XO Korea/Core Ideas/Economics
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Contents
- 1 Economic Performance - Domestic Economy
- 1.1 (1 ~ 11) Size, (12 ~ 18) Growth, (19 ~ 24) Wealth, (25 ~ 28) Forecasts
- 1.1.1 Gross domestic product (GDP):: US$ billions
- 1.1.2 GDP (PPP) Estimates; US$ billions at purchasing power parity
- 1.1.3 Private final consumption expenditure:: US$ billions
- 1.1.4 Private final consumption expenditure:: Percentage of GDP
- 1.1.5 Government final consumption expenditure:: US$ billions
- 1.1.6 Government final consumption expenditure:: Percentage of GDP
- 1.1.7 Gross domestic investment:: US$ billions
- 1.1.8 Gross domestic investment:: Percentage of GDP
- 1.1.9 Gross domestic savings:: US$ billions
- 1.1.10 Gross domestic savings:: Percentage of GDP
- 1.1.11 Economic sectors:: Breakdown as a percentage of GDP
- 1.1.12 Real GDP Growth:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
- 1.1.13 Real GDP Growth per capita:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
- 1.1.14 Private final consumption expenditure - real growth:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
- 1.1.15 Government final consumption expenditure - real:: growth Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
- 1.1.16 Gross domestic investment - real:: growth Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
- 1.1.17 Gross domestic savings - real:: growth Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
- 1.1.18 Resilience of the economy:: Resilience of the economy to economic cyclesis strong
- 1.1.19 GDP per capita:: US$ per capita
- 1.1.20 GDP (PPP) per capita:: Estimates; US$ per capita at purchasing power parity
- 1.1.21 Private final consumption expenditure per capita:: US$ per capita
- 1.1.22 Government final consumption expenditure per capita:: US$ per capita
- 1.1.23 Gross domestic investment per capita:: US$ per capita
- 1.1.24 Gross domestic savings per capita:: US$ per capita
- 1.1.25 Forecast:: Real GDP Growth:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
- 1.1.26 Forecast:: Inflation:: Percentage change
- 1.1.27 Forecast:: Unemployment:: Percentage of total labor force
- 1.1.28 28 Forecast:: Current account balance:: Percentage of GDP/GNP
- 1.2 International Trade
- 1.2.1 Current account balance:: US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)
- 1.2.2 Current account balance:: Percentage of GDP
- 1.2.3 Balance of trade:: US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)
- 1.2.4 Balance of trade:: Percentage of GDP
- 1.2.5 Balance of commercial services:: US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)
- 1.2.6 Balance of commercial services:: Percentage of GDP
- 1.2.7 Exports of goods:: US$ billions
- 1.2.8 Exports of goods:: Percentage of GDP
- 1.2.9 Exports of goods - real growth:: Percentage change based on US$ values
- 1.2.10 Exports of commercial services:: US$ billions
- 1.2.11 Exports of commercial services:: Percentage of GDP
- 1.2.12 Exports of commercial services - real growth:: Percentage change based on US$ values
- 1.2.13 Exports breakdown by economic sector:: Percentage of total exports
- 1.2.14 Imports of goods & commercial services:: US$ billions
- 1.2.15 Imports of goods & commercial services:: Percentage of GDP
- 1.2.16 Imports of goods & commercial services - real growth:: Percentage change based on US$ values
- 1.2.17 Imports breakdown by economic sector:: Percentage of total imports
- 1.2.18 Trade to GDP ratio:: (Exports = Imports) / (2 x GDP)
- 1.2.19 Terms of trade index:: Unit value of exports over unit value of imports (2000 = 100)
- 1.2.20 Tourism receipts:: International tourism receipts as a percentage of GDP
- 1.3 International Investment: (1 ~ 15) Investment, (16 ~ 17) Finance
- 1.3.1 Direct investment flows abroad:: US$ billions
- 1.3.2 Direct investment flows abroad:: Percentage of GDP
- 1.3.3 Direct investment stocks abroad:: US$ billions
- 1.3.4 Direct investment stocks abroad - real growth:: Percentage change based on US$ values
- 1.3.5 Direct investment flows inward:: US$ billions
- 1.3.6 Direct investment flows inward:: Percentage of GDP
- 1.3.7 Direct investment stocks inward:: US$ billions
- 1.3.8 Direct investment stocks inward - real growth:: Percentage change based on US$ values
- 1.3.9 Balance of direct investment flows:: US$ billions (flows abroad minus flows inward)
- 1.3.10 Balance of direct investment flows:: Percentage of GDP (flows abroad minus flows inward)
- 1.3.11 Net position in direct investment stocks:: US$ billions (stocks abroad minus stocks inward)
- 1.3.12 Net position in direct investment stocks:: Percentage of GDP (stocks abroad minus stocks inward)
- 1.3.13 Relocation threats of production:: Relocation of production is not a threat to the future of your economy
- 1.3.14 Relocation threats of R&D facilities:: Relocation of R&D facilities is not a threat to the future of your economy
- 1.3.15 Relocation threats of services:: Relocation of services is not a threat to the future of your economy
- 1.3.16 Portfolio investment assets:: US$ billions
- 1.3.17 Portfolio investment liabilities:: US$ billions
- 1.4 Employment
- 1.4.1 Employment:: Total employment in millions
- 1.4.2 Employment:: Percentage of population
- 1.4.3 Employment - growth:: Estimates:: percentage change
- 1.4.4 Employment by sector:: Percentage of total employment
- 1.4.5 Employment in the public sector:: Percentage of total employment
- 1.4.6 Unemployment rate:: Percentage of labor force
- 1.4.7 Long-term unemployment:: Percentage of labor force
- 1.4.8 Youth unemployment:: Percentage of labor force
- 1.5 Prices
- 1.5.1 Consumer price inflation:: Average annual rate
- 1.5.2 Cost-of-living index:: Index of basket of goods & services in major cities, excluding housing. New York City=100
- 1.5.3 Apartment rent:: 3-room apartment monthly rent in major cities, US$
- 1.5.4 Office rent:: Total occupation cost (US$/Sq.M per year)
- 1.1 (1 ~ 11) Size, (12 ~ 18) Growth, (19 ~ 24) Wealth, (25 ~ 28) Forecasts
- 2 Government Efficiency
- 2.1 Public Finance
- 2.1.1 Government budget surplus/deficit:: US$ billions
- 2.1.2 Government budget surplus/deficit:: Percentage of GDP
- 2.1.3 Total general government debt:: US$ billions
- 2.1.4 Total general government debt:: Percentage of GDP
- 2.1.5 Total general government debt - real growth:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
- 2.1.6 Central government domestic debt:: Percentage of GDP
- 2.1.7 Central government foreign debt:: Percentage of GDP
- 2.1.8 Interest payment:: Percentage of current revenue
- 2.1.9 Management of public finances:: Management of public finances over the next two years is likely to improve
- 2.1.10 Total reserves:: Including gold and official reserves (gold = SDR 35 per ounce)
- 2.1.11 General government expenditure:: Percentage of GDP
- 2.2 Fiscal Policy
- 2.2.1 Collected total tax revenues:: Percentage of GDP
- 2.2.2 Collected personal income tax:: On profits, income and capital gains, as a percentage of GDP
- 2.2.3 Collected corporate taxes:: On profits, income and capital gains, as a percentage of GDP
- 2.2.4 Collected indirect tax revenues:: Taxes on goods and services as a percentage of GDP
- 2.2.5 Collected capital and property taxes:: Percentage of GDP
- 2.2.6 Collected social security contribution:: Compulsory contribution of employees and employers as a percentage of GDP
- 2.2.7 Effective personal income tax rate:: Percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita
- 2.2.8 Corporate tax rate on profit:: Maximum tax rate, calculated on profit before tax
- 2.2.9 Consumption tax rate:: Standard rate of VAT / GST
- 2.2.10 EmployeeRs social security contribution rate:: Compulsory contribution as a percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita
- 2.2.11 EmployerRs social security contribution rate:: Compulsory contribution as a percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita
- 2.2.12 Real personal taxes:: Real personal taxes do not discourage people from working or seeking advancement
- 2.2.13 Real corporate taxes:: Real corporate taxes do not discourage entrepreneurial activity
- 2.2.14 Tax evasion:: Tax evasion does not hamper business activity
- 2.3 Institutional Framework - (1 ~ 7) Central Bank, (8 ~ 16) State Efficiency
