OLPC Korea is developing ONLY a game: XO City, & NO relation with the OLPC Foundation.

Contents

Table of Contents

[[XO Korea/Notification|Notification]]

[[XO Korea/Introduction|Introduction]]

[[XO Korea/Introduction/Core Ideas|Core Ideas]]

[[XO Korea/Introduction/Members|Members]]

[[XO Korea/Introduction/XO Service|XO Service]]

[[XO Korea/Introduction/Plan|Plan]]

[[XO Korea/Core Ideas|Core Ideas]]

[[XO Korea/Core Ideas/Economics|Economics]]

[[XO Korea/Core Ideas/Politics|Politics]]

[[XO Korea/Core Ideas/Culture|

OLPC is not just an educational project, but a collaborative one: even that on open source. So, OLPC is, at its core, a cultural movement; helping each other rather than stand-alone personal achievement, open rather than closed, and creativity rather than training. If OLPC surely is a cultural project, XO Korea is localizing it and establishing an OLPC-like culture; thin, small, and fast.

From educational aspects: learn learning, not training

Current educational systems in Korea is to train children for future labor forces of which role was set about 250 years ago when the Industrialization Age began in England. As discussed in detail at XO Korea/core ideas/economics, the role is no more valid. As excavators have displaced enormous shovel based labors, uniform labors for mass production and for standardized managements also are being displaced by various IT-driven technologies. In Korea, the educational model of memorizing as much as possible, and of being trained to follow orders has been very effective to production systems depending on simple and intensive labor forces for last 30~50 years. But, it isn't anymore.

XO Korea will present children with all details about the changes in labor and economic environments of Korea, and with what Korea is pursuing.

All details about changing the role of schools in Korea will be described here.

From political aspects: direct democracy, not indirect one

Because there can't be direct democracy or decision-making system available until now, the indirect democracy based on parliaments, administration, and justice system have been used as an alternate one.

Now, with OLPC, XO Korea hopes to establish direct democracy system, every citizen participating in every social decision via XO and Korean Mesh Network.

All details about creating a direct democracy system in Korea will be described here.

From economic aspects: sustainable welfare, not growth-oriented

It's clear that the USA can't be a TO BE model of currently developing nations. If some (even not all) of those developing nations become to enjoy USA-like production and consumption lives, the earth will be totally destroyed. We should dig the earth to the core to obtain raw materials to produce 1.5 billion automobiles for Chinese only.

Therefore, it's clear. Current developing nations Can Not and Should Not be developed. What an irony it is!!

We need some new development model, and have fortunately found it; OLPC. XO and Sugar can be utilized by all people on the earth without destroying the earth. We need OLPC-like business entities, governmental organizations, and cultures.

All details about creating a sustainable developing model in Korea will be described here.

Government: small on the web, not large in buildings

Like computing business, the government of Korea also is expanding day to day, with currently 1 million employees and about USD 2,380 billions' budget in 2007'. We think only a third of it is really necessary, and may two third are expenses just to manage the former 1/3.

Through OLPC-like reforming the Korean government, we hope to reduce the governmental budget to 1/3 of the current till year 2010. Open sourcing is the core of this reformation, and XO Korea will disclose all details of these reformation processes to provide learning materials to worldwide children and citizens and to attract their participation.

All details about establishing a web based government model in Korea will be described here.

Schools: for collaboration, not training

Schools are key of the current educational system all over the world; its birth, growth, and expansion having been with those of the Industrialization. Yes, schools are for industrialization; mass production and mass consumption.

However, the current mass production systems of the USA and Western nations are only possible under the condition of developing nations NOT having the same mass production system. If not, the entire resources in the earth will be eaten at one gulp; rather than in bite by bite of current developed nations. So, it's apparent that we need a new school system for children to learn both sustainable consumption and IT based content.

Ordinary children begin their educational tour at the age of 7, which is a heritage of the Industrialization Age. Is it still valid for Korean children who are much taller and brighter than 100 years ago? For our opinion, not at all.

XO Korea hopes that children start regular education at the age of 4 to 5.

Our current school system is based on school years - k12. However, every child has different interests and intellectual capabilities. Is it valid to keep fixed stone-like school years? For our opinion, not at all.

XO Korea pursues a school system without school years - k0.

Isn't it desirable for children to select their own interests rather than to be given by the school administration? If desirable, why not attempt it? Because there is no reason not to do so;

XO Korea will provide children an Open Curricula, where anyone can compose his/her own learning subjects.

If education is to produce future labor forces, to stimulate creativities, and to nurture lives of people, then why not integrate school system, industry, and research system all in one? We know those separate systems are resulted from the social divisions of labor, stimulated by the birth of machine-based production system about 250 years ago. But, now, we are living in the totally new age, linked and collaborate each other via Global Mesh Network XO Korea is now prototyping a 3-to-1 integrated model; School, Industry, and Research, or even 4-to-1 including Home.

Division of Labor: prosumers who both produce and consume things.

A new residential culture: OLPC-like city model

=== A new business communities: Open Enterprise ===]]

[[XO Korea/Core Ideas/Education|Education]]

[[XO Korea/Core Ideas/Welfare|Welfare]]

[[XO Korea/Core Ideas/Social Infra|Social Infra]]

[[XO Korea/Core Ideas/Government|Government]]

[[XO Korea/Education|Education]]

[[XO Korea/Deployment/Education/Pre-primary School|Pre-primary School]]

[[XO Korea/Education/Elementary School|Elementary School]]

[[XO Korea/Education/Secondary School|XO Korea/Education/Middle School/title]]

[[XO Korea/Education/College|College]]

[[XO Korea/Education/Special|Special Education]]

[[XO Korea/Government|Government]]

[[XO Korea/Government/Central|XO Korea/Government/Central/title]]

[[XO Korea/Government/Local|XO Korea/Government/Local/title]]

[[XO Korea/Government/Public Corp.|XO Korea/Government/Public Corp./title]]

[[XO Korea/Legislation|Legislation]]

[[XO Korea/Legislation/Central Government|XO Korea/Legislation/Central Government/title]]

[[XO Korea/Legislation/Local Government|XO Korea/Legislation/Local Government/title]]

[[XO Korea/Justice|Justice]]

[[XO Korea/Justice/Constitutional Court|Constitutional Court]]

[[XO Korea/Justice/Supreme Court|Supreme Court]]

[[XO Korea/Justice/Secondary Court|Secondary Court]]

[[XO Korea/Justice/First Court|First Court]]

[[XO Korea/Business|XO Korea/Business/title]]

Introduction

XO Korea is a small civil community intended to integrate Vision 2030 Plan of the Korean government, OLPC: One Laptop Per Child, FEA: Federal Enterprise Architecture of the US government, and open source communities such as Mozilla. XO Korea was started by a few Korean citizens, most of them residing in the Jejudo island of Korea.

