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{{Translations}}
This page looks at languages in terms of need in target countries, and availability in Linux.
This page looks at languages in terms of need in target countries, and availability in Linux.


== Core languages for OLPC ==
=Official Languages of Target Countries=


Volunteers are needed to translate software into the languages of OLPC target countries. See [[Pootle]] for details.
Data on official languages from both


These are languages important for our [[firmware messages]], [[Sugar messages]], interface strings for core activities, key web pages, and the like:
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_official_languages_by_country Wikipedia Official Languages by Country]
* [http://www.ethnologue.org/ Ethnologue]


=== According to deployments ===
These sources often do not agree. The view on this page is that the more inclusive definition should be used, combining languages on both lists. Even if a language listed here is not formally adopted as an official language in the country of use, it is important enough for our purposes.
The [[Deployments]] page lists actual deployments and the primary languages they use,
but these are restricted to values allowed for [[Property:Language spoken]].


According to [[Deployments]], here are the primary languages in use in actual deployments of more than 500 laptops:
* Argentina
{{#ask: [[Number of manufactured laptops::>499]]
**Spanish
|?Language spoken
**Guarani (Corrientes and Misiones)
|?
|format=list
|sort=Number of manufactured laptops
|order=descending
|headers=hide
|mainlabel=-
|default=Nothing with [[Property:Number of manufactured laptops]] > 499?!
}}


=== According a notion of "Tiers" ===
National or official language: Spanish.


:'''Tier 1''': [[Spanish]] (es), [[English]] (en), [[Portuguese]] (pt)
Living languages: 25
:'''Tier 2''': [[Arabic]] (ar), [[Amharic]] (am), [[French]] (fr), [[Hebrew]] (he), [[Hindi]] (hi), [[Russian]] (ru), [[Thai]] (th)
:'''Tier 3''': [[Hausa]] (ha), [[Igbo]] (ig), [[Yoruba]] (yo), [[Kazakh]] (kk), [[Mongolian]] (mn), [[Nepali]] (ne), [[Marathi]] (mr), [[Romanian]] (ro), [[Turkish]] (tr), [[Urdu]] (ur)
:'''Tier 4''': [[Dari]] (prs) (Eastern [[Farsi]] (fa)), [[German]] (de), [[Italian]] (it), [[Korean]] (ko), [[Pashto]] (ps), [[Uzbek]] (uz), [[Chinese]] (zh), [[Khmer]] (km) ''other languages with [[OLPC Keyboard layouts|keyboards]]'', ''other official languages of green countries''
:'''other''': [[Greek]] (el), [[Croatian]] (hr), [[Indonesian]] (id), [[Dutch]] (nl), [[Newari]] (new), ''other official languages of red countries''
:'''[[G1G1 2007|2007 Give One, Get One]] countries''' (not listed above): [[Kreyol Aiysyen]] (ht), [[Kinyarwanda]] (rw), [[Hazaragi]] (haz)


=== According to Pootle ===
* Brazil
http://dev.laptop.org/translate/languages/
**Portuguese
lists the languages available in the OLPC Translation System , which presumably have some fraction of strings translated.


=== According to 2007 "green" countries ===
National or official language: Portuguese.
<small>
'''According to the obsolete list of "green" countries (see [[OLPC status by country in 2007]], the languages for pilots back in 2007 were:
: {{Status green languages}}
</small>


Living languages: 188
== Partner country official languages ==


Data on official languages from both [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_official_languages_by_country Wikipedia] and [http://www.ethnologue.org/ Ethnologue].
* China, People's Republic of
**Cantonese (de facto in Hong Kong and Macau)
**English (in Hong Kong)
**Kazakh (in Ili Kazakh)
**Korean (in Changbai and Yanbian)
**Mandarin (locally know as Putonghua) (statewide, except in Hong Kong and Macau where it has de facto official status)
**Mongolian (in Inner Mongolia)
**Portuguese (in Macau)
**Tajik (in Taxkorgan)
**Tibetan (in Tibet)
**Uyghur (in Xinjiang)
**Zhuang (in Guangxi)


These sources often do not agree. The view on this page is that the more inclusive definition should be used, combining languages on both lists. Even if a language listed here is not formally adopted as an official language in the country of use, it is important enough for our purposes.
National or official languages: Mandarin Chinese, regional languages: Daur, Kalmyk-Oirat, Lu, Peripheral Mongolian, Central Tibetan, Uyghur, Xibe, Northern Zhuang.

Living languages: 235

* Egypt
**Arabic

National or official languages: Standard Arabic, Egyptian Spoken Arabic.

Living languages: 11

* India
** Assamese (in Assam)
** Bengali (in Tripura and West Bengal)
** Bodo (in Assam)
** Dogri (in Jammu and Kashmir)
** English (statewide)
** Gujarati (in Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Daman and Diu, and Gujarat)
** Hindi (statewide)
** Kannada (in Karnataka)
** Kashmiri (in Jammu and Kashmir)
** Konkani (in Goa)
** Maithili (in Bihar)
** Malayalam (in Kerala, Pondicherry and Lakshadweep)
** Meitei (in Manipur)
** Marathi (in Maharashtra)
** Nepali (in Sikkim)
** Oriya (in Orissa)
** Punjabi (in Punjab)
** Sanskrit (statewide)
** Santali (in Jharkhand)
** Sindhi (in Jammu and Kashmir)
** Tamil (in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry)
** Telugu (in Andhra Pradesh and Pondicherry)
** Urdu (in Jammu and Kashmir)
** French (Only in Pondicherry Union Territory)

There are 22 official 'scheduled' languages: Assamese, Bengali, Bodo, Dogri, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Kashmiri, Konkani, Maithili, Malayalam, Marathi, Meitei, Nepali, Oriya, Eastern Panjabi, Sanskrit, Santali, Sindhi, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu.