- 2.3.1 Real short-term interest rate:: Real discount / bank rate
- 2.3.2 Cost of capital:: Cost of capital encourages business development
- 2.3.3 Interest rate spread:: Lending rate minus deposit rate
- 2.3.4 Country credit rating:: Rating on a scale of 0-100 assessed by the Institutional Investor Magazine ranking
- 2.3.5 Central bank policy:: Central bank policy has a positive impact on economic development
- 2.3.6 Exchange rate policy:: Exchange rate policy supports the competitiveness of enterprises
- 2.3.7 Exchange rate stability:: Parity change from national currency to SDR, 2005/2003
- 2.3.8 Policy direction of the government:: Policy direction of the government is consistent
- 2.3.9 Legal and regulatory framework:: The legal and regulatory framework encourages the competitiveness of enterprises
- 2.3.10 Adaptability of government policy:: Adaptability of government policy to changes in the economy is high
- 2.3.11 Government decisions:: Government decisions are effectively implemented
- 2.3.12 Political parties:: Political parties do understand today's economic challenges
- 2.3.13 Transparency:: Transparency of government policy is satisfactory
- 2.3.14 Public service:: The public service is independent from political interference
- 2.3.15 Bureaucracy:: Bureaucracy does not hinder business activity
- 2.3.16 Bribing and corruption:: Bribing and corruption do not exist in your economy
- 2.4 Business Legislation - (1 ~ 7) openness, (8 ~ 17) Competition and Regulations, (18 ~ 20) Labor Regulations
- 2.4.1 Customs' authorities:: Customs' authorities do facilitate the efficient transit of goods
- 2.4.2 Protectionism:: Protectionism does not impair the conduct of your business
- 2.4.3 Public sector contracts:: Public sector contracts are sufficiently open to foreign bidders
- 2.4.4 International transactions:: International transactions can be freely negotiated with foreign partners
- 2.4.5 Foreign investors:: Foreign investors are free to acquire control in domestic companies
- 2.4.6 Access to capital markets:: Access to capital markets (foreign and domestic) is easily available
- 2.4.7 Investment incentives:: Investment incentives are attractive to foreign investors
- 2.4.8 Government subsidies:: To private and public companies as a percentage of GDP
- 2.4.9 Subsidies:: Subsidies do not distort fair competition and economic development
- 2.4.10 Competition legislation:: Competition legislation is efficient in preventing unfair competition
- 2.4.11 Product and service:: legislation Product and service legislation does not deter business activity
- 2.4.12 Price controls:: Price controls do not affect pricing of products in most industries
- 2.4.13 Parallel economy:: Parallel (black-market, unrecorded) economy does not impair economic development
- 2.4.14 Regulation intensity:: Regulation intensity does not restrain the ability of companies to compete
- 2.4.15 Ease of doing business:: Ease of doing business is prevalent in your economy
- 2.4.16 Creation of firms:: Creation of firms is supported by legislation
- 2.4.17 Start-up days:: Number of days to start a business
- 2.4.18 Labor regulations:: Labor regulations (hiring/firing practices,etc.) do not hinder business activities
- 2.4.19 Unemployment:: legislation Unemployment legislation provides an incentive to look for work
- 2.4.20 Immigration laws:: Immigration laws do not prevent your company from employing foreign labor
- 2.5 Societal Framework
- 2.5.1 Justice:: Justice is fairly administered
- 2.5.2 Personal security and private property:: Personal security and private property are adequately protected
- 2.5.3 Risk of political instability:: The risk of political is very low
- 2.5.4 Social cohesion:: Social cohesion is a priority for the government
- 2.5.5 Income distribution - lowest 20%:: Percentage of household incomes going to lowest 20% of households
- 2.5.6 Income distribution - highest 20%:: Percentage of household incomes going to highest 20% of households
- 2.5.7 Discrimination:: Discrimination (race, gender, etc.) does not pose a handicap in society
- 2.5.8 Females in parliament:: Percentage of total seats in Parliament
- 2.5.9 Female positions:: Percentage of total legislators, senior officials and managers
- 2.5.10 Gender income ratio:: Ratio of estimated female to male earned income globally
- 2.5.11 Harassment Harassment (unethical behaviour, etc.) does not disturb the work environment
- 2.1 Public Finance
- 3 Business Efficiency
- 3.1 Productivity and Efficiency
- 3.1.1 Overall productivity (PPP):: Estimates:: GDP (PPP) per person employed, US$
- 3.1.2 Overall productivity:: GDP per person employed, US$
- 3.1.3 Overall productivity - real growth:: Estimates:: Percentage change of real GDP per person employed
- 3.1.4 Labor productivity (PPP):: Estimates:: GDP (PPP) per person employed per hour, US$
- 3.1.5 Agricultural productivity (PPP):: Estimates:: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in agriculture, US$
- 3.1.6 Productivity in industry (PPP):: Estimates:: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in industry, US$
- 3.1.7 Productivity in services (PPP):: Estimates:: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in services, US$
- 3.1.8 Large corporations:: Large corporations are efficient by international standards
- 3.1.9 Small and medium-size enterprises:: Small and medium-size enterprises are efficient by international standards
- 3.2 Labor Market - ( ~ ) Costs, (~ ) Relations, ( ~ ) Availability of Skills
- 3.2.1 Compensation levels:: Estimates:: Total hourly compensation for manufacturing workers, US$
- 3.2.2 Unit labor costs in the manufacturing sector:: Percentage change
- 3.2.3 Remuneration in services professions:: Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$
- 3.2.4 Remuneration of management:: Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
- 3.2.5 Working hours:: Average number of working hours per year
- 3.2.6 Labor relations:: Labor relations are generally productive
- 3.2.7 Worker motivation:: Worker motivation is high in your economy
- 3.2.8 Industrial disputes:: Working days lost per 1,000 inhabitants per year (Average)
- 3.2.9 Employee training:: Employee training is a high priority in companies
- 3.2.10 Labor force:: Employed and registered unemployed
- 3.2.11 Labor force:: Percentage of population
- 3.2.12 Labor force growth:: Percentage change
- 3.2.13 Part-time employment:: Percentage of total employment
- 3.2.14 Female labor force:: Percentage of total labor force
- 3.2.15 Foreign labor force:: Percentage of total labor force
- 3.2.16 Skilled labor:: Skilled labor is readily available
- 3.2.17 Finance skills:: Finance skills are readily available
- 3.2.18 Brain drain:: Brain drain does not hinder competitiveness in your economy
- 3.2.19 Foreign high-skilled people:: Foreign high-skilled people are attracted by the business environment of your economy
- 3.2.20 International experience:: International experience of senior managers is generally significant
- 3.2.21 Competent senior managers:: Competent senior managers are readily available
- 3.3 Finance- ( ~ ) Bank Efficiency, ( ~ ) Stock Market Efficiency, ( ~ ) Finance Management
- 3.3.1 Banking sector assets:: Percentage of GDP
- 3.3.2 Credit:: Creditf lows easily from banks to businesses
- 3.3.3 Number of credit cards issued:: Per capita
- 3.3.4 Credit card transactions:: Number of transactions per capita
- 3.3.5 Investment risk:: Euromoney country credit-worthiness scale from 0-100
- 3.3.6 Venture capital:: Venture capital is easily available for business development
- 3.3.7 Banking and financial services:: Banking and financial services do support business activities efficiently
- 3.3.8 Retail banking:: Population /number of bank offices
- 3.3.9 Banking regulation:: Banking regulation does not hinder business development
- 3.3.10 Stock markets:: Stock markets provide adequate financing to companies
- 3.3.11 Stock market capitalization:: US$ billions
- 3.3.12 Stock market capitalization:: Percentage of GDP
- 3.3.13 Value traded on stock markets:: US$ per capita
- 3.3.14 Listed domestic companies:: Number of listed domestic companies
- 3.3.15 Stock market index:: Percentage change on index in national currency
