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:''Some sections were removed from the [[Educational ideas]] page because they didn't fit the flow.''
Find other problems discussed in [[Teaching, Social and Religious Barriers]].
: ''for more analysis and feedback, see [[:Category:Feedback]] and [[:Category:Opposing views]]''


Some people object to the OLPC plan, giving a wide variety of reasons. This page lists the most articulate objections, and various background and answers. Some of this information is also gathered on [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Laptop_per_Child#Criticism Wikipedia].
Please follow conventional Wiki etiquette by placing discussion on the page provided
: ''We have to be able to solve any real problems and answer any real objections, but a lot of the objections come out of ignorance, and a lot more seem to come from people who want the idea to fail. I don't understand that. --[[User:Mokurai|Mokurai]] 00:47, 11 January 2007 (EST)''
[[http://wiki.laptop.org/go/Talk:Teaching%2C_Institutional_and_Professional_Barriers here]]. Forgive me the liberty of removing some unsigned comments interspersed in the text below to that more appropriate venue.


== Teaching, Social, and Religious Barriers ==
----


===[[Teaching Barriers]]===
Despite what certain commercial critics of OLPC may say for self-interested reasons, the OLPC machine ''is'' a powerful, general-purpose computer with many marvelous integrated input-output devices and expansion possibilities. Even in the most developed countries, such a machine would have been met with jaw-dropping awe even a decade ago, particularly for how cheaply it can be manufactured now.


Moved to separate page.
But can digital technology make the existing system work better in some way? McKinsey Inc. did a well-known study of the growth of USA
''business'' productivity in the late 1990s, which said in part:


===Social and Religious Barriers===
<blockquote>
One social barrier might be that governments would only make such laptops available to public school students and not those students that attend school which are religious. It might be wise to allow alternative means for religious schools to be able to provide laptops for the students they serve. This would be more difficult, because it would possibly have to be done on a district by district, or even school by school basis.


'' Contrary to conventional wisdom, the widespread adoption of information and communications technology was not the most important cause of the acceleration in productivity after 1995. Our... case studies clearly show that the relationship between IT and labor productivity is extremely variable... In rare cases, IT can deliver truly extraordinary productivity improvements, expanding labor capacity by an order of magnitude... &#91;but&#93; the bulk of the acceleration in productivity after 1995 can be traced to managerial and technological innovations that improved the basic operations of companies. These innovations were structural... ''


== [[Teaching, Institutional and Professional Barriers]] ==
</blockquote>


Long section moved to its own page.
In other words, you have to ''re-engineer'' the institution to exploit technology - the latter is ''not'' a "magic bullet."


==[[Evaluating Laptop Programs]]==
The OLPC team <b>does</b> include people who see it as a platform for a greatly improved methods of learning. However effective their methods may be, it seems to me they are utopian university types who have had limited actual ''influence'' on the educational bureaucracies of their ''native'' land. e.g. Did they have much influence on what
[http://www.papert.org/articles/laptops/laptops_master.html Maine ''teachers actually did'' with their laptop-equipped students? (I am open to persuasion)] But they are not alone! (Find links to reports on the Maine experiment at page bottom.)


Long section moved to its own page.
I think the harsh reality of most K-12 education in the world is that it is tradition-bound, and that the economic fact for most teachers is that they had better "toe the line" and not "rock the boat" if they want to stay employed. "After all, don't ''all'' children deserve the ''best'' education (as if we knew what that was and will be!) - who would be so callous as to do experiments on a ''child!''" Can we hope that when such teachers rise in the educational bureaucracy they change long-held habits and become reformers and revolutionaries? Not likely.


== Critical remarks and essays ==
Consider the lecture. Originally a means for students to make their own hand-written copies of textbooks before movable type made mass production of books cheap, the lecture has hung on as a venerable institution a half-millenium after it became largely obsolete. No wonder thinkers like Alvin Toffler have called schools medieval.
Herein find the views of those opposed to the project for various reasons, and those who, while they may agree with the project goals, disagree with the means the project proposes to achieve those goals.