List from [[OLPC_world_map]] of launch countries, as of 16:53, 12 October 2007 (EDT): Argentina, Brazil, Ethiopia, India, Libya, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Thailand, Uruguay & USA.
Living languages: 415


{|
* Libya
|-
** Arabic
!Country!!Official!!Other Language(s)!!Region(s)

|-
National or official language: Standard Arabic.
![[OLPC Argentina|Argentina]]

Living languages: 9
||[[Spanish]]||''living languages: 25''
|-

||||||Guarani||Corrientes, Misiones
* Nigeria
|-
**English
![[OLPC Brazil|Brazil]]
**Hausa (national)
||[[Portuguese]]||''living languages: 188''
**Yoruba (national)
|-
**Igbo (national)
![[OLPC China|China,<br> People's Republic of]]
National or official languages: Edo, Efik, Adamawa Fulfulde, Hausa, Idoma, Igbo, Central Kanuri, Yoruba, English.
||Mandarin<br><font size="1">(aka Putonghua)</font>||''living languages: 235''

|-
Living languages: 510
||||||Cantonese||Hong Kong, Macau (de facto)

|-
* Thailand
||||||[[English]]||Hong Kong
**Thai
|-

||||||Kazakh||Ili Kazakh
National or official language: Thai.
|-

||||||[[Korean]]||Changbai, Yanbian
Living languages: 74
|-
||||||[[Mongolian]]||Inner Mongolia
|-
||||||[[Portuguese]]||Macau
|-
||||||Tajik||Taxkorgan
|-
||||||[[Tibetan]]||Tibet
|-
||||||Uyghur||Xinjiang
|-
||||||Zhuang||Guangxi
|-
||||||Daur||- regional -
|-
||||||Kalmyk-Oirat||- regional -
|-
||||||Lu||- regional -
|-
||||||Peripheral Mongolian||- regional -
|-
||||||Central Tibetan||- regional -
|-
||||||Uyghur||- regional -
|-
||||||Xibe||- regional -
|-
||||||Northern Zhuang||- regional -
|-
![[OLPC Egypt|Egypt]]
||(Egyptian) [[Arabic]]||''living languages: 11''
|-
![[OLPC India|India]]
||[[Hindi]]<br>[[English]]||''living languages: 415''
|-
||||''sheduled official''||Assamese||Assam
|-
||||''sheduled official''||[[Bengali]]||Tripura, West Bengal
|-
||||''sheduled official''||Bodo||Assam
|-
||||''sheduled official''||Dogri||Jammu, Kashmir
|-
||||''sheduled official''||[[Gujarati]]||Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Daman, Diu, Gujarat
|-
||||''sheduled official''||[[Kannada]]||Karnataka
|-
||||''sheduled official''||Kashmiri||Jammu, Kashmir
|-
||||''sheduled official''||Konkani||Goa
|-
||||''sheduled official''||Maithili||Bihar
|-
||||''sheduled official''||[[Malayalam]]||Kerala, Pondicherry, Lakshadweep
|-
||||||Meitei||Manipur
|-
||||''sheduled official''||[[Marathi]]||Maharashtra
|-
||||''sheduled official''||[[Nepali]]||Sikkim
|-
||||''sheduled official''||[[Oriya]]||Orissa
|-
||||''sheduled official''||[[Punjabi]]||Punjab
|-
||||||Sanskrit||''classical learning language''
|-
||||''sheduled official''||Santali||Jharkhand
|-
||||''sheduled official''||[[Sindhi]]||Jammu, Kashmir
|-
||||''sheduled official''||[[Tamil]]||Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry
|-
||||''sheduled official''||[[Telugu]]||Andhra Pradesh, Pondicherry
|-
||||''sheduled official''||Urdu||Jammu, Kashmir
|-
||||||[[French]]||Pondicherry Union Territory - only
|-
![[Libya]]
||[[Arabic]] (std)||''living languages: 9''
|-
![[OLPC Nigeria|Nigeria]]
||[[Hausa]]<br>[[Igbo]]<br>[[Yoruba]]<br>[[English]]||''living languages: 510''
|-
||||''widely used''||Adamawa, Edo, Efik, Fulfulde, Idoma, (central) Kanuri
|-
![[OLPC_Peru|Perú]]
|| ||
|-
![[Rwanda]]
||[[Kinyarwanda]]<br>[[French]]<br>[[English]]||''living languages: 3''<font size="1"><br>Source: [http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=RW Ethnologue]</font>
|-
![[OLPC Thailand|Thailand]]
||[[Thai]]||''living languages: 74''
|-
![[OLPC Uruguay|Uruguay]]
||[[Spanish]]||
|-
|}