We are just a few citizens. And, who we are is quite simple, mostly farmers and fishers. But, what we are doing is not so simple.

Most of our projects are based on OLPC and its variations; XO Korea/Korea 2030 Plan, XO Korea/XO Variations, XO Korea/Open Enterprise Architecture and XO Korea/Local Communities etc.

Via OLPC and its variations, we pursue a kind of World Automation based on Open Knowledge Communites. So, it's quite clear that we are pursuing Worldwide Knowledge Base on OLPC;more organized than wikipedia, but quite less structured than current school-driven educational systems.

We are, just conceptually, disassembling every nation into more than 300,000 social sections (a social unit producing values); then, we

write XO Korea/Learning Outcomes for every social section,
write the work-flow of each social section,
establish relationships among those social sections worldwide, and
applying our OEA after extending FEA: Federal Enterprise Architecture into Open Enterprise Architecture; Open, Global and both public and private(market) Areas.

As an example for our approaches to private sectors, we are now analyzing the work flow of a governmental banking system of Korea (Korea Industrial Bank) to make knowledge base, to draw workflows, and to automate each division and each desk of the bank. After analyzing and programming those work flows, we expect only one-tenth (1/10) of the current human resources be enough to run the entire bank, resulting much better financial achievements, not to mention of every child of the world learning every detail of how a bank operates.

Also, we are to simulate all divisions of the Korean governments, based on FEA: Federal Enterprise Architecture. For example, we are analyzing the work flow of XO Korea/Cenral Government/the Ministry of Construction & Transportation to test the possibility of running the organization with only one-tenth (1/10) of the current human resources as is the case of the bank above.

For this purpose, we are;

analyzing the entire social sections of a nation (for example, we classified the Korean government into more than 150,000 seperate sections and extracted more than 80,000 functions from those 150,000+ sections. Each section performs some of the 80,000+ functions and each function is shared by more than 1 section(s))
writing the knowledge base and the work flows of each section using workflow languages such as XO Korea/YAWL
programming the work flow using various toolkits (especially Python-related ones)

But, our programming activities for those workflows itself is now enough to automate social entities such as governments (those entities depending on repetitive and spriritual labors).

We need two more conditions;

the 1/10 human labors should be highly educated with Information Technologies and each be collaborate with other globally, that's exactly what OLPC pursues, as long as our understanding.
not only governments or business entities, but customers' activities also should be automated. That is, all citizens should be equipped with some state-of-art hardwares and softwares. We think XO (and its variations) is exactly that kind of machine.

It's like client/server architecture. Our government modules may be regarded as server modules and those hardwares and softwares of customers as client modules. Of course, it's not a perfect explanation. Because, in our system architecture, every server is a client to other servers and every client is a server to other clients.

For every citizen of the world, XO Korea plans to provide some XO-based hardwares, softwares and server related modules. Some of them are;

Hardwares
- XO Smartphone on linux and other open-source softwares. We call it XO Korea/XO Phone.
- XO Korea/Global Mesh Network: linking everyone to everyone in the world
- Input & Output Book: notebook (or laptop) type display and keyboard units. We call it XO Korea/IO Book.
Softwares
- XO Korea/OpenOffice: MS Office compatible on open source architecture
- XO Korea/Toolkits: programming tools.
independent web servers with the features of;
- XO Korea/Wiki
- XO Korea/Moodle
- a few XO Korea/Semantic Web based programs

In a near future, every division of the Korean government will be closely collaborating with other domestic and foreign governmental divisions (or organizations and personnels). Via RSS, RDF, ATOM and other technologies, a change in a division of the Korean government will be notified by other divisions of domestic and foreign nations in real time.

In summary, XO Korea is establishing;

XO Korea/XO Phone: much smaller OLPC.
XO Korea/Open Enterprise Architecture: the relationship between OEA and FEA is like that between Unix and Linux. OEA is an open (rather than closed), global (rather than a national wide) and total (rather than public only) Enterprise Architecture.

Distributing XOs

Fortunately for Korean people, Shanghai China is very near to the Korean peninsula, only about 500 km on the sea. Therefore, the XO logistic cost of Korea will be the lowest among all over the world except China itself, which will not deploy XO.

Among 50,000,000 units of XO and its variations, we estimate about 7,000,000 XOs and about 23,000,000 Larger XOwill be exported from China, and the other about 13,000,000 XO Smartphone will be produced in Korea. As each XO and its peripherals will weigh about 1.5 kg, the shipping cost for the total weight of 15,000,000 kg (15,000 tons) will be added to the price of each XO unit. Maritime transportations between Shanghai, China and major ports in Korea are;

Shanghai <-> Incheon
Shanghai <-> Mokpo
Shanghai <-> Busan

Replacing damaged XOs

XO Service will collect damaged XOs on a regular basis such as biweekly or monthly, and send them to Quanta for reassembly. Because Korea has well established logistic systems, it is not necessary to establish another logistic system for XO only. At present, it is difficult to estimate how many XOs will be damages among 100 or 1,000 units. We are now contacting a few logistic companies to get lowest but stable transportation services, and expect the very company distributing XOs will take in charge of collecting them also.

Developing Activities (Applications)

XO Korea will just support and participate in Activity Developers' Communities.