- 3.3.16 Shareholders' rights:: Shareholders' rights are sufficiently protected
- 3.3.17 Financial institutions' transparency:: Financial institutions' transparency is sufficiently implemented
- 3.3.18 Cash flow:: Cash flow is generally sufficient to allow companies to self-finance
- 3.3.19 Corporate debt:: Corporate debt does not restrain the ability of enterprises to compete
- 3.3.20 Factoring:: Percentage of merchandise exports
- 3.4 Management Practices
- 3.4.1 Adaptability of companies:: Adaptability of companies to market changes is high
- 3.4.2 Ethical practices:: Ethical practices are implemented in companies
- 3.4.3 Credibility of managers:: Credibility of managers is prevalent in business
- 3.4.4 Corporate boards:: Corporate boards do supervise the management of companies effectively
- 3.4.5 Auditing and accounting practices:: Auditing and accounting practices are adequately implemented in business
- 3.4.6 Shareholder value:: Shareholder value is efficiently managed
- 3.4.7 Customer satisfaction:: Customer satisfaction is emphasized in companies
- 3.4.8 Entrepreneurship:: Entrepreneurship of managers is widespread in business
- 3.4.9 Marketing:: Marketing is conducted efficiently by enterprises
- 3.4.10 Social responsibility:: Social responsibility of business leaders is high towards society
- 3.4.11 Health, safety & environmental concerns:: Health, safety & environmental concerns are adequately addressed by management
- 3.5 Attitudes and Values
- 3.5.1 Attitudes toward globalization:: Attitudes toward globalization are generally positive in your economy
- 3.5.2 Image abroad:: The image abroad of your country/region encourages business development
- 3.5.3 National culture:: The national culture is open to foreign ideas
- 3.5.4 Flexibility and adaptability:: Flexibility and adaptability of people in your economy are high when faced with new challenges
- 3.5.5 Need for economic and social reforms:: The need for economic and social reforms is generally understood by people in your society
- 3.5.6 Values of society:: Values of society support competitiveness
- 3.5.7 Corporate values:: Corporate values take into account the values of employees
- 3.1 Productivity and Efficiency
- 4 Infrastructure
- 4.1 Basic Infrastructure
- 4.1.1 Land area:: Square kilometers ('000)
- 4.1.2 Arable area:: Square meters per capita
- 4.1.3 Urbanization:: Urbanization of cities does not drain economic resources
- 4.1.4 Population - market size:: Estimates in millions
- 4.1.5 Population under years:: Percentage of total population
- 4.1.6 Population over 65 years:: Percentage of total population
- 4.1.7 Dependency ratio:: Population under 15 and over 64 years old, divided by active population (15 to 64 years)
- 4.1.8 Roads:: Density of the network
- 4.1.9 Railroads:: Density of the network
- 4.1.10 Air transportation:: Number of passengers carried by main companies
- 4.1.11 Quality of air transportation:: Quality of air transportation encourages business development in your economy
- 4.1.12 Distribution infrastructure:: The distribution infrastructure of goods and services is generally efficient
- 4.1.13 Water transportation:: Water transportation (harbors, canals, etc.) meets business requirements
- 4.1.14 Maintenance and development:: Maintenance and development of infrastructure are adequately planned and financed
- 4.1.15 Energy infrastructure:: Energy infrastructure is adequate and efficient in your economy
- 4.1.16 Total indigenous energy production:: Millions MTOE
- 4.1.17 Total indigenous energy production per capita:: Millions MTOE per capita
- 4.1.18 Total indigenous energy production:: Percentage of total requirements in tons of oil equivalent
- 4.1.19 Total final energy consumption:: Millions MTOE
- 4.1.20 Total final energy consumption per capita:: Millions MTOE per capita
- 4.1.21 Energy intensity:: Commercial energy consumed for each dollar of GDP in kilojoules
- 4.1.22 Electricity costs for industrial clients:: US$ per kwh
- 4.2 Technological Infrastructure
- 4.2.1 Investment in telecommunications:: Percentage of GDP
- 4.2.2 Fixed telephone lines:: Number of main lines per 1000 inhabitants
- 4.2.3 International fixed telephone costs:: US$ per 3 minutes in peak hours to USA (for USA to Europe)
- 4.2.4 Mobile telephone subscribers:: Number of subscribers per 1000 inhabitants
- 4.2.5 Mobile telephone costs:: US$ per 3 minutes in peak hours (local)
- 4.2.6 Communications technology:: Communications technology (voice and data) meets business requirements
- 4.2.7 Computers in use:: Worldwide share / Source:: Computer Industry Almanac
- 4.2.8 Computers per capita:: Number of computers per 1000 people / Source:: Computer Industry Almanac
- 4.2.9 Internet users:: Number of internet users per 1000 people / Source:: Computer Industry Almanac
- 4.2.10 Internet costs:: Cost for hours dial-up per month, US$
- 4.2.11 Broadband subscribers:: Number of subscribers per 1000 inhabitants
- 4.2.12 Broadband costs:: US$ per 100 kbits/s per month
- 4.2.13 Information technology skills:: Information technology skills are readily available
- 4.2.14 Technological cooperation:: Technological cooperation is developed between companies
- 4.2.15 Development and application of technology:: Development and application of technology are supported by the legal environment
- 4.2.16 Funding for technological development:: Funding for technological development is generally sufficient
- 4.2.17 Technological regulation:: Technological regulation supports business development and innovation
- 4.2.18 High-tech exports:: US$ millions
- 4.2.19 High-tech exports:: Percentage of manufactured exports
- 4.2.20 Cyber security:: Cyber security is being adequately addressed by corporations
- 4.3 Scientific Infrastructure
- 4.3.1 Total expenditure on R&D:: US$ millions
- 4.3.2 Total expenditure on R&D:: Percentage of GDP
- 4.3.3 Total expenditure on R&D per capita:: US$ per capita
- 4.3.4 Business expenditure on R&D:: US$ millions
- 4.3.5 Business expenditure on R&D:: Percentage of GDP
- 4.3.6 Total R&D personnel nationwide:: Full-time work equivalent (FTE)
- 4.3.7 Total R&D personnel nationwide per capita:: Full-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people
- 4.3.8 Total R&D personnel in business enterprise:: Full-time work equivalent (FTE)
- 4.3.9 Total R&D personnel in business per capita:: Full-time work equivalent (FTE) per1000 people
- 4.3.10 Basic research:: Basic research does enhance long-term economic development
- 4.3.11 Science degrees:: Percentage of total first university degrees in science and engineering
- 4.3.12 Scientific articles:: Scientific articles published by origin of author
- 4.3.13 Science in schools:: Science in schools is sufficiently emphasized
- 4.3.14 Youth interest in science:: Youth interest in science is strong
- 4.3.15 Nobel prizes:: Awarded in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine and economics since 1950
- 4.3.16 Nobel prizes per capita:: Awarded in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine and economics since 1950 per mio people
- 4.3.17 Patents granted to residents:: Number of patents granted to residents (average 2001 - 2003)
- 4.3.18 Securing patents abroad:: Number of patents secured abroad by country residents
- 4.3.19 Intellectual property rights:: Intellectual property rights are adequately enforced
- 4.3.20 Number of patents in force:: Per 100,000 inhabitants
- 4.3.21 Patent productivity:: Patents granted to residents / R&D personnel in business ('000s)
- 4.3.22 Legal environment:: The legal environment supports scientific research
- 4.4 Health and Environment
- 4.4.1 Total health expenditure:: Percentage of GDP
- 4.4.2 Public expenditure on health:: Percentage of total health expenditure
- 4.4.3 Health infrastructure:: Health infrastructure meets the needs of society
- 4.4.4 Life expectancy at birth:: Average estimate
- 4.4.5 Healthy life expectancy:: Average estimate
- 4.4.6 Medical assistance:: Number of inhabitants per physician and per nurse
- 4.4.7 Urban population:: Percentage of total population
- 4.4.8 Human development index:: Combines economic - social - educational indicators / Source:: Human Development Report
- 4.4.9 Health problems (AIDS, alcohol, drug abuse, etc.):: Health problems (AIDS, alcohol, etc.) do not have a significant impact on companies