=Languages in Target Countries=
=Languages in Target Countries=
Line 131: Line 203:
===(ru) [[Russian]] ===
===(ru) [[Russian]] ===
'''Users and translators''': See [[:Category:User ru]]
'''Users and translators''': See [[:Category:User ru]]

===(uk) [[Ukrainian]] ===
'''Users and translators''': See [[:Category:User uk]]


==East and Central Asia==
==East and Central Asia==
Line 144: Line 219:
===(ja) [[Japanese]] ===
===(ja) [[Japanese]] ===
'''Users and translators''': See [[:Category:User ja]]
'''Users and translators''': See [[:Category:User ja]]

===(ko) [[Korean]] ===
'''Users and translators''': See [[:Category:User ko]]


===(mn) [[Mongolian]] ===
===(mn) [[Mongolian]] ===
Line 176: Line 254:
===(or) [[Oriya]] ===
===(or) [[Oriya]] ===
'''Users and translators''': See [[:Category:User or]]
'''Users and translators''': See [[:Category:User or]]

===(ps) [[Pashto]] ===
'''Users and translators''': See [[:Category:User ps]]


===(pa) [[Punjabi]] ===
===(pa) [[Punjabi]] ===
Line 208: Line 289:
'''Users and translators''': See [[:Category:User ar]]
'''Users and translators''': See [[:Category:User ar]]


= i18n & l10n =
=Linux Localizations=
See also [[Locales]], [[Keyboard Layouts]]


The following table is focused on the list of languages present in the currently 'green status' countries ({{Status green countries}}). Countries with other 'status' may benefit from efforts for the 'green languages', plus add their own set of languages. Each language must be fully supported for the [[Localization]] effort.
Linux localization is complex. Several major components, including Mozilla, KDE, and OpenOffice, provide their own localizations. When a distribution of Linux is released in a particular language, it may be a limited subset of applications and of documentation that is supported. A number of languages are routinely supported in most distributions, while for other languages there may be only one or very few distributions including it.


{| border="1" cellspacing="0"
One of the best resources for language support is the L10n section of the Mandriva Linux Web site. [http://www1.mandrivalinux.com/l10n/teams.php3 Mandriva Linux Localization Teams] includes groups working on the following languages. However, there are many Linux localization projects independent of any of the major distributions.


|-
* (af) Afrikaans
! Language !! Green Countries !! Red Countries !! Orange
* (am) Amharic
* (ar) Arabic
* (az) Azerbaijani
* (be) Belarussian
* (bg) Bulgarian
* (bn) Bengali
* (br) Breton
* (bs) Bosnian
* (ca) Catalan
* (cs) Czech
* (cy) Cymraeg (Welsh)
* (da) Danish
* (de) German
* (el) Greek
* (eo) Esperanto
* (es) Spanish
* (et) Estonian
* (eu) Euskara (Basque)
* (fa) Farsi (Iranian)
* (fi) Suomi (Finnish)
* (fr) French
* (fur) Furlan
* (ga) Gaeilge (Irish Gaelic)
* (gl) Galician
* (he) Hebrew
* (hi) Hindi
* (hr) Croatian
* (hu) Hungarian
* (hy) Armenian
* (id) Indonesian
* (is) Icelandic
* (it) Italian
* (ja) Japanese
* (ka) Georgian
* (kn) Kannada
* (ko) Korean
* (ku) Kurdish
* (ky) Kyrgyz
* (lo) Lao
* (lt) Lithuanian
* (ltg) Latgalian
* (lv) Latvian
* (mk) Macedonian
* (mn) Mongolian
* (ms) Malay
* (mt) Maltese
* (nl) Dutch
* (nb) Norwegian Bokmål
* (nn) Norwegian Nynorsk
* (pa_IN) Punjabi (in gurmukhi script)
* (pl) Polish
* (pt) Portuguese (Portugal)
* (pt_BR) Brazilian Portuguese
* (ro) Romanian
* (ru) Russian
* (sc) Sardinian
* (sk) Slovakian
* (sl) Slovenian
* (sq) Albanian (Shqip)
* (sr) Serbian
* (sv) Swedish
* (ta) Tamil
* (tg) Tajiki
* (th) Thai
* (tk) Turkmen
* (tl) Filipino (Tagalog)
* (tr) Turkish
* (uk) Ukrainian
* (ur) Urdu
* (uz) Uzbekian
* (vi) Vietnamese
* (wa) Walloon
* (zh_CN) Chinese (simplified)
* (zh_TW) Chinese (traditional)


|- valign="top"
Other Linux localization projects are listed on pages in this Wiki for the languages concerned. It would be useful to link to them from this page.
| [[Arabic]]
| [[OLPC Libya|Libya]]
|
| <font size="-1">Bahrain, [[OLPC Egypt|Egypt]], Iraq ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irak +]), [[OLPC Israel|Israel]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israel +]), Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lebanon#Languages +]), Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Sudan ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudan#Official_languages +]), Syria ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria#Languages +]), Tunisia, Yemen</font>