* [http://www.olpcnews.com/ <i>One Laptop Per Child News</i>]
Stipulating such a culture, one wonders who the <b>agents of change</b> will be when the OLPC gear enters the picture. It would be a terrible shame if this vital part of the equation did not get enough attention and the OLPC program "failed" - a tragedy all the worse because of the opprobium with which it would smear digital technology if an attempt to try something similar was made later.
"Your independent source for news, information, commentary, and discussion of One Laptop Per Child's computer, the OLPC Children's Machine XO, developed by MIT Media Lab co-founder Nicholas Negroponte... <i>OLPC News</i> is published by... Wayan Vota ([http://www.geekcorps.org/people/ Director of Geekcorps]) who... celebrates the ability of One Laptop Per Child to bring technology to the forefront of economic development, and can't wait to have a OLPC XO himself, but [who] fears the lack of a defined implementation strategy and realistic cost estimates will create great waste and disillusionment with technology."


* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Laptop_per_Child#Criticism Criticism as summarized by the <i>Wikipedia</i> article on OLPC]
I live in the United States and have seen what happens when a hopeful but clueless political leader raises the money for a large federal-state-wide rollout of high tech without any idea how the various independent school districts will work to exploit same.
(This example involved a satellite dish at every school.) The result? Equipment rusting for want of use, whose potential was ''never'' realized, even for a short while. Don't think that national political leaders of developing nations are incapable of similar folly.


* [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1698603,curpg-1.cms Critical views of OLPC by a Human Resources Development minister in India]
While re-engineering may be vital, experience also teaches that technology may not integrate with existing institutions in the way which technologists hope.


* Alternative educational (and even <i>non-educational</i>) uses for money spent for the OLPC project are examined in a primer on [[Comparative_education]].
Mass-production and large-lot-selling will make the OLPC gear cheap. And a bundled default GUI and app suite can enable a large user community to share the experience of using it, to discover its strengths and weaknesses. But what if teachers do not embrace the model of the default system - perhaps because doing so incurs no benefit to them if successful and grave risks if not? And what if the nation in which this sad result transpires is unwilling or unable to adapt the default software to make it commpatible with actual clinical practice? If you think this is not a possible scenario, you have never lived within a system where fear and conformity reign, being the only way to stay out of trouble.


== Alternative systems ==
A recent ''The New York Times''
Some concerns and criticisms are raised by the developers of alternative tools for similar targets -- laptops for children, or tools for education, or infrastructure for reducing poverty.
[http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/30/business/worldbusiness/30college.html article] on non-elite colleges in India paints a bleak picture, writing in part:


* Intel's ''[http://www.intel.com/intel/worldahead/classmatepc/ Classmate PC]'' is sometimes held out as an alternative to the OLPC system. Articles mentioning the Classmate PC include the following:
<blockquote>
*: [http://news.com.com/2102-1005_3-6084250.html?tag=st.util.print ''CNet'' 2006 July 15]
'' &#91;Students&#93; said their courses offered few chances to work in groups or hold discussions... A deeper problem, specialists say, is a classroom environment that treats students like children even if they are in their mid-20’s. Teaching emphasizes silent note-taking and discipline at the expense of analysis and debate... Rote memorization is rife at Indian colleges because students continue to be judged almost solely by exam results. There is scant incentive to widen their horizons — to read books, found clubs or stage plays. ''
*: [http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2006/10/30/8391805/index.htm ''Fortune'' 2006 October 24] (This article says in part: ''Any project this grand is sure to have its detractors. The most vociferous is Intel...'')
</blockquote>
*: [http://www.iht.com/bin/print.php?id=3792629 ''IHT''(AP) 2006 December 5] (Note on the issue of shipping costs raised in this article: Annenberg Media's 2002 Workshop number 8 for US grade 7-12 geography teachers, described [http://www.learner.org/resources/series161.html here,] includes a video which makes the following claim: ''In just the last 15 years, the cost of shipping a VCR across the Pacific was reduced 95% from $30 to about $1.50.'')


Q. Why would Intel's Classmate PC be an [[#Opposing Views|opposing view]]? Lots of ink/bits could be wasted arguing about it, but as [[Nicholas Negroponte]] said: ''"It's an education project, not a laptop project."'' So if it gets the job done reasonably well (all OLPC, Intel, governments, schools and kids are going to have to make concessions), I would support it just the same. My 'fears' about Intel's project are relative to its committement level and that competition could turn into attrition... Currently, I like OLPC's spirit much better... ;) --[[User:Xavi|Xavi]] 07:50, 13 December 2006 (EST)
A [http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/articleshow/msid-1698603,curpg-1.cms federal agency] in India (cf. [[OLPC_India]]) has argued against participating in OLPC. But if the text above describes how college students there are treated, how much more rigid and traditional the education of children must be! Would schools there embrace the modes of exploration and collaboration the OLPC anticipates?
:A. The hopelessly naive Minister of Education says the following to the Intel marketing representative:<br>
::<i>We don't have enough money to buy into both the OLPC project and another project which uses Intel's Classmate PC reference design. How should we use our money?</i><br>
:What do you think the Minister is told? Intel could conceivably offer the continuing OLPC project a suitable microprocessor or other ICs in the future; but for now they are offering an entirely different system for school use. - [[User:Docdtv|Docdtv]] 04:50, 14 December 2006 (EST)