- 4.4.10 Paper and cardboard recycling rate:: Percentage of apparent consumption
- 4.4.11 Waste water treatment plants:: Percentage of population served
- 4.4.12 Carbon dioxide emissions:: CO2 emissions in metric tons per one million US$ of GDP
- 4.4.13 Ecological footprint:: Area units per person, hectares of biologically productive space
- 4.4.14 Sustainable development:: Sustainable development is a priority in companies
- 4.4.15 Pollution problems:: Pollution problems do not seriously affect your economy
- 4.4.16 Environmental laws:: Environmental laws and compliance do not hinder the competitiveness of businesses
- 4.4.17 Quality of life:: Quality of life is high
- 4.5 Education
- 4.5.1 Total public expenditure on education:: Percentage of GDP
- 4.5.2 Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education):: Ratio of students to teaching staff
- 4.5.3 Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education):: Ratio of students to teaching staff
- 4.5.4 Secondary school enrollment:: Percentage of relevant age group receiving full-time education
- 4.5.5 Higher education achievement:: Percentage of population that has attained at least tertiary education for persons 25 -34
- 4.5.6 Educational assessment:: PISA survey of 15-year olds
- 4.5.7 Educational system:: The educational system meets the needs of a competitive economy
- 4.5.8 University education:: University education meets the needs of a competitive economy
- 4.5.9 Illiteracy:: Adult (over years) illiteracy rate as a percentage of population
- 4.5.10 Economic literacy:: Economic literacy is generally high among the population
- 4.5.11 Education in finance:: Education in finance does meet the needs of enterprises
- 4.5.12 Language skills:: Language skills are meeting the needs of enterprises
- 4.5.13 Qualified engineers:: Qualified engineers are available in your labor market
- 4.5.14 Knowledge transfer:: Knowledge transfer is highly developed between companies and universities
- 4.1 Basic Infrastructure
Economic Performance - Domestic Economy
(1 ~ 11) Size, (12 ~ 18) Growth, (19 ~ 24) Wealth, (25 ~ 28) Forecasts
Gross domestic product (GDP):: US$ billions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
GDP (PPP) Estimates; US$ billions at purchasing power parity
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Private final consumption expenditure:: US$ billions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Private final consumption expenditure:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Government final consumption expenditure:: US$ billions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Government final consumption expenditure:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Gross domestic investment:: US$ billions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Gross domestic investment:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Gross domestic savings:: US$ billions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Gross domestic savings:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Economic sectors:: Breakdown as a percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Real GDP Growth:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Real GDP Growth per capita:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Private final consumption expenditure - real growth:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Government final consumption expenditure - real:: growth Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Gross domestic investment - real:: growth Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Gross domestic savings - real:: growth Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Resilience of the economy:: Resilience of the economy to economic cyclesis strong
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
GDP per capita:: US$ per capita
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
GDP (PPP) per capita:: Estimates; US$ per capita at purchasing power parity
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Private final consumption expenditure per capita:: US$ per capita
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Government final consumption expenditure per capita:: US$ per capita
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Gross domestic investment per capita:: US$ per capita
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Gross domestic savings per capita:: US$ per capita
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Forecast:: Real GDP Growth:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Forecast:: Inflation:: Percentage change
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Forecast:: Unemployment:: Percentage of total labor force
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
28 Forecast:: Current account balance:: Percentage of GDP/GNP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
International Trade
Current account balance:: US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Current account balance:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Balance of trade:: US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Balance of trade:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Balance of commercial services:: US$ billions (minus sign = deficit)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Balance of commercial services:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Exports of goods:: US$ billions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Exports of goods:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Exports of goods - real growth:: Percentage change based on US$ values
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Exports of commercial services:: US$ billions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Exports of commercial services:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Exports of commercial services - real growth:: Percentage change based on US$ values
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Exports breakdown by economic sector:: Percentage of total exports
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Imports of goods & commercial services:: US$ billions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Imports of goods & commercial services:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Imports of goods & commercial services - real growth:: Percentage change based on US$ values
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Imports breakdown by economic sector:: Percentage of total imports
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Trade to GDP ratio:: (Exports = Imports) / (2 x GDP)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Terms of trade index:: Unit value of exports over unit value of imports (2000 = 100)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Tourism receipts:: International tourism receipts as a percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
International Investment: (1 ~ 15) Investment, (16 ~ 17) Finance
Direct investment flows abroad:: US$ billions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Direct investment flows abroad:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Direct investment stocks abroad:: US$ billions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Direct investment stocks abroad - real growth:: Percentage change based on US$ values
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Direct investment flows inward:: US$ billions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Direct investment flows inward:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Direct investment stocks inward:: US$ billions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Direct investment stocks inward - real growth:: Percentage change based on US$ values
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Balance of direct investment flows:: US$ billions (flows abroad minus flows inward)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Balance of direct investment flows:: Percentage of GDP (flows abroad minus flows inward)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Net position in direct investment stocks:: US$ billions (stocks abroad minus stocks inward)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Net position in direct investment stocks:: Percentage of GDP (stocks abroad minus stocks inward)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Relocation threats of production:: Relocation of production is not a threat to the future of your economy