|- valign="top"
| [[English]]
| [[OLPC Nigeria|Nigeria]],<br>[[OLPC Rwanda|Rwanda]],<br>[[OLPC USA|USA]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA#Languages +])
| <font size="-1">Belize ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belize +]), [[OLPC Pakistan|Pakistan]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan +]), [[OLPC Philippines|Philippines]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines#Languages +])</font>
| <font size="-1">Canada ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada +]), Gambia, Guyana, [[OLPC India|India]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India +]), [[OLPC Kenya|Kenya]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya +]), Mauritius ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauritius +]), Namibia ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia +]), Saint Kitts and Nevis, Sierra Leone, Singapore ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singapore#Languages +]), [[OLPC South Africa|South Africa]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Africa#Languages +]), St. Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uganda +]), Zimbabwe ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe#Language +])</font>

|- valign="top"
| [[French]]
| [[OLPC Rwanda|Rwanda]]
| <font size="-1">Haiti ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haitian_Creole_language +])</font>
| <font size="-1">[[OLPC Benin|Benin]], Cameroon ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameroon +]), Democratic Republic of the Congo ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo#Languages +]), Gabon, Mali, Niger, Senegal, St. Martin ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Martin +]), Togo</font>

|- valign="top"
| [[Hausa]]
| [[OLPC Nigeria|Nigeria]]

|- valign="top"
| [[Igbo]]
| [[OLPC Nigeria|Nigeria]]

|- valign="top"
| [[Kinyarwanda]]
| [[OLPC Rwanda|Rwanda]]

|- valign="top"
| [[Portuguese]]
| [[OLPC Brazil|Brazil]]
| <font size="-1">Angola</font>
| <font size="-1">Mozambique, Portugal, São Tomé and Príncipe</font>

|- valign="top"
| [[Spanish]]
| [[OLPC Argentina|Argentina]],<br>[[OLPC Peru|Peru]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru +]),<br>[[OLPC Uruguay|Uruguay]],<br>[[OLPC USA|USA]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USA#Languages +])
| <font size="-1">Belize, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guatemala#Language +]), Honduras, [[OLPC Mexico|México]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico#Languages +]), Nicaragua, Panamá, [[OLPC Colombia|Colombia]]</font>
| <font size="-1">Bolivia ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolivia +]), [[OLPC Chile|Chile]], Cuba, [[OLPC Ecuador|Ecuador]], Paraguay ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraguay +]), Puerto Rico ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puerto_Rico#Languages +]), Spain ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spain#Languages +]), Venezuela ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuela +])</font>

|- valign="top"
| [[Thai]]
| [[OLPC Thailand|Thailand]]

|- valign="top"
| [[Yoruba]]
| [[OLPC Nigeria|Nigeria]]

|- valign="top"
| colspan="2" | Other non-green languages
| <font size="-1">[[OLPC Ethiopia|Ethiopia]], Indonesia, [[OLPC Philippines|Philippines]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippines#Languages +]), [[OLPC Pakistan|Pakistan]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan +]), Vietnam</font>
| <font size="-1">Afghanistan, [[OLPC Albania|Albania]], Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, [[OLPC Bhutan|Bhutan]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhutan +]), Bosnia and Herzegovina, [[OLPC Cambodia|Cambodia]], [[OLPC China|China]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China#Languages +]), Croatia, [[OLPC Cyprus|Cyprus]], Eritrea, Estonia, Georgia, [[OLPC Greece|Greece]], Hungary, Iceland, [[OLPC India|India]] ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India +]), Iran, Italy, [[OLPC Japan|Japan]], Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malaysia, Moldova, [[OLPC Mongolia|Mongolia]], Romania, [[OLPC Russia|Russia]], Slovenia, [[OLPC Korea|South Korea]], [[OLPC Sri Lanka|Sri Lanka]], Tajikistan, Tanzania, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vatican City</font>

|}


The following table presents on a per country base the target languages that must be considered for the [[Localization]] effort of the countries with 'green status' ({{Status green countries}}).

{| style="text-align:top; "

|- style="background:grey; "
! Country !! Target Languages !! Major/important languages !! Minor/relevant languages

|- valign="top"
| [[OLPC Argentina|Argentina]]<font size="-1"><br>[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=AR EthnologueAR]</font>
| [spa] [[Spanish]]
| <font size="-1">[quh] Quechua (0.85M - 2.1%)</font>
| See [[OLPC Argentina/Languages]]

|- valign="top" style="background:lightgrey; "
| [[OLPC Brazil|Brazil]]<font size="-1"><br>[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=BR EthnologueBR]</font>
| [por] [[Portuguese]]
| colspan="2" | ''none reported by [http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=BR Ethnologue BR] above 50,000 speakers.''