The lion now lies down with the lamb:
I don't especially want to beat up on India. Here in the United States, it is rather appalling how ineffective ordinary K-12 teachers are proving in leveraging all the wonderful technology which has been poured into the schools (admittedly - at far below a rate of one laptop per child, with rare exceptions). Just four years ago a Pew Internet & American Life Report was titled:
[http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/6897950.stm Intel has just joined the OLPC Board]!
[http://www.pewinternet.org/reports/toc.asp?Report=67 The widening gap between Internet-savvy students and their schools] which wrote in part:
- [[User:Docdtv|Docdtv]] 17:56, 13 July 2007 (EDT)


And then [[Intel]] quit again. 2008-1-4
<blockquote>
'' Internet-savvy students are far ahead of their teachers and principals in taking advantage of online educational resources... ''
</blockquote>


== Naysayers ==
My personal unscientifically sampled observations seem to support such a view of the world. Many teachers are ''still'' remarkably intimidated, if not ignorant, about computer and communication technology. The kids take to it like fish to water, but tend to squander time playing exciting massive multiplayer online games
which do not much expand either their knowledge or reasoning power.


===Competitors===
I hope the OLPC people will never forget they come from a peer group with an average 140+ IQ and that the vast majority of human beings have an IQ between 85 and 115, and some lower yet, too. They might be surprised at how the ''smallest'' "gotcha" leads teachers and others to ''give up'' trying if anything goes wrong.


It is no surprise when competitors diss a product.
Some people have tried to insult the OLPC machine by calling it a "gadget". But there are worse things than being a fixed-function appliance that works reliably - like being an infinitely malleable playpen for hackers if attached to a global network. The Redmond people weren't smart enough to avoid this horror show - will the OLPC folks be?


* Microsoft Chairman [[Bill Gates]], who is now having Microsoft put [[Windows XP on the XO]].
Reasons like those above are why I would like the overall OLPC effort to concentrate on developing quality e-books for the kids. Once you have paid for the e-book reader, it's lots cheaper to fabricate book copies via digital technology than by printing on paper (about US$2 per paperback). How wonderful it would be to give each child a whole library, rather than just a few books a year!
* Intel Chairman [[Craig Barrett]] (and a few other Intel representatives), whose Classmate PC competes with the OLPC XO.


* Competing computer designer [http://www.fonly.typepad.com/fonlyblog/2005/11/problems_with_t.html Lee Felsenstein]; [http://fonly.typepad.com/fonlyblog/2006/12/the_bad_news.html And Now the Bad News]
Books are something even the biggest lunkhead teacher and ed bureaucrat understand - they are not seen as distractions requiring enormous amounts of teacher training and pedagogical reform. They are even the Trojan horse which can put the laptops into the hands of the kids, some of whom will hopefully find some inspiring and mind-expanding interactive things to do with them, too.


* [http://news.zdnet.co.uk/hardware/0,1000000091,39288450,00.htm Stephen Dukker], CEO of NComputing, formerly CEO of eMachines.
I hope readers will not feel I am trying to crush the hopes of the people who have great dreams for OLPC. It's just that the real world may be a lot more ugly than many imagine. The various "localization" efforts (cf. [[Countries]]) have much more to do than just translate to the local language - they have to transpose ideas to the local educational culture and maybe even ''fight'' to reform the latter if possible. Ideas for promoting effective OLPC project application are discussed in [[Rollout_and_community_building_ideas]].


===Others===
[[User:Docdtv|Docdtv]] 05:50, 4 December 2006 (EST)


Some of the active critics (some constructive) or opponents of the project:
----


* Computer Columnist [[John Dvorak]]
If you listen to the [http://www.techreview.com/video/ November 2006 OLPC video], at ''Technology Review'' you learn that many students in the developing world might only attend school two or three hours daily. The hope is expressed that something like the OLPC machine could help children learn during the hours they are not in school. What I find questionable about this is the following: These kids will not otherwise be playing basketball, watching TV or spending time in a tanning salon. Most likely, they will be doing some of the hard chores done in poor countries to keep body and soul together. How much leisure time do all but the tiniest kids in the target countries enjoy? I don't know - but it can't be much.