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Relocation threats of R&D facilities:: Relocation of R&D facilities is not a threat to the future of your economy
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Relocation threats of services:: Relocation of services is not a threat to the future of your economy
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Portfolio investment assets:: US$ billions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Portfolio investment liabilities:: US$ billions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Employment
Employment:: Total employment in millions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Employment:: Percentage of population
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Employment - growth:: Estimates:: percentage change
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Employment by sector:: Percentage of total employment
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Employment in the public sector:: Percentage of total employment
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Unemployment rate:: Percentage of labor force
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Long-term unemployment:: Percentage of labor force
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Youth unemployment:: Percentage of labor force
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Prices
Consumer price inflation:: Average annual rate
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Cost-of-living index:: Index of basket of goods & services in major cities, excluding housing. New York City=100
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Apartment rent:: 3-room apartment monthly rent in major cities, US$
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Office rent:: Total occupation cost (US$/Sq.M per year)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Government Efficiency
Public Finance
Government budget surplus/deficit:: US$ billions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Government budget surplus/deficit:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Total general government debt:: US$ billions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Total general government debt:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Total general government debt - real growth:: Percentage change, based on national currency in constant prices
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Central government domestic debt:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Central government foreign debt:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Interest payment:: Percentage of current revenue
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Management of public finances:: Management of public finances over the next two years is likely to improve
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Total reserves:: Including gold and official reserves (gold = SDR 35 per ounce)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
General government expenditure:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Fiscal Policy
Collected total tax revenues:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Collected personal income tax:: On profits, income and capital gains, as a percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Collected corporate taxes:: On profits, income and capital gains, as a percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Collected indirect tax revenues:: Taxes on goods and services as a percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Collected capital and property taxes:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Collected social security contribution:: Compulsory contribution of employees and employers as a percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Effective personal income tax rate:: Percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Corporate tax rate on profit:: Maximum tax rate, calculated on profit before tax
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Consumption tax rate:: Standard rate of VAT / GST
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
EmployeeRs social security contribution rate:: Compulsory contribution as a percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
EmployerRs social security contribution rate:: Compulsory contribution as a percentage of an income equal to GDP per capita
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Real personal taxes:: Real personal taxes do not discourage people from working or seeking advancement
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Real corporate taxes:: Real corporate taxes do not discourage entrepreneurial activity
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Tax evasion:: Tax evasion does not hamper business activity
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Institutional Framework - (1 ~ 7) Central Bank, (8 ~ 16) State Efficiency
Real short-term interest rate:: Real discount / bank rate
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Cost of capital:: Cost of capital encourages business development
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Interest rate spread:: Lending rate minus deposit rate
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Country credit rating:: Rating on a scale of 0-100 assessed by the Institutional Investor Magazine ranking
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Central bank policy:: Central bank policy has a positive impact on economic development
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Exchange rate policy:: Exchange rate policy supports the competitiveness of enterprises
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Exchange rate stability:: Parity change from national currency to SDR, 2005/2003
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Policy direction of the government:: Policy direction of the government is consistent
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Legal and regulatory framework:: The legal and regulatory framework encourages the competitiveness of enterprises
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Adaptability of government policy:: Adaptability of government policy to changes in the economy is high
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Government decisions:: Government decisions are effectively implemented
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Political parties:: Political parties do understand today's economic challenges
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Transparency:: Transparency of government policy is satisfactory
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Public service:: The public service is independent from political interference
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Bureaucracy:: Bureaucracy does not hinder business activity
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Bribing and corruption:: Bribing and corruption do not exist in your economy
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Business Legislation - (1 ~ 7) openness, (8 ~ 17) Competition and Regulations, (18 ~ 20) Labor Regulations
Customs' authorities:: Customs' authorities do facilitate the efficient transit of goods
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Protectionism:: Protectionism does not impair the conduct of your business
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Public sector contracts:: Public sector contracts are sufficiently open to foreign bidders
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
International transactions:: International transactions can be freely negotiated with foreign partners
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Foreign investors:: Foreign investors are free to acquire control in domestic companies
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Access to capital markets:: Access to capital markets (foreign and domestic) is easily available