Establishing frameworks and architectures: OEA - Open Enterprise Architecture

Maybe, these are the peculiar tasks of XO Korea, establishing OEA. Briefly speaking, OEA is open source FEA, enterprise architecture not just for the USA, but for all nations worldwide. The purpose of OEA is;

to establish common framework for developing applications,
to automate repetitive office works,
for citizens to participate in software engineering, programming, and debugging activities,
for developers to share codes, DB, and systems etc, and;
for citizens to monitor the workflow of each division/function via the web in real time.

Ultimately, our OEA is expected to increase the labor productivity of Korea more than twice the present.

Governmental Architecture

There are about 1,000,000 governmental employees in Korea, and XO Korea will provide about 1,000,000 Larger XOs and about 10,000 Governmental Servers for governmental organizations. Those Governmental Servers will host some OEA applications for governmental services.

For this purpose, we have classified all governmental services into more than 80,000 functions provided by 150,000+ hierarchical sections. We hope to establish a Complete Virtual Government which supplements (rather than substitute) the real Korean government. Anyone will be able to monitor, to participate in, and to debug all governmental activities in real time.

See XO_Korea/Central_Government/Introduction for details.

Business Architecture

There are about 23,000,000 private employees in Korea, and, approximately, XO Korea will provide 13,000,000 Larger XOs, 10,000,000 XO Smartphones, and about 130,000 XO Korea/Business Servers for private entities. Those Business Servers will host some OEA applications for business services. See labors for details.

For this purpose, we have classified all business services into more than 150,000 functions provided by 300,000+ hierarchical sections. We hope to establish a Complete Virtual Business Entities which supplements (rather than substitute) the real business entities. Anyone will be able to monitor, to participate in, and to debug all business activities in real time. However, our approach to business sections is different from that to governmental sections. We are Really establishing about 300,000 business entities on the web (exactly specking, on Business Servers) to which everyone can participate in as CEO, CFO, officers, and floor workers etc. They will produce real products and services, sell them, and make profits. Even more, shares and debts issued by those entities are expected to be traded in XO Korea/Open Exchange.

See XO_Korea/Business/Introduction for details.

Educational Architecture

We completely agree to the constructionists' ideas. All we should do is just to establish an environment for children to learn learning with minimum interference. The core of the environment is, we think, a library, not a normal one but quite a new one. The content below is about this new library system we are establishing. It's Moodle. Currently there are about 30,000 large or small schools and colleges in Korea for about 17,000,000 students. As we estimate One XO Korea/School Servers for One Hundred Students, we needs about 170,000 XO Korea/School Servers.

For the deployment plan in detail, see XO_Korea/Education/Introduction.

Research Architecture

We have classified all research fields in Korea into about 150,000 categories, and allocate One Moodle Server for each field. So, there will be about 150,000 virtual or real servers for R&D activities in Korea.

The Research Division of XO Service is in charge of managing those about 150,000 categories.

For the deployment plan in detail, see XO_Korea/Research/Introduction.

Public Architecture

This architecture is for both non-governmental and non-business activities and organizations in Korea, such as associations, governmental corporations, and foundations etc. At the date of April 30, 2007, there are about 50,000~70,000 such organizations, and, in principle, we will allocate One server for each of them.

The Public Division of XO Service will take in charge of the maintenance of those servers, providing required applications.

For the deployment plan in detail, see XO_Korea/Public/Introduction.

Maintaining national mesh network

As we plan to distribute more than 40,000,000 XO and its variations in Korea, they will automatically compose a wireless mesh network covering the entire nation, Korea. We hope this network will be used for data, voice, and video communications for Korea as well as the globe.

The Mesh Network Division of XO Service will take in charge of the maintenance of those servers, providing required applications.

For the deployment plan in detail, see Korean Mesh Network.

The plan of XO Korea is quite simple; following the OLPC Foundation, but a few steps ahead. Is it curious or nonsense? Yes, it's curious and nonsense. Though following the core ideas of the OLPC Foundation, we will steps ahead in deploying XO, testing next generations of XO, and its variations. Approximately, until 2010, we plan to provide about 10,000,000 XO original types, about 20,000,000 Larger XOs, and about 30,000,000 XO Smartphones for Koreans only. As System On Chip smartphone which has all features of XO needs a few years' R&D activities, we hope to deploy XO Korea/XO Phone instead of it for a while.

Hardware

We hope to distribute XO and its variations from early 2008', and to reach full distribution until the end of 2010'.

School XO Deployment

See XO Korea/Education/Pre-primary School for detailed information about deployment in pre-primary schools
See XO Korea/Education/Elementary School for detailed information about deployment in elementary schools
See XO Korea/Education/Secondary School for detailed information about deployment in secondary schools
See XO Korea/Education/Higher Education for detailed information about deployment in colleges and graduate schools
See XO Korea/Education/Special Education for detailed information about deployment in special purpose schools

Government XO Deployment

See XO Korea/Government/Central Government for detailed information about deployment
See XO Korea/Government/Local Governments for detailed information about deployment
See XO Korea/Government/Public Companies for detailed information about deployment

Business XO Deployment

See each business category in XO Korea/Table_of_Contents page for detailed information about deployment in business sectors

Public Deployment

See XO Korea/Public Sectors/Introduction for detailed information about deployment in public sectors (both non-governmental and non-private organizations)

Software (Activities) Development Plans

What kinds of software and Activities are necessary for schools, governments, business, and other organizations? When and how to distribute? Presumably, from this summer (2007')

Activities for School

Activities for Governments

Activities for Business

Activities for Public Organizations

Content Writing Plans

What kinds of content are necessary for schools, governments, business, and other organizations? When and how to distribute?

Content for School

Content for Governments

Content for Business

Content for Public Organizations

Open Enterprise Architecture

How and when to integrate software (Activities) and content of various organizations into Open Enterprise Architecture?

Core Ideas

The table below is for Korea to measure economic achievements after adopting OLPC and its variations by the entire nation, but will be somewhat different from ordinary tables to measure national competitiveness.

Our goal to economic progress via deploying OLPC is to achieve sustainable welfare rather than sustainable growth. The current consumption and welfare of the USA citizens is NOT sustainable welfare not to mention of sustainable growth. Why? Imagine what the world will be if Chinese also come to enjoy the same consumption level as the USA.