|- valign="top"
| [[OLPC Ethiopia|Ethiopia]]<font size="-1"><br>[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=ET EthnologueET]</font>
| [amh] [[Amharic language|Amharic]], <br>[eng] [[English language|English]], <br>[tir] [[Tigrigna language]]
| <font size="-1">{{Pending|see ethnologue}}</font>
| <font size="-1">{{Pending|see ethnologue}}</font>

|- valign="top" style="background:lightgrey; "
| [[OLPC India|India]]<font size="-1"><br>[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=IN EthnologueIN]</font>
| {{Pending|see ethnologue}}
| <font size="-1">{{Pending|see ethnologue}}</font>
| <font size="-1">{{Pending|see ethnologue}}</font>

|- valign="top"
| [[OLPC Libya|Libya]]<font size="-1"><br>[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=LY EthnologueLY]</font>
| [arb] [[Arabic|Arabic, Standard]]
| <font size="-1">[ayl] Arabic, Libyan Spoken (4.2M - 75%),<br>[jbn] Nafusi (0.14M - 2.5%)</font>
| <font size="-1">[rmt] Domari (0.03M - 0.6%)</font>

|- valign="top" style="background:lightgrey; "
| [[OLPC Nepal|Nepal]]<font size="-1"><br>[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=NP EthnologueNP]</font>
| {{Pending|see ethnologue}}
| <font size="-1">{{Pending|see ethnologue}}</font>
| <font size="-1">{{Pending|see ethnologue}}</font>

|- valign="top"
| [[OLPC Nigeria|Nigeria]]<font size="-1"><br>[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=NG EthnologueNG]</font>
| [eng] [[English]],<br>[hau] [[Hausa]]<font size="-1"><br>&mdash;(18.5M - 13.5%)</font>,<br>[yor] [[Yoruba]]<font size="-1"><br>&mdash;(18.9M - 13.8%)</font>
| <font size="-1">[bin] [[Edo]] (1.0M - 0.7%) official,<br>[efi] [[Efik]] (0.4M - 0.3%) official,<br>[fub] [[Adamawa Fulfulde|Fulfulde, Adamawa]] (7.6M - 5.6%) official,<br>[fuv] Fulfulde, Nigerian (1.7M - 1.2%),<br>[ibb] Ibibio (1.5M to 2.0M - 1.0-1.5%),<br>[idu] [[Idoma]] (0.6M - 0.4%) official,<br>[ibo] [[Igbo]] (18.0M - 13.1%) official,<br>[knc] [[Central Kanuri|Kanuri, Central]] (3.0M - 2.2%) official,<br>[tiv] Tiv (2.2M - 1.6%)</font>
| See [[OLPC Nigeria/Languages]]

|- valign="top" style="background:lightgrey; "
| [[OLPC Pakistan|Pakistan]]<font size="-1"><br>[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=PK EthnologuePK]</font>
| {{Pending|see ethnologue}}
| <font size="-1">{{Pending|see ethnologue}}</font>
| <font size="-1">{{Pending|see ethnologue}}</font>

|- valign="top"
| [[OLPC Peru|Peru]]<font size="-1"><br>[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=PE EthnologueNG]</font>
| [spa] [[Spanish]]
| <font size="-1">''pending''</font>
| See [[OLPC Peru/Languages]]

|- valign="top" style="background:lightgrey; "
| [[OLPC Romania|Romania]]<font size="-1"><br>[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=RO EthnologueRO]</font>
| {{Pending|see ethnologue}}
| <font size="-1">{{Pending|see ethnologue}}</font>
| <font size="-1">{{Pending|see ethnologue}}</font>

|- valign="top"
| [[OLPC Russia|Russia]]<font size="-1"><br>[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=RU EthnologueRU]</font>
| {{Pending|see ethnologue}}
| <font size="-1">{{Pending|see ethnologue}}</font>
| <font size="-1">{{Pending|see ethnologue}}</font>

|- valign="top" style="background:lightgrey; "
| [[OLPC Rwanda|Rwanda]]<font size="-1"><br>[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=RW EthnologueRW]</font>
| [kin] [[Kinyarwanda]],<br>[fra] [[French]],<br>[eng] [[English]]
| <font size="-1">[swh] Swahili (0.01M - 1.3%)
|

|- valign="top"
| [[OLPC Thailand|Thailand]]<font size="-1"><br>[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=TH EthnologueTH]</font>
| [[Thai]] (dialects?)
| <font size="-1">[nan] Chinese, Min Nan (1.1M - 1.7%),<br>[kxm] Khmer, Northern (1.1M - 1.8%),<br>[mfa] Malay, Pattani (3.1M - 4.8%),<br>[tha] Thai (20.2M - 32%),<br>[tts] Thai, Northeastern (15.0M - 23%),<br>[nod] Thai, Northern (6.0M - 9.2%),<br>[sou] Thai, Southern (5.0M - 7.7%)</font>
| <font size="-1">[ksw] Karen, S'gaw (0.3M - 0.5%),<br>[kdt] Kuy (0.3M - 0.5%)</font>

|- valign="top" style="background:lightgrey; "
| [[OLPC Uruguay|Uruguay]]<font size="-1"><br>[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=UY EthnologueUY]</font>
| [spa] [[Spanish]]
| colspan="2" | ''none other reported by [http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=UY Ethnologue UY]''