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Investment incentives:: Investment incentives are attractive to foreign investors
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Government subsidies:: To private and public companies as a percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Subsidies:: Subsidies do not distort fair competition and economic development
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Competition legislation:: Competition legislation is efficient in preventing unfair competition
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Product and service:: legislation Product and service legislation does not deter business activity
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Price controls:: Price controls do not affect pricing of products in most industries
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Parallel economy:: Parallel (black-market, unrecorded) economy does not impair economic development
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Regulation intensity:: Regulation intensity does not restrain the ability of companies to compete
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Ease of doing business:: Ease of doing business is prevalent in your economy
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Creation of firms:: Creation of firms is supported by legislation
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Start-up days:: Number of days to start a business
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Labor regulations:: Labor regulations (hiring/firing practices,etc.) do not hinder business activities
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Unemployment:: legislation Unemployment legislation provides an incentive to look for work
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Immigration laws:: Immigration laws do not prevent your company from employing foreign labor
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Societal Framework
Justice:: Justice is fairly administered
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Personal security and private property:: Personal security and private property are adequately protected
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Risk of political instability:: The risk of political is very low
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Social cohesion:: Social cohesion is a priority for the government
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Income distribution - lowest 20%:: Percentage of household incomes going to lowest 20% of households
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Income distribution - highest 20%:: Percentage of household incomes going to highest 20% of households
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Discrimination:: Discrimination (race, gender, etc.) does not pose a handicap in society
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Females in parliament:: Percentage of total seats in Parliament
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Female positions:: Percentage of total legislators, senior officials and managers
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Gender income ratio:: Ratio of estimated female to male earned income globally
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Harassment Harassment (unethical behaviour, etc.) does not disturb the work environment
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Business Efficiency
Productivity and Efficiency
Overall productivity (PPP):: Estimates:: GDP (PPP) per person employed, US$
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Overall productivity:: GDP per person employed, US$
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Overall productivity - real growth:: Estimates:: Percentage change of real GDP per person employed
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Labor productivity (PPP):: Estimates:: GDP (PPP) per person employed per hour, US$
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Agricultural productivity (PPP):: Estimates:: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in agriculture, US$
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Productivity in industry (PPP):: Estimates:: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in industry, US$
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Productivity in services (PPP):: Estimates:: Related GDP (PPP) per person employed in services, US$
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Large corporations:: Large corporations are efficient by international standards
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Small and medium-size enterprises:: Small and medium-size enterprises are efficient by international standards
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Labor Market - ( ~ ) Costs, (~ ) Relations, ( ~ ) Availability of Skills
Compensation levels:: Estimates:: Total hourly compensation for manufacturing workers, US$
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Unit labor costs in the manufacturing sector:: Percentage change
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Remuneration in services professions:: Gross annual income including supplements such as bonuses, in US$
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Remuneration of management:: Total base salary plus bonuses and long-term incentives, US$
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Working hours:: Average number of working hours per year
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Labor relations:: Labor relations are generally productive
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Worker motivation:: Worker motivation is high in your economy
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Industrial disputes:: Working days lost per 1,000 inhabitants per year (Average)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Employee training:: Employee training is a high priority in companies
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Labor force:: Employed and registered unemployed
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Labor force:: Percentage of population
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Labor force growth:: Percentage change
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Part-time employment:: Percentage of total employment
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Female labor force:: Percentage of total labor force
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Foreign labor force:: Percentage of total labor force
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Skilled labor:: Skilled labor is readily available
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Finance skills:: Finance skills are readily available
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Brain drain:: Brain drain does not hinder competitiveness in your economy
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Foreign high-skilled people:: Foreign high-skilled people are attracted by the business environment of your economy
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
International experience:: International experience of senior managers is generally significant
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Competent senior managers:: Competent senior managers are readily available
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Finance- ( ~ ) Bank Efficiency, ( ~ ) Stock Market Efficiency, ( ~ ) Finance Management
Banking sector assets:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Credit:: Creditf lows easily from banks to businesses
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Number of credit cards issued:: Per capita
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Credit card transactions:: Number of transactions per capita
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Investment risk:: Euromoney country credit-worthiness scale from 0-100
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Venture capital:: Venture capital is easily available for business development
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Banking and financial services:: Banking and financial services do support business activities efficiently