Imagine what the world will be if the entire citizens in developing nations also come to enjoy the same consumption level as the USA.

Is it a sustainable consumption? or should most citizens in developing nations remain at the current consumption levels and starvation?

Not only Linux and Windows source code, but our civilization itself are too fat, needing some diet. Our goal is clear; to reach sustainable consumption rather than that sustainable only on deprived opportunities of developing nations.

OLPC is our motto. Billions of XO can be consumed by the entire world without destroying the earth or depriving the opportunities of others.

We are now modifying some items in the National Competitiveness Table produced by World Bank to measure progresses in Sustainable Welfare; Welfare not standing on the deprived opportunities of other nations.

Economic Performance - Domestic Economy

(1 ~ 11) Size, (12 ~ 18) Growth, (19 ~ 24) Wealth, (25 ~ 28) Forecasts

Gross domestic product (GDP):: US$ billions

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

GDP (PPP) Estimates; US$ billions at purchasing power parity

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Private final consumption expenditure:: US$ billions

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Private final consumption expenditure:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
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Year 2010

Government final consumption expenditure:: US$ billions

Year 2006
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Year 2009
Year 2010

Government final consumption expenditure:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
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Gross domestic investment:: US$ billions

Year 2006
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Year 2010

Gross domestic investment:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
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Gross domestic savings:: US$ billions

Year 2006
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Gross domestic savings:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
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Economic sectors:: Breakdown as a percentage of GDP

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Year 2010

Real GDP Growth:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices

Year 2006
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Year 2010

Real GDP Growth per capita:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices

Year 2006
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Private final consumption expenditure - real growth:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices

Year 2006
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Year 2010

Government final consumption expenditure - real:: growth Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Gross domestic investment - real:: growth Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Gross domestic savings - real:: growth Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
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Year 2010

Resilience of the economy:: Resilience of the economy to economic cyclesis strong

Year 2006
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GDP per capita:: US$ per capita

Year 2006
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GDP (PPP) per capita:: Estimates; US$ per capita at purchasing power parity

Year 2006
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Private final consumption expenditure per capita:: US$ per capita

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Government final consumption expenditure per capita:: US$ per capita

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Gross domestic investment per capita:: US$ per capita

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Gross domestic savings per capita:: US$ per capita

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Year 2010

Forecast:: Real GDP Growth:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices

Year 2006
Year 2007
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Year 2010

Forecast:: Inflation:: Percentage change

Year 2006
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Year 2010

Forecast:: Unemployment:: Percentage of total labor force

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
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Year 2010

28 Forecast:: Current account balance:: Percentage of GDP/GNP

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
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Year 2010

International Trade

Current account balance:: US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)

Year 2006
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Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Current account balance:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
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Balance of trade:: US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)

Year 2006
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Balance of trade:: Percentage of GDP

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Balance of commercial services:: US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)

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Balance of commercial services:: Percentage of GDP

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Exports of goods:: US$ billions

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Exports of goods:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
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Exports of goods - real growth:: Percentage change based on US$ values

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Exports of commercial services:: US$ billions

Year 2006
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Exports of commercial services:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
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Exports of commercial services - real growth:: Percentage change based on US$ values

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Exports breakdown by economic sector:: Percentage of total exports

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Imports of goods & commercial services:: US$ billions

Year 2006
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Imports of goods & commercial services:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
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Imports of goods & commercial services - real growth:: Percentage change based on US$ values

Year 2006
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Imports breakdown by economic sector:: Percentage of total imports

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Year 2010

Trade to GDP ratio:: (Exports = Imports) / (2 x GDP)

Year 2006
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Year 2010

Terms of trade index:: Unit value of exports over unit value of imports (2000 = 100)

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Tourism receipts:: International tourism receipts as a percentage of GDP

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Year 2010

International Investment: (1 ~ 15) Investment, (16 ~ 17) Finance

Direct investment flows abroad:: US$ billions

Year 2006
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Direct investment flows abroad:: Percentage of GDP

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Direct investment stocks abroad:: US$ billions

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Direct investment stocks abroad - real growth:: Percentage change based on US$ values

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Direct investment flows inward:: US$ billions

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Direct investment flows inward:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
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Direct investment stocks inward:: US$ billions

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Direct investment stocks inward - real growth:: Percentage change based on US$ values

Year 2006
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Balance of direct investment flows:: US$ billions (flows abroad minus flows inward)

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Balance of direct investment flows:: Percentage of GDP (flows abroad minus flows inward)

Year 2006
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Net position in direct investment stocks:: US$ billions (stocks abroad minus stocks inward)

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Net position in direct investment stocks:: Percentage of GDP (stocks abroad minus stocks inward)

Year 2006
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Relocation threats of production:: Relocation of production is not a threat to the future of your economy

Year 2006
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Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Relocation threats of R&D facilities:: Relocation of R&D facilities is not a threat to the future of your economy

Year 2006
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Relocation threats of services:: Relocation of services is not a threat to the future of your economy

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Portfolio investment assets:: US$ billions

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Portfolio investment liabilities:: US$ billions

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Employment

Employment:: Total employment in millions

Year 2006
Year 2007
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Employment:: Percentage of population

Year 2006
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Employment - growth:: Estimates:: percentage change

Year 2006
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Employment by sector:: Percentage of total employment

Year 2006
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Employment in the public sector:: Percentage of total employment

Year 2006
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Unemployment rate:: Percentage of labor force

Year 2006
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Long-term unemployment:: Percentage of labor force

Year 2006
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Youth unemployment:: Percentage of labor force

Year 2006
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Prices

Consumer price inflation:: Average annual rate

Year 2006
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Cost-of-living index:: Index of basket of goods & services in major cities, excluding housing. New York City=100

Year 2006
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Apartment rent:: 3-room apartment monthly rent in major cities, US$

Year 2006
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Office rent:: Total occupation cost (US$/Sq.M per year)

Year 2006
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Government Efficiency