|- valign="top"
| [[OLPC USA|USA]]<font size="-1"><br>[http://www.ethnologue.org/show_country.asp?name=US EthnologueUS]</font>
| [eng] [[English]]
| <font size="-1">[spa] Spanish (22.4M - 7.5%),<br>[___] Polish (3.4M - 1.1%),<br>[deu] German, Standard (6.1M - 2.0%),<br>[___] Arabic (3.0M - 1.0%)</font>
| <font size="-1">[___] Armenian (1.1M - 0.4%),<br>[___] Chinese (1.6M - 0.5%),<br>[___] Czech (1.5M - 0.5%),<br>[___] Eastern Yiddish (1.3M - 0.4%),<br>[___] French (1.1M - 0.4%),<br>[frc] French, Cajun (1.0M - 0.3%),<br>[hwc] Hawai'i Creole English (0.6M - 0.2%),<br>[___] Italian (0.9M - 0.3%),<br>[___] Japanese (0.8M - 0.3%),<br>[___] Korean (1.8M - 0.6%),<br>[___] Philippines (1.4M - 0.5%),<br>[___] Portuguese (1.3M - 0.4%),<br>[___] Swedish (0.6M - 0.2%),<br>[___] Ukrainian (0.8M - 0.3%),<br>[___] Vietnamese (0.9M - 0.3%),<br>[___] Vlax Romani (0.7M - 0.2%),<br>[___] Western Farsi (0.9M - 0.3%)</font>
|}


=External Links=
=External Links=
* [http://www.ethnologue.org/ Data on all known human languages]
* [http://www.ethnologue.org/ Ethnologue] Data on all known human languages
* [http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/langcodes.html ISO two-letter language codes]
* [http://www.omniglot.com/ Omniglot database on languages]
* [http://www.loc.gov/standards/iso639-2/php/code_list.php ISO two-letter language codes]
* [http://www.edurussian.com Study in Russia] Provides details on education in
Russia, preparatory training in university, and Russian language courses


==See Also==
* [[Linux language support]]
* [[ISO 639]]

[[Category:Language support]]
[[Category:languages (international)| ]]

Latest revision as of 08:14, 13 January 2013

  english | 日本語 HowTo [ID# 279178]  +/-  

This page looks at languages in terms of need in target countries, and availability in Linux.

Core languages for OLPC

Volunteers are needed to translate software into the languages of OLPC target countries. See Pootle for details.

These are languages important for our firmware messages, Sugar messages, interface strings for core activities, key web pages, and the like:

According to deployments

The Deployments page lists actual deployments and the primary languages they use, but these are restricted to values allowed for Property:Language spoken.

According to Deployments, here are the primary languages in use in actual deployments of more than 500 laptops: {{#ask: [[Number of manufactured laptops::>499]] 

 |?Language spoken
 |?
 |format=list
 |sort=Number of manufactured laptops
 |order=descending
 |headers=hide
 |mainlabel=-
 |default=Nothing with Property:Number of manufactured laptops > 499?!

}}

According a notion of "Tiers"

Tier 1: Spanish (es), English (en), Portuguese (pt)
Tier 2: Arabic (ar), Amharic (am), French (fr), Hebrew (he), Hindi (hi), Russian (ru), Thai (th)
Tier 3: Hausa (ha), Igbo (ig), Yoruba (yo), Kazakh (kk), Mongolian (mn), Nepali (ne), Marathi (mr), Romanian (ro), Turkish (tr), Urdu (ur)
Tier 4: Dari (prs) (Eastern Farsi (fa)), German (de), Italian (it), Korean (ko), Pashto (ps), Uzbek (uz), Chinese (zh), Khmer (km) other languages with keyboards, other official languages of green countries
other: Greek (el), Croatian (hr), Indonesian (id), Dutch (nl), Newari (new), other official languages of red countries
2007 Give One, Get One countries (not listed above): Kreyol Aiysyen (ht), Kinyarwanda (rw), Hazaragi (haz)

According to Pootle

http://dev.laptop.org/translate/languages/ lists the languages available in the OLPC Translation System , which presumably have some fraction of strings translated.

According to 2007 "green" countries

According to the obsolete list of "green" countries (see OLPC status by country in 2007, the languages for pilots back in 2007 were:

Amharic, Arabic, English, Spanish, French, Hausa, Hindi, Igbo, Nepali, Portuguese, Romanian, Russian, Kinyarwanda, Thai, Urdu, & Yoruba

Partner country official languages

Data on official languages from both Wikipedia and Ethnologue.

These sources often do not agree. The view on this page is that the more inclusive definition should be used, combining languages on both lists. Even if a language listed here is not formally adopted as an official language in the country of use, it is important enough for our purposes.

List from OLPC_world_map of launch countries, as of 16:53, 12 October 2007 (EDT): Argentina, Brazil, Ethiopia, India, Libya, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Thailand, Uruguay & USA.