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Retail banking:: Population /number of bank offices
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Banking regulation:: Banking regulation does not hinder business development
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Stock markets:: Stock markets provide adequate financing to companies
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Stock market capitalization:: US$ billions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Stock market capitalization:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Value traded on stock markets:: US$ per capita
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Listed domestic companies:: Number of listed domestic companies
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Stock market index:: Percentage change on index in national currency
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Financial institutions' transparency:: Financial institutions' transparency is sufficiently implemented
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Cash flow:: Cash flow is generally sufficient to allow companies to self-finance
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Corporate debt:: Corporate debt does not restrain the ability of enterprises to compete
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Factoring:: Percentage of merchandise exports
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Management Practices
Adaptability of companies:: Adaptability of companies to market changes is high
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Ethical practices:: Ethical practices are implemented in companies
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Credibility of managers:: Credibility of managers is prevalent in business
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Corporate boards:: Corporate boards do supervise the management of companies effectively
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Auditing and accounting practices:: Auditing and accounting practices are adequately implemented in business
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Customer satisfaction:: Customer satisfaction is emphasized in companies
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Entrepreneurship:: Entrepreneurship of managers is widespread in business
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Marketing:: Marketing is conducted efficiently by enterprises
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Social responsibility:: Social responsibility of business leaders is high towards society
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Health, safety & environmental concerns:: Health, safety & environmental concerns are adequately addressed by management
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Attitudes and Values
Attitudes toward globalization:: Attitudes toward globalization are generally positive in your economy
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Image abroad:: The image abroad of your country/region encourages business development
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
National culture:: The national culture is open to foreign ideas
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Flexibility and adaptability:: Flexibility and adaptability of people in your economy are high when faced with new challenges
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Need for economic and social reforms:: The need for economic and social reforms is generally understood by people in your society
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Values of society:: Values of society support competitiveness
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Corporate values:: Corporate values take into account the values of employees
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Infrastructure
Basic Infrastructure
Land area:: Square kilometers ('000)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Arable area:: Square meters per capita
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Urbanization:: Urbanization of cities does not drain economic resources
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Population - market size:: Estimates in millions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Population under years:: Percentage of total population
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Population over 65 years:: Percentage of total population
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Dependency ratio:: Population under 15 and over 64 years old, divided by active population (15 to 64 years)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Roads:: Density of the network
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Railroads:: Density of the network
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Air transportation:: Number of passengers carried by main companies
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Quality of air transportation:: Quality of air transportation encourages business development in your economy
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Distribution infrastructure:: The distribution infrastructure of goods and services is generally efficient
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Water transportation:: Water transportation (harbors, canals, etc.) meets business requirements
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Maintenance and development:: Maintenance and development of infrastructure are adequately planned and financed
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
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- Year 2010
Energy infrastructure:: Energy infrastructure is adequate and efficient in your economy
- Year 2006
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- Year 2010
Total indigenous energy production:: Millions MTOE
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Total indigenous energy production per capita:: Millions MTOE per capita
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
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- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Total indigenous energy production:: Percentage of total requirements in tons of oil equivalent
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Total final energy consumption:: Millions MTOE
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Total final energy consumption per capita:: Millions MTOE per capita
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Energy intensity:: Commercial energy consumed for each dollar of GDP in kilojoules
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Electricity costs for industrial clients:: US$ per kwh
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Technological Infrastructure
Investment in telecommunications:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Fixed telephone lines:: Number of main lines per 1000 inhabitants
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
International fixed telephone costs:: US$ per 3 minutes in peak hours to USA (for USA to Europe)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Mobile telephone subscribers:: Number of subscribers per 1000 inhabitants
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Mobile telephone costs:: US$ per 3 minutes in peak hours (local)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Communications technology:: Communications technology (voice and data) meets business requirements
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Computers per capita:: Number of computers per 1000 people / Source:: Computer Industry Almanac
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Internet users:: Number of internet users per 1000 people / Source:: Computer Industry Almanac
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Internet costs:: Cost for hours dial-up per month, US$
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Broadband subscribers:: Number of subscribers per 1000 inhabitants
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Broadband costs:: US$ per 100 kbits/s per month