Public Finance

Government budget surplus/deficit:: US$ billions

Year 2006
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Government budget surplus/deficit:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
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Total general government debt:: US$ billions

Year 2006
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Total general government debt:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
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Total general government debt - real growth:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices

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Central government domestic debt:: Percentage of GDP

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Central government foreign debt:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
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Year 2009
Year 2010

Interest payment:: Percentage of current revenue

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Management of public finances:: Management of public finances over the next two years is likely to improve

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Total reserves:: Including gold and official reserves (gold = SDR 35 per ounce)

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

General government expenditure:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Fiscal Policy

Collected total tax revenues:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Collected personal income tax:: On profits, income and capital gains, as a percentage of GDP

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Collected corporate taxes:: On profits, income and capital gains, as a percentage of GDP

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Collected indirect tax revenues:: Taxes on goods and services as a percentage of GDP

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Collected capital and property taxes:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Collected social security contribution:: Compulsory contribution of employees and employers as a percentage of GDP

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Effective personal income tax rate:: Percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Corporate tax rate on profit:: Maximum tax rate, calculated on profit before tax

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Consumption tax rate:: Standard rate of VAT / GST

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

EmployeeRs social security contribution rate:: Compulsory contribution as a percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

EmployerRs social security contribution rate:: Compulsory contribution as a percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Real personal taxes:: Real personal taxes do not discourage people from working or seeking advancement

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Real corporate taxes:: Real corporate taxes do not discourage entrepreneurial activity

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Tax evasion:: Tax evasion does not hamper business activity

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Institutional Framework - (1 ~ 7) Central Bank, (8 ~ 16) State Efficiency

Real short-term interest rate:: Real discount / bank rate

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Cost of capital:: Cost of capital encourages business development

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Interest rate spread:: Lending rate minus deposit rate

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Country credit rating:: Rating on a scale of 0-100 assessed by the Institutional Investor Magazine ranking

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Central bank policy:: Central bank policy has a positive impact on economic development

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Exchange rate policy:: Exchange rate policy supports the competitiveness of enterprises

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Exchange rate stability:: Parity change from national currency to SDR, 2005/2003

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Policy direction of the government:: Policy direction of the government is consistent

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Legal and regulatory framework:: The legal and regulatory framework encourages the competitiveness of enterprises

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Adaptability of government policy:: Adaptability of government policy to changes in the economy is high

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Government decisions:: Government decisions are effectively implemented

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Political parties:: Political parties do understand today's economic challenges

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Transparency:: Transparency of government policy is satisfactory

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Public service:: The public service is independent from political interference

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Bureaucracy:: Bureaucracy does not hinder business activity

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Bribing and corruption:: Bribing and corruption do not exist in your economy

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Business Legislation - (1 ~ 7) openness, (8 ~ 17) Competition and Regulations, (18 ~ 20) Labor Regulations

Customs' authorities:: Customs' authorities do facilitate the efficient transit of goods

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Protectionism:: Protectionism does not impair the conduct of your business

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Public sector contracts:: Public sector contracts are sufficiently open to foreign bidders

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

International transactions:: International transactions can be freely negotiated with foreign partners

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Foreign investors:: Foreign investors are free to acquire control in domestic companies

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Access to capital markets:: Access to capital markets (foreign and domestic) is easily available

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Investment incentives:: Investment incentives are attractive to foreign investors

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Government subsidies:: To private and public companies as a percentage of GDP

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Subsidies:: Subsidies do not distort fair competition and economic development

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Competition legislation:: Competition legislation is efficient in preventing unfair competition

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Product and service:: legislation Product and service legislation does not deter business activity

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Price controls:: Price controls do not affect pricing of products in most industries

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Parallel economy:: Parallel (black-market, unrecorded) economy does not impair economic development

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Regulation intensity:: Regulation intensity does not restrain the ability of companies to compete

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Ease of doing business:: Ease of doing business is prevalent in your economy

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Creation of firms:: Creation of firms is supported by legislation

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Start-up days:: Number of days to start a business

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Labor regulations:: Labor regulations (hiring/firing practices,etc.) do not hinder business activities

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Unemployment:: legislation Unemployment legislation provides an incentive to look for work

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Immigration laws:: Immigration laws do not prevent your company from employing foreign labor

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Societal Framework

Justice:: Justice is fairly administered

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Personal security and private property:: Personal security and private property are adequately protected

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Risk of political instability:: The risk of political is very low

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Social cohesion:: Social cohesion is a priority for the government

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Income distribution - lowest 20%:: Percentage of household incomes going to lowest 20% of households

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Income distribution - highest 20%:: Percentage of household incomes going to highest 20% of households

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Discrimination:: Discrimination (race, gender, etc.) does not pose a handicap in society

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Females in parliament:: Percentage of total seats in Parliament

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Female positions:: Percentage of total legislators, senior officials and managers

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Gender income ratio:: Ratio of estimated female to male earned income globally

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Harassment Harassment (unethical behaviour, etc.) does not disturb the work environment

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Business Efficiency

Productivity and Efficiency

Overall productivity (PPP):: Estimates:: GDP (PPP) per person employed, US$

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Overall productivity:: GDP per person employed, US$

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Overall productivity - real growth:: Estimates:: Percentage change of real GDP per person employed

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Labor productivity (PPP):: Estimates:: GDP (PPP) per person employed per hour, US$

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Agricultural productivity (PPP):: Estimates:: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in agriculture, US$

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Productivity in industry (PPP):: Estimates:: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in industry, US$

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Productivity in services (PPP):: Estimates:: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in services, US$

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Large corporations:: Large corporations are efficient by international standards

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Small and medium-size enterprises:: Small and medium-size enterprises are efficient by international standards

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Labor Market - ( ~ ) Costs, (~ ) Relations, ( ~ ) Availability of Skills

Compensation levels:: Estimates:: Total hourly compensation for manufacturing workers, US$

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Unit labor costs in the manufacturing sector:: Percentage change

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Remuneration in services professions:: Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Remuneration of management:: Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Working hours:: Average number of working hours per year

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Labor relations:: Labor relations are generally productive