Country Official Other Language(s) Region(s)
Argentina Spanish living languages: 25
Guarani Corrientes, Misiones
Brazil Portuguese living languages: 188
China,
People's Republic of 		Mandarin
(aka Putonghua)		 living languages: 235
Cantonese Hong Kong, Macau (de facto)
English Hong Kong
Kazakh Ili Kazakh
Korean Changbai, Yanbian
Mongolian Inner Mongolia
Portuguese Macau
Tajik Taxkorgan
Tibetan Tibet
Uyghur Xinjiang
Zhuang Guangxi
Daur - regional -
Kalmyk-Oirat - regional -
Lu - regional -
Peripheral Mongolian - regional -
Central Tibetan - regional -
Uyghur - regional -
Xibe - regional -
Northern Zhuang - regional -
Egypt (Egyptian) Arabic living languages: 11
India Hindi
English		 living languages: 415
sheduled official Assamese Assam
sheduled official Bengali Tripura, West Bengal
sheduled official Bodo Assam
sheduled official Dogri Jammu, Kashmir
sheduled official Gujarati Dadra, Nagar Haveli, Daman, Diu, Gujarat
sheduled official Kannada Karnataka
sheduled official Kashmiri Jammu, Kashmir
sheduled official Konkani Goa
sheduled official Maithili Bihar
sheduled official Malayalam Kerala, Pondicherry, Lakshadweep
Meitei Manipur
sheduled official Marathi Maharashtra
sheduled official Nepali Sikkim
sheduled official Oriya Orissa
sheduled official Punjabi Punjab
Sanskrit classical learning language
sheduled official Santali Jharkhand
sheduled official Sindhi Jammu, Kashmir
sheduled official Tamil Tamil Nadu, Pondicherry
sheduled official Telugu Andhra Pradesh, Pondicherry
sheduled official Urdu Jammu, Kashmir
French Pondicherry Union Territory - only
Libya Arabic (std) living languages: 9
Nigeria Hausa
Igbo
Yoruba
English		 living languages: 510
widely used Adamawa, Edo, Efik, Fulfulde, Idoma, (central) Kanuri
Perú
Rwanda Kinyarwanda
French
English		 living languages: 3
Source: Ethnologue
Thailand Thai living languages: 74
Uruguay Spanish

Languages in Target Countries

Lists of languages of countries in discussions with OLPC, with links to priorities and status of OLPC-related language work in each, where available. All of these languages except Mongolian in its traditional alphabet can be entered, viewed, and printed in most distributions of Linux. Language support from one distribution can be easily added to almost any other. There are local OLPC organizations in several other countries.

Hausa, Igbo, and Yoruba (the most important three of the eight official languages of Nigeria other than English) lack further support, including native keyboard layouts and locales. Mongolian is currently supported only in Cyrillic, not in its traditional alphabet.

Europe and America

(en) English

Primary source language for the Internet, and for high-tech in general. Easier to describe materials for which this is not true in this section.

Users and translators: See Category:User en

(fr) French

Users and translators: See Category:User fr

(de) German

Users and translators: See Category:User de

(pt) Portuguese

Main dialects: Brazilian and continental

Users and translators: See Category:User pt

(es) Spanish

Users and translators: See Category:User es

(ru) Russian

Users and translators: See Category:User ru

(uk) Ukrainian

Users and translators: See Category:User uk

East and Central Asia

(ru) Russian

Users and translators: See Category:User ru

(zh) Chinese

Main written dialects: simplified and traditional

Users and translators: See Category:User zh

(ja) Japanese

Users and translators: See Category:User ja

(ko) Korean

Users and translators: See Category:User ko

(mn) Mongolian

Users and translators: See Category:User mn

(bo) Tibetan

Users and translators: See Category:User bo

South Asia

(bn) Bengali

Users and translators: See Category:User bn

(gu) Gujarati

Users and translators: See Category:User gu

(hi) Hindi

Users and translators: See Category:User hi

(kn) Kannada

Users and translators: See Category:User kn

(ml) Malayalam

Users and translators: See Category:User ml

(mr) Marathi

Users and translators: See Category:User mr

(np) Nepali

Users and translators: See Category:User np

(or) Oriya

Users and translators: See Category:User or

(ps) Pashto

Users and translators: See Category:User ps

(pa) Punjabi

Users and translators: See Category:User pa

(ta) Tamil

Users and translators: See Category:User ta

(te) Telugu

Users and translators: See Category:User te

(th) Thai

Users and translators: See Category:User th

Sub-Saharan Africa

(ha) Hausa

Users and translators: See Category:User ha

(ig) Igbo

Users and translators: See Category:User ig

(yo) Yoruba

Users and translators: See Category:User yo

(rw) Kinyarwanda

Users and translators: See Category:User rw

Middle East and North Africa

(ar) Arabic

Users and translators: See Category:User ar

i18n & l10n

The following table is focused on the list of languages present in the currently 'green status' countries (Argentina, Brazil, Ethiopia, India, Libya, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Thailand, United States, Uruguay). Countries with other 'status' may benefit from efforts for the 'green languages', plus add their own set of languages. Each language must be fully supported for the Localization effort.

Language Green Countries Red Countries Orange
Arabic Libya Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq (+), Israel (+), Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon (+), Morocco, Oman, Palestine, Saudi Arabia, Sudan (+), Syria (+), Tunisia, Yemen
English Nigeria,
Rwanda,
USA (+) 		Belize (+), Pakistan (+), Philippines (+) Canada (+), Gambia, Guyana, India (+), Kenya (+), Mauritius (+), Namibia (+), Saint Kitts and Nevis, Sierra Leone, Singapore (+), South Africa (+), St. Lucia, Trinidad and Tobago, Uganda (+), Zimbabwe (+)
French Rwanda Haiti (+) Benin, Cameroon (+), Democratic Republic of the Congo (+), Gabon, Mali, Niger, Senegal, St. Martin (+), Togo
Hausa Nigeria
Igbo Nigeria
Kinyarwanda Rwanda
Portuguese Brazil Angola Mozambique, Portugal, São Tomé and Príncipe
Spanish Argentina,
Peru (+),
Uruguay,
USA (+) 		Belize, Costa Rica, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala (+), Honduras, México (+), Nicaragua, Panamá, Colombia Bolivia (+), Chile, Cuba, Ecuador, Paraguay (+), Puerto Rico (+), Spain (+), Venezuela (+)
Thai Thailand
Yoruba Nigeria
Other non-green languages Ethiopia, Indonesia, Philippines (+), Pakistan (+), Vietnam Afghanistan, Albania, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Bangladesh, Bhutan (+), Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, China (+), Croatia, Cyprus, Eritrea, Estonia, Georgia, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India (+), Iran, Italy, Japan, Kyrgyzstan, Latvia, Lithuania, Macedonia, Malaysia, Moldova, Mongolia, Romania, Russia, Slovenia, South Korea, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Turkey, Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Vatican City