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Information technology skills:: Information technology skills are readily available
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
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- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Technological cooperation:: Technological cooperation is developed between companies
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
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- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Development and application of technology:: Development and application of technology are supported by the legal environment
- Year 2006
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- Year 2010
Funding for technological development:: Funding for technological development is generally sufficient
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
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- Year 2010
Technological regulation:: Technological regulation supports business development and innovation
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
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- Year 2009
- Year 2010
High-tech exports:: US$ millions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
High-tech exports:: Percentage of manufactured exports
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Cyber security:: Cyber security is being adequately addressed by corporations
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Scientific Infrastructure
Total expenditure on R&D:: US$ millions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Total expenditure on R&D:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Total expenditure on R&D per capita:: US$ per capita
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Business expenditure on R&D:: US$ millions
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Business expenditure on R&D:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Total R&D personnel nationwide:: Full-time work equivalent (FTE)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Total R&D personnel nationwide per capita:: Full-time work equivalent (FTE) per 1000 people
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Total R&D personnel in business enterprise:: Full-time work equivalent (FTE)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Total R&D personnel in business per capita:: Full-time work equivalent (FTE) per1000 people
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Basic research:: Basic research does enhance long-term economic development
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Science degrees:: Percentage of total first university degrees in science and engineering
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Scientific articles:: Scientific articles published by origin of author
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Science in schools:: Science in schools is sufficiently emphasized
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Youth interest in science:: Youth interest in science is strong
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Nobel prizes:: Awarded in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine and economics since 1950
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Nobel prizes per capita:: Awarded in physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine and economics since 1950 per mio people
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Patents granted to residents:: Number of patents granted to residents (average 2001 - 2003)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Securing patents abroad:: Number of patents secured abroad by country residents
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Intellectual property rights:: Intellectual property rights are adequately enforced
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Number of patents in force:: Per 100,000 inhabitants
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Patent productivity:: Patents granted to residents / R&D personnel in business ('000s)
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Legal environment:: The legal environment supports scientific research
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Health and Environment
Total health expenditure:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Public expenditure on health:: Percentage of total health expenditure
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Health infrastructure:: Health infrastructure meets the needs of society
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Life expectancy at birth:: Average estimate
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Healthy life expectancy:: Average estimate
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Medical assistance:: Number of inhabitants per physician and per nurse
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Urban population:: Percentage of total population
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Human development index:: Combines economic - social - educational indicators / Source:: Human Development Report
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Health problems (AIDS, alcohol, drug abuse, etc.):: Health problems (AIDS, alcohol, etc.) do not have a significant impact on companies
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Paper and cardboard recycling rate:: Percentage of apparent consumption
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Waste water treatment plants:: Percentage of population served
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Carbon dioxide emissions:: CO2 emissions in metric tons per one million US$ of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Ecological footprint:: Area units per person, hectares of biologically productive space
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Sustainable development:: Sustainable development is a priority in companies
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Pollution problems:: Pollution problems do not seriously affect your economy
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Environmental laws:: Environmental laws and compliance do not hinder the competitiveness of businesses
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Quality of life:: Quality of life is high
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Education
Total public expenditure on education:: Percentage of GDP
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Pupil-teacher ratio (primary education):: Ratio of students to teaching staff
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Pupil-teacher ratio (secondary education):: Ratio of students to teaching staff
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Secondary school enrollment:: Percentage of relevant age group receiving full-time education
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Higher education achievement:: Percentage of population that has attained at least tertiary education for persons 25 -34
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Educational assessment:: PISA survey of 15-year olds
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Educational system:: The educational system meets the needs of a competitive economy
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
University education:: University education meets the needs of a competitive economy
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Illiteracy:: Adult (over years) illiteracy rate as a percentage of population
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Economic literacy:: Economic literacy is generally high among the population
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Education in finance:: Education in finance does meet the needs of enterprises
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Language skills:: Language skills are meeting the needs of enterprises
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Qualified engineers:: Qualified engineers are available in your labor market
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
Knowledge transfer:: Knowledge transfer is highly developed between companies and universities
- Year 2006
- Year 2007
- Year 2008
- Year 2009
- Year 2010