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Worker motivation:: Worker motivation is high in your economy

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Industrial disputes:: Working days lost per 1,000 inhabitants per year (Average)

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Employee training:: Employee training is a high priority in companies

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Labor force:: Employed and registered unemployed

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Labor force:: Percentage of population

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Labor force growth:: Percentage change

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Part-time employment:: Percentage of total employment

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Female labor force:: Percentage of total labor force

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Foreign labor force:: Percentage of total labor force

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Skilled labor:: Skilled labor is readily available

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Finance skills:: Finance skills are readily available

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Brain drain:: Brain drain does not hinder competitiveness in your economy

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Foreign high-skilled people:: Foreign high-skilled people are attracted by the business environment of your economy

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

International experience:: International experience of senior managers is generally significant

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Competent senior managers:: Competent senior managers are readily available

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Finance- ( ~ ) Bank Efficiency, ( ~ ) Stock Market Efficiency, ( ~ ) Finance Management

Banking sector assets:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Credit:: Creditf lows easily from banks to businesses

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Number of credit cards issued:: Per capita

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Credit card transactions:: Number of transactions per capita

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Investment risk:: Euromoney country credit-worthiness scale from 0-100

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Venture capital:: Venture capital is easily available for business development

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Banking and financial services:: Banking and financial services do support business activities efficiently

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Retail banking:: Population /number of bank offices

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Banking regulation:: Banking regulation does not hinder business development

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Stock markets:: Stock markets provide adequate financing to companies

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Stock market capitalization:: US$ billions

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Stock market capitalization:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Value traded on stock markets:: US$ per capita

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Listed domestic companies:: Number of listed domestic companies

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Stock market index:: Percentage change on index in national currency

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Shareholders' rights:: Shareholders' rights are sufficiently protected

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Financial institutions' transparency:: Financial institutions' transparency is sufficiently implemented

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Cash flow:: Cash flow is generally sufficient to allow companies to self-finance

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Corporate debt:: Corporate debt does not restrain the ability of enterprises to compete

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Factoring:: Percentage of merchandise exports

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Management Practices

Adaptability of companies:: Adaptability of companies to market changes is high

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Ethical practices:: Ethical practices are implemented in companies

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Credibility of managers:: Credibility of managers is prevalent in business

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Corporate boards:: Corporate boards do supervise the management of companies effectively

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Auditing and accounting practices:: Auditing and accounting practices are adequately implemented in business

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Shareholder value:: Shareholder value is efficiently managed

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Customer satisfaction:: Customer satisfaction is emphasized in companies

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Entrepreneurship:: Entrepreneurship of managers is widespread in business

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Marketing:: Marketing is conducted efficiently by enterprises

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Social responsibility:: Social responsibility of business leaders is high towards society

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Health, safety & environmental concerns:: Health, safety & environmental concerns are adequately addressed by management

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Attitudes and Values

Attitudes toward globalization:: Attitudes toward globalization are generally positive in your economy

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Image abroad:: The image abroad of your country/region encourages business development

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

National culture:: The national culture is open to foreign ideas

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Flexibility and adaptability:: Flexibility and adaptability of people in your economy are high when faced with new challenges

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Need for economic and social reforms:: The need for economic and social reforms is generally understood by people in your society

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Values of society:: Values of society support competitiveness

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Corporate values:: Corporate values take into account the values of employees

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Infrastructure

Basic Infrastructure

Land area:: Square kilometers ('000)

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Arable area:: Square meters per capita

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Urbanization:: Urbanization of cities does not drain economic resources

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Population - market size:: Estimates in millions

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Population under years:: Percentage of total population

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Population over 65 years:: Percentage of total population

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Dependency ratio:: Population under 15 and over 64 years old, divided by active population (15 to 64 years)

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Roads:: Density of the network

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Railroads:: Density of the network

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Air transportation:: Number of passengers carried by main companies

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Quality of air transportation:: Quality of air transportation encourages business development in your economy

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Distribution infrastructure:: The distribution infrastructure of goods and services is generally efficient

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Water transportation:: Water transportation (harbors, canals, etc.) meets business requirements

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Maintenance and development:: Maintenance and development of infrastructure are adequately planned and financed

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Energy infrastructure:: Energy infrastructure is adequate and efficient in your economy

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Total indigenous energy production:: Millions MTOE

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Total indigenous energy production per capita:: Millions MTOE per capita

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Total indigenous energy production:: Percentage of total requirements in tons of oil equivalent

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Total final energy consumption:: Millions MTOE

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Total final energy consumption per capita:: Millions MTOE per capita

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Energy intensity:: Commercial energy consumed for each dollar of GDP in kilojoules

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Electricity costs for industrial clients:: US$ per kwh

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Technological Infrastructure

Investment in telecommunications:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Fixed telephone lines:: Number of main lines per 1000 inhabitants

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

International fixed telephone costs:: US$ per 3 minutes in peak hours to USA (for USA to Europe)

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Mobile telephone subscribers:: Number of subscribers per 1000 inhabitants

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Mobile telephone costs:: US$ per 3 minutes in peak hours (local)

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Communications technology:: Communications technology (voice and data) meets business requirements

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Computers in use:: Worldwide share / Source:: Computer Industry Almanac

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Computers per capita:: Number of computers per 1000 people / Source:: Computer Industry Almanac

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Internet users:: Number of internet users per 1000 people / Source:: Computer Industry Almanac

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Internet costs:: Cost for hours dial-up per month, US$

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Broadband subscribers:: Number of subscribers per 1000 inhabitants

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Broadband costs:: US$ per 100 kbits/s per month

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Information technology skills:: Information technology skills are readily available

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Technological cooperation:: Technological cooperation is developed between companies

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Development and application of technology:: Development and application of technology are supported by the legal environment

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Funding for technological development:: Funding for technological development is generally sufficient

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Technological regulation:: Technological regulation supports business development and innovation

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

High-tech exports:: US$ millions

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

High-tech exports:: Percentage of manufactured exports

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Cyber security:: Cyber security is being adequately addressed by corporations

