Bolivia official + (1995)
13,800,000 Chile official (1995)
34,000,000 Colombia official (1995)
3,300,000 Costa Rica official (1995)
10,000,000 Cuba official (1995)
6,886,000 Dominican Republic official (1995)
9,500,000 Ecuador official (1995)
5,900,000 El Salvador official (1995)
11,500 Equatorial Guinea official (1993 Johnstone)
4,673,000 Guatemala official (1995)
5,600,000 Honduras official (1996)
86,211,000 Mexico official (1995)
20,000 Morocco (1993 Johnstone)
4,347,000 Nicaragua official (1995)
2,100,000 Panama official (1995)
186,880 Paraguay official (2000 WCD) 4,600,000 more likely
20,000,000 Peru official + (1995)
2,658 Philippines (1990 census)
3,437,120 Puerto Rico official (1996)
44,708,964 Spain official + (2006)
4,100 Trinidad and Tobago (2004)
3,000,000 Uruguay official (1995)
22,400,000 USA (1990 census)
21,480,000 Venezuela official (1995)
================================
343,970,119 TOTAL 348,570,119 TOTAL
Source: [http://www.ethnologue.org/show_language.asp?code=spa Ethnologue]
Note that population data is generally at least 10 years old.</font>


Traditionally, dates are in the DD/MM/YY and numbers use the 9.999,99 format (period for thousands and coma for decimal).


[[Category:Languages (international)]]
[[Category:Languages (international)]]

Latest revision as of 00:39, 25 September 2013

Castilian, Spanish
Castellano, Español
Speakers ~ 420,000,000
Countries Andorra, Argentina, Belize, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, España, Guatemala, Honduras, México, Morocco, Nicaragua, Panamá, Paraguay, Perú, Philippines, Puerto Rico, Trinidad & Tobago, Uruguay, USA, Venezuela
Status official
Unicode Latin-1 Block
Direction lrtb
Alphabet Latin (Spanish variant)
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNÑOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnñopqrstuvwxyz
ÁÉÍÓÚÜ áéíóúü ¿¡!?
ISO 639-1: es
ISO 639-2: spa
ISO/FDIS 639-3: spa

Spanish or Castilian, the official language of Spain and most of Latin America, is written in the Latin alphabet with several accented letters, all of which are included in the Latin-1 block of Unicode.

Spanish (español) and Castilian (castellano) terms are both used and correct "Names given to the Spanish language". Association of Spanish Language Academies prefer "spanish" form.

l10n

Character sets
Unicode supported.
Script layout
is left-to-right, top-to-bottom. Fully supported by Pango the layout engine chosen.
Fonts
Most (all?) Latin 1 fonts support Spanish as is. In particular the one chosen by HIG-Text and Fonts (DejaVu LGS Sans).
es-AR keyboard
Keyboard
OLPC_Spanish_Keyboard fully supports the language, although considerations should be taken regarding countries where more than one language is used. Example:
Aymara
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Perú OLPC Spanish keyboard is fine for Aymara Yamaplos 05:20, 7 June 2008 (EDT)
Guarani
Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, & Paraguay
Mapudungun
Argentina & Chile
Quechua
Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador and Perú.
Input methods
except for 'standard' keyboard and touchpad would suffice for general use, although special considerations would be needed for physical dissabilities.
Speech synthesis
is a very locally-sensitive issue, not only at national levels, but also regional (regardless of any political structure). Widespread existance of regional accents and intonations, together with the use of local terminology (be it from native or co-existing languages, and locally accepted barbarisms) may lead to a series of issues when deploying.
Although there exists a 'neutral spoken spanish' (widely used for dubbing TV & movies), linguistic 'minefields' do exist between regions.
Music and sound samples
is probably more appropriate at a country level, or better yet, provincial/state level in order to avoid predominance of the 'cultural' bias.
Dictionaries, Spelling Checkers, Thesaurus
are very much developed in Spanish, although not necessarily tuned for regional use. Of particular interest to Spanish is a working grammar checker given the level of words that differ only in an accented vowel, or differences in letters with little phonetical differentiation in everyday use: caso, casó, cazo, cazó (aprox: case/marry, married, hunt, hunted)
aspell
Spanish is treated as a single language unit, without regional/national divisions. Code:es Name: Spanish Script: Latin Available: 0.50 Status: Incomplete
mozilla
Makes / has the following subdivisions: Mexico, and Spain
abiword
Divides Spanish into the following national dictionaries: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Spain, Uruguay, and Venezuela.
OpenOffice
presents Spanish as the Spain et al, or Mexico. It does offer hyphenation support.
Character recognition
This article is a stub. You can help the OLPC project by expanding it.

Alphabet

ABCDEFGHIJKLMNÑOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnñopqrstuvwxyz

Some years ago, the Real Academia Española determined that the special 'composed' characters such as ch, ll, rr (which except for the double r, were all considered characters—ie: a, b, c, ch, d...) were 'discarded' and standardized into just a simple sequenciation. For further information you can see the wikipedia's article.

Special characters

Accented characters
ÁÉÍÓÚÜÑ
áéíóúüñ
Punctuation
¿¡

Formats

Date
Traditionally, dates are in the DD/MM/YY
Numbers
For Spain use the -9.999,99 format (period for thousands and coma for decimal, prefix sign). For Mexico use -9,999.99 format (coma for thousands and period for decimal, prefix sign). For other Latinamerican countries: [please complete]

Population

     24,600 Andorra                         (1986)
 33,000,000 Argentina            official   (1995)
     80,477 Belize                          (1991 census)
  3,483,700 Bolivia              official + (1995)
 13,800,000 Chile                official   (1995)
 34,000,000 Colombia             official   (1995)
  3,300,000 Costa Rica           official   (1995)
 10,000,000 Cuba                 official   (1995)
  6,886,000 Dominican Republic   official   (1995)
  9,500,000 Ecuador              official   (1995)
  5,900,000 El Salvador          official   (1995)
     11,500 Equatorial Guinea    official   (1993 Johnstone)
  4,673,000 Guatemala            official   (1995)
  5,600,000 Honduras             official   (1996)
 86,211,000 Mexico               official   (1995)
     20,000 Morocco                         (1993 Johnstone)
  4,347,000 Nicaragua            official   (1995)
  2,100,000 Panama               official   (1995)
    186,880 Paraguay             official   (2000 WCD)           4,600,000 more likely
 20,000,000 Peru                 official + (1995)
      2,658 Philippines                     (1990 census)
  3,437,120 Puerto Rico          official   (1996)
 44,708,964 Spain                official + (2006)
      4,100 Trinidad and Tobago             (2004)
  3,000,000 Uruguay              official   (1995)
 22,400,000 USA                             (1990 census)
 21,480,000 Venezuela            official   (1995)
================================
343,970,119 TOTAL                                             348,570,119 TOTAL 
Source: Ethnologue
        Note that population data is generally at least 10 years old.