The following table presents on a per country base the target languages that must be considered for the Localization effort of the countries with 'green status' (Argentina, Brazil, Ethiopia, India, Libya, Nepal, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru, Romania, Russia, Rwanda, Thailand, United States, Uruguay).

Country Target Languages Major/important languages Minor/relevant languages
Argentina
EthnologueAR 		[spa] Spanish [quh] Quechua (0.85M - 2.1%) See OLPC Argentina/Languages
Brazil
EthnologueBR 		[por] Portuguese none reported by Ethnologue BR above 50,000 speakers.
Ethiopia
EthnologueET 		[amh] Amharic,
[eng] English,
[tir] Tigrigna language 		see ethnologue see ethnologue
India
EthnologueIN 		see ethnologue see ethnologue see ethnologue
Libya
EthnologueLY 		[arb] Arabic, Standard [ayl] Arabic, Libyan Spoken (4.2M - 75%),
[jbn] Nafusi (0.14M - 2.5%) 		[rmt] Domari (0.03M - 0.6%)
Nepal
EthnologueNP 		see ethnologue see ethnologue see ethnologue
Nigeria
EthnologueNG 		[eng] English,
[hau] Hausa
—(18.5M - 13.5%),
[yor] Yoruba
—(18.9M - 13.8%) 		[bin] Edo (1.0M - 0.7%) official,
[efi] Efik (0.4M - 0.3%) official,
[fub] Fulfulde, Adamawa (7.6M - 5.6%) official,
[fuv] Fulfulde, Nigerian (1.7M - 1.2%),
[ibb] Ibibio (1.5M to 2.0M - 1.0-1.5%),
[idu] Idoma (0.6M - 0.4%) official,
[ibo] Igbo (18.0M - 13.1%) official,
[knc] Kanuri, Central (3.0M - 2.2%) official,
[tiv] Tiv (2.2M - 1.6%) 		See OLPC Nigeria/Languages
Pakistan
EthnologuePK 		see ethnologue see ethnologue see ethnologue
Peru
EthnologueNG 		[spa] Spanish pending See OLPC Peru/Languages
Romania
EthnologueRO 		see ethnologue see ethnologue see ethnologue
Russia
EthnologueRU 		see ethnologue see ethnologue see ethnologue
Rwanda
EthnologueRW 		[kin] Kinyarwanda,
[fra] French,
[eng] English 		[swh] Swahili (0.01M - 1.3%)
Thailand
EthnologueTH 		Thai (dialects?) [nan] Chinese, Min Nan (1.1M - 1.7%),
[kxm] Khmer, Northern (1.1M - 1.8%),
[mfa] Malay, Pattani (3.1M - 4.8%),
[tha] Thai (20.2M - 32%),
[tts] Thai, Northeastern (15.0M - 23%),
[nod] Thai, Northern (6.0M - 9.2%),
[sou] Thai, Southern (5.0M - 7.7%) 		[ksw] Karen, S'gaw (0.3M - 0.5%),
[kdt] Kuy (0.3M - 0.5%)
Uruguay
EthnologueUY 		[spa] Spanish none other reported by Ethnologue UY
USA
EthnologueUS 		[eng] English [spa] Spanish (22.4M - 7.5%),
[___] Polish (3.4M - 1.1%),
[deu] German, Standard (6.1M - 2.0%),
[___] Arabic (3.0M - 1.0%) 		[___] Armenian (1.1M - 0.4%),
[___] Chinese (1.6M - 0.5%),
[___] Czech (1.5M - 0.5%),
[___] Eastern Yiddish (1.3M - 0.4%),
[___] French (1.1M - 0.4%),
[frc] French, Cajun (1.0M - 0.3%),
[hwc] Hawai'i Creole English (0.6M - 0.2%),
[___] Italian (0.9M - 0.3%),
[___] Japanese (0.8M - 0.3%),
[___] Korean (1.8M - 0.6%),
[___] Philippines (1.4M - 0.5%),
[___] Portuguese (1.3M - 0.4%),
[___] Swedish (0.6M - 0.2%),
[___] Ukrainian (0.8M - 0.3%),
[___] Vietnamese (0.9M - 0.3%),
[___] Vlax Romani (0.7M - 0.2%),
[___] Western Farsi (0.9M - 0.3%)

External Links

Russia, preparatory training in university, and Russian language courses


See Also

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