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Scientific Infrastructure

Total expenditure on R&D:: US$ millions

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Total expenditure on R&D:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Total expenditure on R&D per capita:: US$ per capita

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Business expenditure on R&D:: US$ millions

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Business expenditure on R&D:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Total R&D personnel nationwide:: Full-time work equivalent (FTE)

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Total R&D personnel nationwide per capita:: Full-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Total R&D personnel in business enterprise:: Full-time work equivalent (FTE)

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Total R&D personnel in business per capita:: Full-time work equivalent (FTE) per1000 people

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Basic research:: Basic research does enhance long-term economic development

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Science degrees:: Percentage of total first university degrees in science and engineering

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Scientific articles:: Scientific articles published by origin of author

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Science in schools:: Science in schools is sufficiently emphasized

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Youth interest in science:: Youth interest in science is strong

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Nobel prizes:: Awarded in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine and economics since 1950

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Nobel prizes per capita:: Awarded in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine and economics since 1950 per mio people

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Patents granted to residents:: Number of patents granted to residents (average 2001 - 2003)

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Securing patents abroad:: Number of patents secured abroad by country residents

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Intellectual property rights:: Intellectual property rights are adequately enforced

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Number of patents in force:: Per 100,000 inhabitants

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Patent productivity:: Patents granted to residents / R&D personnel in business ('000s)

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Legal environment:: The legal environment supports scientific research

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Health and Environment

Total health expenditure:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Public expenditure on health:: Percentage of total health expenditure

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Health infrastructure:: Health infrastructure meets the needs of society

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Life expectancy at birth:: Average estimate

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Healthy life expectancy:: Average estimate

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Medical assistance:: Number of inhabitants per physician and per nurse

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Urban population:: Percentage of total population

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Human development index:: Combines economic - social - educational indicators / Source:: Human Development Report

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Health problems (AIDS, alcohol, drug abuse, etc.):: Health problems (AIDS, alcohol, etc.) do not have a significant impact on companies

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Paper and cardboard recycling rate:: Percentage of apparent consumption

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Waste water treatment plants:: Percentage of population served

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Carbon dioxide emissions:: CO2 emissions in metric tons per one million US$ of GDP

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Ecological footprint:: Area units per person, hectares of biologically productive space

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Sustainable development:: Sustainable development is a priority in companies

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Pollution problems:: Pollution problems do not seriously affect your economy

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Environmental laws:: Environmental laws and compliance do not hinder the competitiveness of businesses

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Quality of life:: Quality of life is high

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Education

Total public expenditure on education:: Percentage of GDP

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education):: Ratio of students to teaching staff

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education):: Ratio of students to teaching staff

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Secondary school enrollment:: Percentage of relevant age group receiving full-time education

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Higher education achievement:: Percentage of population that has attained at least tertiary education for persons 25 -34

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Educational assessment:: PISA survey of 15-year olds

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Educational system:: The educational system meets the needs of a competitive economy

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

University education:: University education meets the needs of a competitive economy

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Illiteracy:: Adult (over years) illiteracy rate as a percentage of population

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Economic literacy:: Economic literacy is generally high among the population

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Education in finance:: Education in finance does meet the needs of enterprises

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Language skills:: Language skills are meeting the needs of enterprises

Year 2006
Year 2007
Year 2008
Year 2009
Year 2010

Qualified engineers:: Qualified engineers are available in your labor market

Year 2006
Year 2007
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Year 2009
Year 2010

Knowledge transfer:: Knowledge transfer is highly developed between companies and universities

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Year 2007
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Year 2010

It's hard and subtle task to measure political advances of a specific nation. However, we dare measure that of Korea.

Because Korea has experienced several extremely different political environments comparatively in a short period, we think Korea is a good model for children to learn how people is changing their own social environments, particularly a national decision making system.

It seems unrealistic for developing nations to have a democracy system like that of the USA or Swiss in a near future, saying 10~20 years. They are too far to reach for those nations. But, how about Korea? It was one of those developing nations, and is an acceptable goal for them. Korea had been under several military dictatorships just until 20 years ago, and now shows a democracy system, maybe a world best.

XO Korea is now constructing a table to measure political achievements or advances like that of economical ones. The table and methodology will be posted here soon.

OLPC is not just an educational project, but a collaborative one: even that on open source. So, OLPC is, at its core, a cultural movement; helping each other rather than stand-alone personal achievement, open rather than closed, and creativity rather than training. If OLPC surely is a cultural project, XO Korea is localizing it and establishing an OLPC-like culture; thin, small, and fast.

From educational aspects: learn learning, not training

Current educational systems in Korea is to train children for future labor forces of which role was set about 250 years ago when the Industrialization Age began in England. As discussed in detail at XO Korea/core ideas/economics, the role is no more valid. As excavators have displaced enormous shovel based labors, uniform labors for mass production and for standardized managements also are being displaced by various IT-driven technologies. In Korea, the educational model of memorizing as much as possible, and of being trained to follow orders has been very effective to production systems depending on simple and intensive labor forces for last 30~50 years. But, it isn't anymore.

XO Korea will present children with all details about the changes in labor and economic environments of Korea, and with what Korea is pursuing.

All details about changing the role of schools in Korea will be described here.

From political aspects: direct democracy, not indirect one

Because there can't be direct democracy or decision-making system available until now, the indirect democracy based on parliaments, administration, and justice system have been used as an alternate one.

Now, with OLPC, XO Korea hopes to establish direct democracy system, every citizen participating in every social decision via XO and Korean Mesh Network.

All details about creating a direct democracy system in Korea will be described here.

From economic aspects: sustainable welfare, not growth-oriented

It's clear that the USA can't be a TO BE model of currently developing nations. If some (even not all) of those developing nations become to enjoy USA-like production and consumption lives, the earth will be totally destroyed. We should dig the earth to the core to obtain raw materials to produce 1.5 billion automobiles for Chinese only.

Therefore, it's clear. Current developing nations Can Not and Should Not be developed. What an irony it is!!

We need some new development model, and have fortunately found it; OLPC. XO and Sugar can be utilized by all people on the earth without destroying the earth. We need OLPC-like business entities, governmental organizations, and cultures.