* Wall Street Journal [http://online.wsj.com/article/SB119586754115002717.html?mod=googlenews_wsj A Little Laptop With Big Ambitions]: How a Computer for the Poor Got Stomped by Tech Giants, By STEVE STECKLOW and JAMES BANDLER. November 24, 2007
I have argued
[http://hchistory.com/BHPL/FOTL/DigTech/Chapter7/index.htm#3 elsewhere] that people whose ''hands'' and ''eyes'' are preoccupied with First-World "blue-collar" chores like baby-diapering, truck-driving and dish-washing might benefit from the advent of the digital audio player, which could just as easily deliver educational prose as music. (Its highly compact, physically robust nature and day-long playing ability do not interfere even with fairly vigorous, uninterrupted activity.) It could be that audio e-books and "MP3" players might help chore-bound kids in poor countries more than the world's best notebook PC they never have time to use. Maybe the ''magic'' is in flash memory, rather than processors or displays.


* Marthe (sorry, I didn't mean to erase this) and Mohammed Diop of Mali: [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Laptop_per_Child#Effective_use_of_money suspicion of project motives]
It is hardly the case that I see no benefit - sometimes overwhelming - for visual illustrations. Goguen's [[http://www-cse.ucsd.edu/users/goguen/ps/notn.pdf ''On Notation'']] persuasively argues for the advantages of graphical representations over linear prose for many important types of explanations. But simple words are good enough for other things and might be reserved for off-campus audio player use. If you can make a whole laptop computer stuffed with goodies for $150, how cheap then might you make a digital audio player?


* John Wood, founder of Room to Read, claims that his project [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Laptop_per_Child#Effective_use_of_money costs less and delivers more]. The claim is that for $4 per child, schools get some number of printed books. This contrasts with $189 per child for XOs (less than the cost of printed textbooks that Room to Read will not supply) and all the riches of the Internet in addition to software for collaborative discovery.
Chris Whittle, the founder and CEO of the Edison Schools company, recently published a book titled ''Crash Course...'' (ISBN 1594489025). Among other things, he puts forth the idea that USA schools greatly expand students’ independent learning: At the elementary level pupils spend an hour or two outside class, perhaps watched over only by an older peer. This steps up with grade level, so that by high school students spend only one-third of their time in traditional classrooms. (His primary, but not sole, motivation is the reduction of teacher staffing so that salaries can be doubled or more at constant cost, attracting a better class of teachers.) Someone like Whittle thinks greatly expanded self-learning is plausible for K-12 on a society-wide scale. But his proposal is just that - it's not being done in the United States today. Whittle would of course applaud things like the OLPC project, because another thing he bemoans is what he says is the dearth of real basic research into education.


* Wayan Vota, founder of [http://www.olpcnews.com/ OLPC News] Not affiliated with OLPC. Wayan Vota is a supporter of the laptop concept and a severe critic of the program's implementation and of Nicholas Negroponte in particular.
I think it would be ''wonderful'' to get kids with time on their hands to embrace learning on their own - and become good at it, too. As the ambitious son of immigrants to the United States, I was an avid auto-didact, even in the era when little more than a neighborhood public library served as my source of information. But I found I was unusual among my peers!


* Theo de Raadt, OpenBSD. [http://marc.info/?l=openbsd-misc&m=116007094304009&w=2 Letter to OLPC] complaining about the [[Marvell microkernel]] (supplied to OLPC through Marvell, but not owned by them, so they can't relicense it). "I am extremely dissapointed (sic) you have chosen to work against the very obvious goals of "open", and I hope that in time you are made to feel ashamed of the choice you have made." In fact, replacement of this microkernel with Free Software has [http://dev.laptop.org/ticket/46 long been planned], and some people are working on it.
- [[User:Docdtv|Docdtv]] 05:05, 7 December 2006 (EST)


* Richard M. Stallman initially said that he wouldn't support the XO publicly until we got that pesky [[Marvell microkernel]] replaced, but is quite [http://www.thejemreport.com/mambo/content/view/286/ mild and temperate on the issue] compared with TdR. Since then, Stallman has [http://www.fsf.org/blogs/rms/can-we-rescue-olpc-from-windows switched to an XO] as his principal work computer, because it is far more Free than the alternatives.
----
<center>
=== <b>APPENDIX: Evaluating the Maine laptop experiment and others in the United States</b> ===
</center>