All details about creating a sustainable developing model in Korea will be described here.

Government: small on the web, not large in buildings

Like computing business, the government of Korea also is expanding day to day, with currently 1 million employees and about USD 2,380 billions' budget in 2007'. We think only a third of it is really necessary, and may two third are expenses just to manage the former 1/3.

Through OLPC-like reforming the Korean government, we hope to reduce the governmental budget to 1/3 of the current till year 2010. Open sourcing is the core of this reformation, and XO Korea will disclose all details of these reformation processes to provide learning materials to worldwide children and citizens and to attract their participation.

All details about establishing a web based government model in Korea will be described here.

Schools: for collaboration, not training

Schools are key of the current educational system all over the world; its birth, growth, and expansion having been with those of the Industrialization. Yes, schools are for industrialization; mass production and mass consumption.

However, the current mass production systems of the USA and Western nations are only possible under the condition of developing nations NOT having the same mass production system. If not, the entire resources in the earth will be eaten at one gulp; rather than in bite by bite of current developed nations. So, it's apparent that we need a new school system for children to learn both sustainable consumption and IT based content.

Ordinary children begin their educational tour at the age of 7, which is a heritage of the Industrialization Age. Is it still valid for Korean children who are much taller and brighter than 100 years ago? For our opinion, not at all.

XO Korea hopes that children start regular education at the age of 4 to 5.

Our current school system is based on school years - k12. However, every child has different interests and intellectual capabilities. Is it valid to keep fixed stone-like school years? For our opinion, not at all.

XO Korea pursues a school system without school years - k0.

Isn't it desirable for children to select their own interests rather than to be given by the school administration? If desirable, why not attempt it? Because there is no reason not to do so;

XO Korea will provide children an Open Curricula, where anyone can compose his/her own learning subjects.

If education is to produce future labor forces, to stimulate creativities, and to nurture lives of people, then why not integrate school system, industry, and research system all in one? We know those separate systems are resulted from the social divisions of labor, stimulated by the birth of machine-based production system about 250 years ago. But, now, we are living in the totally new age, linked and collaborate each other via Global Mesh Network XO Korea is now prototyping a 3-to-1 integrated model; School, Industry, and Research, or even 4-to-1 including Home.

Division of Labor: prosumers who both produce and consume things.

A new residential culture: OLPC-like city model

A new business communities: Open Enterprise

XO Korea/Core Ideas/Education

XO Korea/Core Ideas/Welfare

XO Korea/Core Ideas/Social Infra

XO Korea/Core Ideas/Government

Education

XO Korea/Education/Pre-primary School

XO Korea/Education/Elementary School

XO Korea/Education/Secondary Education

XO Korea/Education/Higher Education

XO Korea/Education/Special Education

Government

XO Korea/Government/Central Government

XO Korea/Government/Local Government

XO Korea/Government/Public Companies

Legislation

XO Korea/Legislation/Central Legislation

XO Korea/Legislation/Local Legislation

XO Korea/Business

XO Korea/Table of Contents

From educational aspects: learn learning, not training

From political aspects: direct democracy, not indirect one

From economic aspects: sustainable welfare, not growth-oriented

Government: small on the web, not large in buildings

Schools: for collaboration, not training

Division of Labor: prosumers who both produce and consume things.

A new residential culture: OLPC-like city model

Introduction

Introduction

Distributing XOs

Replacing damaged XOs

Developing Activities (Applications)

Establishing frameworks and architectures: OEA - Open Enterprise Architecture

Governmental Architecture

Business Architecture

Educational Architecture

Research Architecture

Public Architecture

Maintaining national mesh network

Hardware

School XO Deployment

Government XO Deployment

Business XO Deployment

Public Deployment

Software (Activities) Development Plans

Activities for School

Activities for Governments

Activities for Business

Activities for Public Organizations

Content Writing Plans

Content for School

Content for Governments

Content for Business

Content for Public Organizations

Open Enterprise Architecture

Core Ideas

Economic Performance - Domestic Economy

(1 ~ 11) Size, (12 ~ 18) Growth, (19 ~ 24) Wealth, (25 ~ 28) Forecasts

Gross domestic product (GDP):: US$ billions

GDP (PPP) Estimates; US$ billions at purchasing power parity

Private final consumption expenditure:: US$ billions

Private final consumption expenditure:: Percentage of GDP

Government final consumption expenditure:: US$ billions

Government final consumption expenditure:: Percentage of GDP

Gross domestic investment:: US$ billions

Gross domestic investment:: Percentage of GDP

Gross domestic savings:: US$ billions

Gross domestic savings:: Percentage of GDP

Economic sectors:: Breakdown as a percentage of GDP

Real GDP Growth:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices

Real GDP Growth per capita:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices

Private final consumption expenditure - real growth:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices

Government final consumption expenditure - real:: growth Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices

Gross domestic investment - real:: growth Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices

Gross domestic savings - real:: growth Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices

Resilience of the economy:: Resilience of the economy to economic cyclesis strong

GDP per capita:: US$ per capita

GDP (PPP) per capita:: Estimates; US$ per capita at purchasing power parity

Private final consumption expenditure per capita:: US$ per capita

Government final consumption expenditure per capita:: US$ per capita

Gross domestic investment per capita:: US$ per capita

Gross domestic savings per capita:: US$ per capita

Forecast:: Real GDP Growth:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices

Forecast:: Inflation:: Percentage change

Forecast:: Unemployment:: Percentage of total labor force

28 Forecast:: Current account balance:: Percentage of GDP/GNP

International Trade

Current account balance:: US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)

Current account balance:: Percentage of GDP

Balance of trade:: US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)

Balance of trade:: Percentage of GDP

Balance of commercial services:: US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)

Balance of commercial services:: Percentage of GDP

Exports of goods:: US$ billions

Exports of goods:: Percentage of GDP

Exports of goods - real growth:: Percentage change based on US$ values

Exports of commercial services:: US$ billions

Exports of commercial services:: Percentage of GDP

Exports of commercial services - real growth:: Percentage change based on US$ values