* Bruce Perens, the original author of the Open Source definition used by Debian and tireless activist for Linux, has a [http://technocrat.net/d/2008/1/10/33518 conspiracy theory] about Microsoft and OLPC. Ivan Krstić has written a [http://radian.org/notebook/paradox-of-choice refutation]. Perens agrees that he was wrong. (Personal communication to [[User:Mokurai|Mokurai]])
==== Schools (worldwide) with "one laptop per student" programs ====


* Dr. Steve Eskow, who works with NGOs in Ghana, has concluded that OLPC is "snake oil", and has been saying so at length on the BytesForAll mailing list, ignoring all corrections to his misstatements of fact, and denouncing Edward [[User:Mokurai|Mokurai]] Cherlin, his opponent in [http://tech.groups.yahoo.com/group/bytesforall_readers/message/12149 these exchanges], as a religious zealot who ignores all evidence.
The following list is the work of a [http://learningwithlaptops.org/about_us.htm small business] in the USA:<br>[http://learningwithlaptops.org/Subject_Reports/SLPs_by_state.htm Independent School Student Laptop Programs]


==== Maine ====
== Potential problems ==
* laptop cost and other costs
* Teacher training and self-guided learning
* [[Internet]] connections
* [[Recycling]]
* [[Theft]] and [[gray market]]
* [[Corruption|Government corruption]] and [[security]]


In 2000, the governor got laptops for seventh graders despite that four out of five teachers were opposed. Later five of five approved. And truancy went to zero. What can we learn from this experiment in an environment we can presumably understand more easily? [[User:Nitpicker|Nitpicker]] 07:52, 10 December 2006 (EST)

Ex-governor King of Maine, who established that state's laptop computer program, offered his evaluation of it in an AALF keynote address. A synopis by another party is found [http://www.andycarvin.com/archives/2006/06/angus_king_a_brief_h.html here].
It is interesting to note these remarks:
<blockquote>
''If something doesn't work more than once or twice, the teachers will fold up the laptops and go back to the book... you can't spend too much time or money on professional development... This is not a hardware project. It's an educational project. This device is something that assists teachers, not replace[s] them. So you need to help teachers integrate it into the curriculum...
</blockquote>

Current Maine Governor Baldacci, highlighted the laptop effort in his 2003 inaugural address [http://www.state.me.us/governor/baldacci/news/speeches/inauguraladdress.html here], saying:
<blockquote>
''And today, we have laptop computers in Maine classrooms, unlocking the imaginations of thousands of school children and earning Maine prominence and prestige around the world.''
</blockquote>

A scholarly evaluation of the program made in 2004 can be found [http://mainegov-images.informe.org/mlte/articles/research/MLTIPhaseOneEvaluationReport2004.pdf here].

Apple, the original contractor for the Maine laptop program, offers its spin
[http://www.apple.com/education/profiles/maine2006/ here].

==== Alexandria, Virgina ====

Looking beyond Maine, the Washington Post now offers a story on school laptop computers in Alexandria, Virginia [http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/08/AR2006120801826_pf.html here].

- [[User:Docdtv|Docdtv]] 01:55, 13 December 2006 (EST)

----


[[Category:Pedagogical ideas]]
[[Category:Pedagogical ideas]]
[[Category:Opposing_Views]]
[[Category:Opposing views]]
[[Category:Feedback]]
[[Category:Feedback]]
[[Category:General Public]]
[[Category:Corruption]]
[[Category:Hypothesis]]

Latest revision as of 12:27, 2 January 2014

Some sections were removed from the Educational ideas page because they didn't fit the flow.
for more analysis and feedback, see Category:Feedback and Category:Opposing views

Some people object to the OLPC plan, giving a wide variety of reasons. This page lists the most articulate objections, and various background and answers. Some of this information is also gathered on Wikipedia.

We have to be able to solve any real problems and answer any real objections, but a lot of the objections come out of ignorance, and a lot more seem to come from people who want the idea to fail. I don't understand that. --Mokurai 00:47, 11 January 2007 (EST)

Teaching, Social, and Religious Barriers

Teaching Barriers

Moved to separate page.

Social and Religious Barriers

One social barrier might be that governments would only make such laptops available to public school students and not those students that attend school which are religious. It might be wise to allow alternative means for religious schools to be able to provide laptops for the students they serve. This would be more difficult, because it would possibly have to be done on a district by district, or even school by school basis.


Teaching, Institutional and Professional Barriers

Long section moved to its own page.

Evaluating Laptop Programs

Long section moved to its own page.

Critical remarks and essays

Herein find the views of those opposed to the project for various reasons, and those who, while they may agree with the project goals, disagree with the means the project proposes to achieve those goals.

"Your independent source for news, information, commentary, and discussion of One Laptop Per Child's computer, the OLPC Children's Machine XO, developed by MIT Media Lab co-founder Nicholas Negroponte... OLPC News is published by... Wayan Vota (Director of Geekcorps) who... celebrates the ability of One Laptop Per Child to bring technology to the forefront of economic development, and can't wait to have a OLPC XO himself, but [who] fears the lack of a defined implementation strategy and realistic cost estimates will create great waste and disillusionment with technology."

  • Alternative educational (and even non-educational) uses for money spent for the OLPC project are examined in a primer on Comparative_education.

Alternative systems

Some concerns and criticisms are raised by the developers of alternative tools for similar targets -- laptops for children, or tools for education, or infrastructure for reducing poverty.

  • Intel's Classmate PC is sometimes held out as an alternative to the OLPC system. Articles mentioning the Classmate PC include the following:
    CNet 2006 July 15
    Fortune 2006 October 24 (This article says in part: Any project this grand is sure to have its detractors. The most vociferous is Intel...)
    IHT(AP) 2006 December 5 (Note on the issue of shipping costs raised in this article: Annenberg Media's 2002 Workshop number 8 for US grade 7-12 geography teachers, described here, includes a video which makes the following claim: In just the last 15 years, the cost of shipping a VCR across the Pacific was reduced 95% from $30 to about $1.50.)

Q. Why would Intel's Classmate PC be an opposing view? Lots of ink/bits could be wasted arguing about it, but as Nicholas Negroponte said: "It's an education project, not a laptop project." So if it gets the job done reasonably well (all OLPC, Intel, governments, schools and kids are going to have to make concessions), I would support it just the same. My 'fears' about Intel's project are relative to its committement level and that competition could turn into attrition... Currently, I like OLPC's spirit much better... ;) --Xavi 07:50, 13 December 2006 (EST)

A. The hopelessly naive Minister of Education says the following to the Intel marketing representative:
We don't have enough money to buy into both the OLPC project and another project which uses Intel's Classmate PC reference design. How should we use our money?
What do you think the Minister is told? Intel could conceivably offer the continuing OLPC project a suitable microprocessor or other ICs in the future; but for now they are offering an entirely different system for school use. - Docdtv 04:50, 14 December 2006 (EST)

The lion now lies down with the lamb: Intel has just joined the OLPC Board! - Docdtv 17:56, 13 July 2007 (EDT)

And then Intel quit again. 2008-1-4

Naysayers

Competitors

It is no surprise when competitors diss a product.

Others

Some of the active critics (some constructive) or opponents of the project:

  • John Wood, founder of Room to Read, claims that his project costs less and delivers more. The claim is that for $4 per child, schools get some number of printed books. This contrasts with $189 per child for XOs (less than the cost of printed textbooks that Room to Read will not supply) and all the riches of the Internet in addition to software for collaborative discovery.
  • Wayan Vota, founder of OLPC News Not affiliated with OLPC. Wayan Vota is a supporter of the laptop concept and a severe critic of the program's implementation and of Nicholas Negroponte in particular.
  • Theo de Raadt, OpenBSD. Letter to OLPC complaining about the Marvell microkernel (supplied to OLPC through Marvell, but not owned by them, so they can't relicense it). "I am extremely dissapointed (sic) you have chosen to work against the very obvious goals of "open", and I hope that in time you are made to feel ashamed of the choice you have made." In fact, replacement of this microkernel with Free Software has long been planned, and some people are working on it.
  • Bruce Perens, the original author of the Open Source definition used by Debian and tireless activist for Linux, has a conspiracy theory about Microsoft and OLPC. Ivan Krstić has written a refutation. Perens agrees that he was wrong. (Personal communication to Mokurai)
  • Dr. Steve Eskow, who works with NGOs in Ghana, has concluded that OLPC is "snake oil", and has been saying so at length on the BytesForAll mailing list, ignoring all corrections to his misstatements of fact, and denouncing Edward Mokurai Cherlin, his opponent in these exchanges, as a religious zealot who ignores all evidence.

Potential problems

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